STM1 - RADProductsOnlineradproductsonline.com/.../radcnt/mediaserver/19715_gmux-stm1_mn.pdf · STM1...

STM1 Dual-Port STM-1 Interface Module

Gmux-2000 Version 3.2

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The Access Company

STM1 Dual-Port STM-1 Interface Module

Gmux-2000 Version 3.2

Installation and Operation Manual

Notice

This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications Ltd. ("RAD"). No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data Communications.

Right, title and interest, all information, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and other intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to this manual and to the STM1 and any software components contained therein are proprietary products of RAD protected under international copyright law and shall be and remain solely with RAD.

The STM1 product name is owned by RAD. No right, license, or interest to such trademark is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted by you with respect to such trademark. The RAD name, logo, logotype, and the terms EtherAccess, TDMoIP and TDMoIP Driven, and the product names Optimux and IPmux, are registered trademarks of RAD Data Communications Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

You shall not copy, reverse compile or reverse assemble all or any portion of the Manual or the STM1. You are prohibited from, and shall not, directly or indirectly, develop, market, distribute, license, or sell any product that supports substantially similar functionality as the STM1, based on or derived in any way from the STM1. Your undertaking in this paragraph shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

This Agreement is effective upon your opening of the STM1 package and shall continue until terminated. RAD may terminate this Agreement upon the breach by you of any term hereof. Upon such termination by RAD, you agree to return to RAD the STM1 and all copies and portions thereof.

For further information contact RAD at the address below or contact your local distributor.

International Headquarters RAD Data Communications Ltd.

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-6458181 Fax: 972-3-6498250, 6474436 E-mail: [email protected]

North America Headquarters RAD Data Communications Inc.

900 Corporate Drive Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA Tel: (201) 5291100, Toll free: 1-800-4447234 Fax: (201) 5295777 E-mail: [email protected]

© 2005–2008 RAD Data Communications Ltd. Publication No. 358-203-07/08

mailto:[email protected]�


Limited Warranty

RAD warrants to DISTRIBUTOR that the hardware in the STM1 to be delivered hereunder shall be free of defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of twelve (12) months following the date of shipment to DISTRIBUTOR.

If, during the warranty period, any component part of the equipment becomes defective by reason of material or workmanship, and DISTRIBUTOR immediately notifies RAD of such defect, RAD shall have the option to choose the appropriate corrective action: a) supply a replacement part, or b) request return of equipment to its plant for repair, or c) perform necessary repair at the equipment's location. In the event that RAD requests the return of equipment, each party shall pay one-way shipping costs.

RAD shall be released from all obligations under its warranty in the event that the equipment has been subjected to misuse, neglect, accident or improper installation, or if repairs or modifications were made by persons other than RAD's own authorized service personnel, unless such repairs by others were made with the written consent of RAD.

The above warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. There are no warranties which extend beyond the face hereof, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, and in no event shall RAD be liable for consequential damages.

RAD shall not be liable to any person for any special or indirect damages, including, but not limited to, lost profits from any cause whatsoever arising from or in any way connected with the manufacture, sale, handling, repair, maintenance or use of the STM1, and in no event shall RAD's liability exceed the purchase price of the STM1.

DISTRIBUTOR shall be responsible to its customers for any and all warranties which it makes relating to STM1 and for ensuring that replacements and other adjustments required in connection with the said warranties are satisfactory.

Software components in the STM1 are provided "as is" and without warranty of any kind. RAD disclaims all warranties including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. RAD shall not be liable for any loss of use, interruption of business or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages of any kind. In spite of the above RAD shall do its best to provide error-free software products and shall offer free Software updates during the warranty period under this Agreement.

RAD's cumulative liability to you or any other party for any loss or damages resulting from any claims, demands, or actions arising out of or relating to this Agreement and the STM1 shall not exceed the sum paid to RAD for the purchase of the STM1. In no event shall RAD be liable for any indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages or lost profits, even if RAD has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

This Agreement shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Israel.

Product Disposal

To facilitate the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of waste equipment in protecting the environment, the owner of this RAD product is required to refrain from disposing of this product as unsorted municipal waste at the end of its life cycle. Upon termination of the unit’s use, customers should provide for its collection for reuse, recycling or other form of environmentally conscientious disposal.

General Safety Instructions

The following instructions serve as a general guide for the safe installation and operation of telecommunications products. Additional instructions, if applicable, are included inside the manual.

Safety Symbols

This symbol may appear on the equipment or in the text. It indicates potential safety hazards regarding product operation or maintenance to operator or service personnel.

Danger of electric shock! Avoid any contact with the marked surface while the product is energized or connected to outdoor telecommunication lines.

Protective ground: the marked lug or terminal should be connected to the building protective ground bus.

Some products may be equipped with a laser diode. In such cases, a label with the laser class and other warnings as applicable will be attached near the optical transmitter. The laser warning symbol may be also attached.

Please observe the following precautions:

• Before turning on the equipment, make sure that the fiber optic cable is intact and is connected to the transmitter.

• Do not attempt to adjust the laser drive current.

• Do not use broken or unterminated fiber-optic cables/connectors or look straight at the laser beam.

• The use of optical devices with the equipment will increase eye hazard.

• Use of controls, adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified herein, may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

ATTENTION: The laser beam may be invisible!

In some cases, the users may insert their own SFP laser transceivers into the product. Users are alerted that RAD cannot be held responsible for any damage that may result if non-compliant transceivers are used. In particular, users are warned to use only agency approved products that comply with the local laser safety regulations for Class 1 laser products.

Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation and maintenance of this product. Only qualified and authorized service personnel should carry out adjustment, maintenance or repairs to this product. No installation, adjustment, maintenance or repairs should be performed by either the operator or the user.

Warning

Warning

Handling Energized Products

General Safety Practices

Do not touch or tamper with the power supply when the power cord is connected. Line voltages may be present inside certain products even when the power switch (if installed) is in the OFF position or a fuse is blown. For DC-powered products, although the voltages levels are usually not hazardous, energy hazards may still exist.

Before working on equipment connected to power lines or telecommunication lines, remove jewelry or any other metallic object that may come into contact with energized parts.

Unless otherwise specified, all products are intended to be grounded during normal use. Grounding is provided by connecting the mains plug to a wall socket with a protective ground terminal. If a ground lug is provided on the product, it should be connected to the protective ground at all times, by a wire with a diameter of 18 AWG or wider. Rack-mounted equipment should be mounted only in grounded racks and cabinets.

Always make the ground connection first and disconnect it last. Do not connect telecommunication cables to ungrounded equipment. Make sure that all other cables are disconnected before disconnecting the ground.

Connecting AC Mains

Make sure that the electrical installation complies with local codes.

Always connect the AC plug to a wall socket with a protective ground.

The maximum permissible current capability of the branch distribution circuit that supplies power to the product is 16A. The circuit breaker in the building installation should have high breaking capacity and must operate at short-circuit current exceeding 35A.

Always connect the power cord first to the equipment and then to the wall socket. If a power switch is provided in the equipment, set it to the OFF position. If the power cord cannot be readily disconnected in case of emergency, make sure that a readily accessible circuit breaker or emergency switch is installed in the building installation.

In cases when the power distribution system is IT type, the switch must disconnect both poles simultaneously.

Connecting DC Power

Unless otherwise specified in the manual, the DC input to the equipment is floating in reference to the ground. Any single pole can be externally grounded.

Due to the high current capability of DC power systems, care should be taken when connecting the DC supply to avoid short-circuits and fire hazards.

DC units should be installed in a restricted access area, i.e. an area where access is authorized only to qualified service and maintenance personnel.

Make sure that the DC power supply is electrically isolated from any AC source and that the installation complies with the local codes.

The maximum permissible current capability of the branch distribution circuit that supplies power to the product is 16A. The circuit breaker in the building installation should have high breaking capacity and must operate at short-circuit current exceeding 35A.

Before connecting the DC supply wires, ensure that power is removed from the DC circuit. Locate the circuit breaker of the panel board that services the equipment and switch it to the OFF position. When connecting the DC supply wires, first connect the ground wire to the corresponding terminal, then the positive pole and last the negative pole. Switch the circuit breaker back to the ON position.

A readily accessible disconnect device that is suitably rated and approved should be incorporated in the building installation.

If the DC power supply is floating, the switch must disconnect both poles simultaneously.

Connecting Data and Telecommunications Cables

Data and telecommunication interfaces are classified according to their safety status.

The following table lists the status of several standard interfaces. If the status of a given port differs from the standard one, a notice will be given in the manual.

Ports Safety Status

V.11, V.28, V.35, V.36, RS-530, X.21, 10 BaseT, 100 BaseT, Unbalanced E1, E2, E3, STM, DS-2, DS-3, S-Interface ISDN, Analog voice E&M

SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage:

Ports which do not present a safety hazard. Usually up to 30 VAC or 60 VDC.

xDSL (without feeding voltage), Balanced E1, T1, Sub E1/T1

TNV-1 Telecommunication Network Voltage-1:

Ports whose normal operating voltage is within the limits of SELV, on which overvoltages from telecommunications networks are possible.

FXS (Foreign Exchange Subscriber) TNV-2 Telecommunication Network Voltage-2:

Ports whose normal operating voltage exceeds the limits of SELV (usually up to 120 VDC or telephone ringing voltages), on which overvoltages from telecommunication networks are not possible. These ports are not permitted to be directly connected to external telephone and data lines.

FXO (Foreign Exchange Office), xDSL (with feeding voltage), U-Interface ISDN

TNV-3 Telecommunication Network Voltage-3:

Ports whose normal operating voltage exceeds the limits of SELV (usually up to 120 VDC or telephone ringing voltages), on which overvoltages from telecommunication networks are possible.

Always connect a given port to a port of the same safety status. If in doubt, seek the assistance of a qualified safety engineer.

Always make sure that the equipment is grounded before connecting telecommunication cables. Do not disconnect the ground connection before disconnecting all telecommunications cables.

Some SELV and non-SELV circuits use the same connectors. Use caution when connecting cables. Extra caution should be exercised during thunderstorms.

When using shielded or coaxial cables, verify that there is a good ground connection at both ends. The grounding and bonding of the ground connections should comply with the local codes.

The telecommunication wiring in the building may be damaged or present a fire hazard in case of contact between exposed external wires and the AC power lines. In order to reduce the risk, there are restrictions on the diameter of wires in the telecom cables, between the equipment and the mating connectors.

To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cords.

Pour réduire les risques s’incendie, utiliser seulement des conducteurs de télécommunications 26 AWG ou de section supérieure.

Some ports are suitable for connection to intra-building or non-exposed wiring or cabling only. In such cases, a notice will be given in the installation instructions.

Do not attempt to tamper with any carrier-provided equipment or connection hardware.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

The equipment is designed and approved to comply with the electromagnetic regulations of major regulatory bodies. The following instructions may enhance the performance of the equipment and will provide better protection against excessive emission and better immunity against disturbances.

A good ground connection is essential. When installing the equipment in a rack, make sure to remove all traces of paint from the mounting points. Use suitable lock-washers and torque. If an external grounding lug is provided, connect it to the ground bus using braided wire as short as possible.

The equipment is designed to comply with EMC requirements when connecting it with unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables. However, the use of shielded wires is always recommended, especially for high-rate data. In some cases, when unshielded wires are used, ferrite cores should be installed on certain cables. In such cases, special instructions are provided in the manual.

Disconnect all wires which are not in permanent use, such as cables used for one-time configuration.

The compliance of the equipment with the regulations for conducted emission on the data lines is dependent on the cable quality. The emission is tested for UTP with 80 dB longitudinal conversion loss (LCL).

Unless otherwise specified or described in the manual, TNV-1 and TNV-3 ports provide secondary protection against surges on the data lines. Primary protectors should be provided in the building installation.

The equipment is designed to provide adequate protection against electro-static discharge (ESD). However, it is good working practice to use caution when connecting cables terminated with plastic connectors (without a grounded metal hood, such as flat cables) to sensitive data lines. Before connecting such cables, discharge yourself by touching ground or wear an ESD preventive wrist strap.

Caution

Attention

FCC-15 User Information

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of the Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation and Operation manual, may cause harmful interference to the radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Canadian Emission Requirements

This Class A digital apparatus meets all the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulation.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

Warning per EN 55022 (CISPR-22)

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user will be required to take adequate measures.

Cet appareil est un appareil de Classe A. Dans un environnement résidentiel, cet appareil peut provoquer des brouillages radioélectriques. Dans ces cas, il peut être demandé à l’utilisateur de prendre les mesures appropriées.

Das vorliegende Gerät fällt unter die Funkstörgrenzwertklasse A. In Wohngebieten können beim Betrieb dieses Gerätes Rundfunkströrungen auftreten, für deren Behebung der Benutzer verantwortlich ist.

Warning

Avertissement

Achtung

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Mise au rebut du produit

Afin de faciliter la réutilisation, le recyclage ainsi que d'autres formes de récupération d'équipement mis au rebut dans le cadre de la protection de l'environnement, il est demandé au propriétaire de ce produit RAD de ne pas mettre ce dernier au rebut en tant que déchet municipal non trié, une fois que le produit est arrivé en fin de cycle de vie. Le client devrait proposer des solutions de réutilisation, de recyclage ou toute autre forme de mise au rebut de cette unité dans un esprit de protection de l'environnement, lorsqu'il aura fini de l'utiliser.

Instructions générales de sécurité

Les instructions suivantes servent de guide général d'installation et d'opération sécurisées des produits de télécommunications. Des instructions supplémentaires sont éventuellement indiquées dans le manuel.

Symboles de sécurité

Ce symbole peut apparaitre sur l'équipement ou dans le texte. Il indique des risques potentiels de sécurité pour l'opérateur ou le personnel de service, quant à l'opération du produit ou à sa maintenance.

Danger de choc électrique ! Evitez tout contact avec la surface marquée tant que le produit est sous tension ou connecté à des lignes externes de télécommunications.

Mise à la terre de protection : la cosse ou la borne marquée devrait être connectée à la prise de terre de protection du bâtiment.

Avertissement

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Certains produits peuvent être équipés d'une diode laser. Dans de tels cas, une étiquette indiquant la classe laser ainsi que d'autres avertissements, le cas échéant, sera jointe près du transmetteur optique. Le symbole d'avertissement laser peut aussi être joint.

Veuillez observer les précautions suivantes :

• Avant la mise en marche de l'équipement, assurez-vous que le câble de fibre optique est intact et qu'il est connecté au transmetteur.

• Ne tentez pas d'ajuster le courant de la commande laser.

• N'utilisez pas des câbles ou connecteurs de fibre optique cassés ou sans terminaison et n'observez pas directement un rayon laser.

• L'usage de périphériques optiques avec l'équipement augmentera le risque pour les yeux.

• L'usage de contrôles, ajustages ou procédures autres que celles spécifiées ici pourrait résulter en une dangereuse exposition aux radiations.

ATTENTION : Le rayon laser peut être invisible !

Les utilisateurs pourront, dans certains cas, insérer leurs propres émetteurs-récepteurs Laser SFP dans le produit. Les utilisateurs sont avertis que RAD ne pourra pas être tenue responsable de tout dommage pouvant résulter de l'utilisation d'émetteurs-récepteurs non conformes. Plus particulièrement, les utilisateurs sont avertis de n'utiliser que des produits approuvés par l'agence et conformes à la réglementation locale de sécurité laser pour les produits laser de classe 1.

Respectez toujours les précautions standards de sécurité durant l'installation, l'opération et la maintenance de ce produit. Seul le personnel de service qualifié et autorisé devrait effectuer l'ajustage, la maintenance ou les réparations de ce produit. Aucune opération d'installation, d'ajustage, de maintenance ou de réparation ne devrait être effectuée par l'opérateur ou l'utilisateur.

Manipuler des produits sous tension

Règles générales de sécurité

Ne pas toucher ou altérer l'alimentation en courant lorsque le câble d'alimentation est branché. Des tensions de lignes peuvent être présentes dans certains produits, même lorsque le commutateur (s'il est installé) est en position OFF ou si le fusible est rompu. Pour les produits alimentés par CC, les niveaux de tension ne sont généralement pas dangereux mais des risques de courant peuvent toujours exister.

Avant de travailler sur un équipement connecté aux lignes de tension ou de télécommunications, retirez vos bijoux ou tout autre objet métallique pouvant venir en contact avec les pièces sous tension.

Sauf s'il en est autrement indiqué, tous les produits sont destinés à être mis à la terre durant l'usage normal. La mise à la terre est fournie par la connexion de la fiche principale à une prise murale équipée d'une borne protectrice de mise à la terre. Si une cosse de mise à la terre est fournie avec le produit, elle devrait être connectée à tout moment à une mise à la terre de protection par un conducteur de diamètre 18 AWG ou plus. L'équipement monté en châssis ne devrait être monté que sur des châssis et dans des armoires mises à la terre.

Branchez toujours la mise à la terre en premier et débranchez-la en dernier. Ne branchez pas des câbles de télécommunications à un équipement qui n'est pas mis à la terre. Assurez-vous que tous les autres câbles sont débranchés avant de déconnecter la mise à la terre.

Avertissement

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Connexion au courant du secteur

Assurez-vous que l'installation électrique est conforme à la réglementation locale.

Branchez toujours la fiche de secteur à une prise murale équipée d'une borne protectrice de mise à la terre.

La capacité maximale permissible en courant du circuit de distribution de la connexion alimentant le produit est de 16A. Le coupe-circuit dans l'installation du bâtiment devrait avoir une capacité élevée de rupture et devrait fonctionner sur courant de court-circuit dépassant 35A.

Branchez toujours le câble d'alimentation en premier à l'équipement puis à la prise murale. Si un commutateur est fourni avec l'équipement, fixez-le en position OFF. Si le câble d'alimentation ne peut pas être facilement débranché en cas d'urgence, assurez-vous qu'un coupe-circuit ou un disjoncteur d'urgence facilement accessible est installé dans l'installation du bâtiment.

Le disjoncteur devrait déconnecter simultanément les deux pôles si le système de distribution de courant est de type IT.

Connexion d'alimentation CC

Sauf s'il en est autrement spécifié dans le manuel, l'entrée CC de l'équipement est flottante par rapport à la mise à la terre. Tout pôle doit être mis à la terre en externe.

A cause de la capacité de courant des systèmes à alimentation CC, des précautions devraient être prises lors de la connexion de l'alimentation CC pour éviter des courts-circuits et des risques d'incendie.

Les unités CC devraient être installées dans une zone à accès restreint, une zone où l'accès n'est autorisé qu'au personnel qualifié de service et de maintenance.

Assurez-vous que l'alimentation CC est isolée de toute source de courant CA (secteur) et que l'installation est conforme à la réglementation locale.

La capacité maximale permissible en courant du circuit de distribution de la connexion alimentant le produit est de 16A. Le coupe-circuit dans l'installation du bâtiment devrait avoir une capacité élevée de rupture et devrait fonctionner sur courant de court-circuit dépassant 35A.

Avant la connexion des câbles d'alimentation en courant CC, assurez-vous que le circuit CC n'est pas sous tension. Localisez le coupe-circuit dans le tableau desservant l'équipement et fixez-le en position OFF. Lors de la connexion de câbles d'alimentation CC, connectez d'abord le conducteur de mise à la terre à la borne correspondante, puis le pôle positif et en dernier, le pôle négatif. Remettez le coupe-circuit en position ON.

Un disjoncteur facilement accessible, adapté et approuvé devrait être intégré à l'installation du bâtiment.

Le disjoncteur devrait déconnecter simultanément les deux pôles si l'alimentation en courant CC est flottante.

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Preparing for Operation 1

Quick Start Guide

If you are familiar with the STM1 modules, use this guide to prepare a module for operation.

STM1 modules may include Class 1 lasers. To reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous radiation:

• Keep the STM1 module optical connectors covered by their protective caps until cables are connected to these connectors.

• The STM1 module starts operating as soon as it is inserted in an operating chassis.

• Do not look directly into optical connectors while the STM1 module is operating. The module starts operating as soon as it is inserted into an operating Gmux-2000 chassis.

• Do not try to open the module enclosure. There are no user-serviceable components inside.


• The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye hazard. Laser power up to 1 mW could be collected by an optical instrument.

• Use of controls or adjustment or performing procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

Allow only authorized RAD service technicians to repair the unit.

1. Preparing for Operation

1. If necessary, install the prescribed SFPs in the STM1 SFP sockets, LINK 1 and/or LINK 2.

2. Insert the module in the assigned Gmux-2000 slot, I/O-7 or I/O-9.

3. Connect the prescribed cables to the appropriate module connectors, in accordance with the site installation plan.

For interfaces with separate transmit and receive connectors:

1. Connect the transmit cable or fiber (connected to the receive input of the remote equipment) to the corresponding TX connector.

2. Connect the receive cable or fiber (connected to the transmit output of the remote equipment) to the RX connector of the same interface.

For WDM optical SFPs, a single fiber is used for both the transmit and receive paths.

Warning

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

2 Configuring the STM1 Module STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

2. Configuring the STM1 Module

Configuring STM1 Operating Mode

Use the Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9) screen.

Parameter Values

Operation Mode Dual Mode

Configuring External STM-1 Port Parameters

Use the Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9) screen.

Parameter Values

Connect State NC

CONNECTED

AIS on Fail ENABLE

DISABLE

EED Threshold 10E-3 (BER threshold of 10-3), 10E-4 (10-4)

or 10E-5 (10-5)

SD Threshold 10E-6 (BER threshold of 10-6), 10E-7 (10-7),

10E-8 (10-8)or 10E-9 (10-9)

Clock Mode LBT

INT

Configuring Internal VC-4 Port Parameters

Use the Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9)>VC4 Channel screen.

Parameter Values Parameter Values

Connect State CONNECTED

NC

J1 Rx Path Trace DISABLE

ENABLE

AIS & RDI on Signal Label DISABLE

ENABLE

J1 Path Trace Alphanumeric string of 15 characters.

Make sure to configure all the 15

characters; if necessary, pad using

spaces

AIS & RDI on Path Trace DISABLE

ENABLE

EED Threshold 10E-3 (BER threshold of 10-3), 10E-4

(10-4) or 10E-5 (10-5)

J1 Tx Path Trace DISABLE

ENABLE

SD Threshold 10E-6 (BER threshold of 10-6), 10E-7

(10-7), 10E-8 (10-8)or 10E-9 (10-9)

Installation and Operation Manual Quick Start Guide

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Configuring the STM1 Module 3

Configuring Internal Payload Mapping

Use the Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9)>VC4 Channel>Telecom Assignment screen. Configure payload ports on the mapping table:

1. Move the cursor to the desired TU-12 position.

2. Select 1, and then enter the desired payload port, in the format Slot/Port.

3. Move cursor to Add row in same column, select 1, and change the selection:

To unmap, select NC

To map an active (traffic-carrying) pair, select A or B.

4. Same selection automatically appears in Drop row of the same column. If you change the Drop selection, the Add selection is also changed.

Configuring STM1 Redundancy

1. Use Config>System>Redundancy>I/O, and select Add to add APS group.

2. Use Config>System>Redundancy>I/O>APS Configuration to configure the APS group parameters.

Parameter Values

Name Alphanumeric string, maximum 16 characters

Config Mode NONE

1:1 (UNIDIRECT)

Not supported by STM1:

1+1 (BIDIRECT)

802.3AD

N+1

Recovery Mode NON-REVERTIVE

REVERTIVE

Time to Restore 120 to 720 seconds

STM SD Flip Criterion ENABLE

DISABLE

3. Use Config>System>Redundancy>I/O>APS Mapping to configure the APS group channels.

Parameter Values

CH Num 1 to 7.

Use only 1 and 2

Interface Slot/Port, where:

Slot: 7 or 9

Port: 1 or 2

Priority LOW

HIGH

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

4 Configuring the STM1 Module STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 i

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Overview.................................................................................................................... 1-1 Purpose .................................................................................................................. 1-1 Main Features ......................................................................................................... 1-1 Application Considerations ...................................................................................... 1-2

1.2 Physical Description ................................................................................................... 1-3 Module Panels ........................................................................................................ 1-3 Module Connectors ................................................................................................. 1-3 Module Indicators ................................................................................................... 1-4

1.3 Functional Description ................................................................................................ 1-5 Link Interface Subsystem ........................................................................................ 1-6 Automatic Protection Switching .............................................................................. 1-7 Clock Subsystem ................................................................................................... 1-10 Support for N+1 Protection ................................................................................... 1-10 Management Subsystem ....................................................................................... 1-11 Diagnostics ........................................................................................................... 1-11

1.4 Technical Specifications ............................................................................................ 1-12

Chapter 2. Installation and Setup

2.1 Safety ........................................................................................................................ 2-1 Laser Safety Precautions ......................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Installing STM1 Module ............................................................................................... 2-3 Installing/Replacing SFPs ......................................................................................... 2-3 Installation Procedure ............................................................................................. 2-5 Removing an STM1 Module ..................................................................................... 2-6

2.3 Connecting Cables ...................................................................................................... 2-8 Connecting Cables to STM1 Modules with Optical Interfaces .................................... 2-8 Connecting Cables to STM1 Modules with Electrical Interfaces ................................. 2-9

2.4 Normal Indications ..................................................................................................... 2-9

Chapter 3. Configuration

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 STM1 Configuration Sequence .................................................................................... 3-1

STM1 Configuration Guidelines ................................................................................ 3-2 3.3 Configuring STM1 Operating Mode ............................................................................. 3-4 3.4 Configuring External STM-1 Port Parameters ............................................................... 3-4 3.5 Configuring Internal VC-4 Port Parameters .................................................................. 3-5 3.6 Internal Payload Mapping ........................................................................................... 3-7 3.7 Configuring STM1 Redundancy ................................................................................... 3-9

Configuring 1+1 Unidirectional APS Mode ................................................................ 3-9 Displaying Information on APS Groups ................................................................... 3-12 Controlling the On-line STM1 Port/Module in an APS Group ................................... 3-13

Table of Contents Installation and Operation Manual

ii STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

Chapter 4. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 STM1 Diagnostic Functions ......................................................................................... 4-1

Local STM-1 Port Loopback ..................................................................................... 4-1 Remote STM-1 Port Loopback ................................................................................. 4-2 Loopbacks on STM1 Ports Included in APS Groups ................................................... 4-2

4.3 Troubleshooting Instructions ...................................................................................... 4-3 Preliminary Troubleshooting Instructions ................................................................. 4-3 Systematic Troubleshooting Instructions ................................................................. 4-3

4.4 Technical Support ...................................................................................................... 4-4

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 1BOverview 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview

This manual describes the technical characteristics, applications, installation and operation of the STM1 dual-port STM-1 I/O modules for the Gmux-2000 system.

Purpose

The STM1 module provides two main functions:

• Provides physical STM-1 interfaces for direct access to the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) transmission cores at the STM-1 level (155.520 Mbps).

• Handles the TDM traffic flow between Gmux-2000 internal E1 ports, and the SDH network.

Only one STM1 module is required in the chassis, however Gmux-2000 supports two STM1 modules.

Main Features

The STM1 module operates as a dual-port SDH terminal multiplexer (TM) for the Gmux-2000 chassis that terminates STM-1 links and their overhead. The module has two independent STM-1 ports, where each port is capable of multiplexing up to 63 E1 streams taken from any internal E1 ports of I/O modules installed in the Gmux-2000 chassis into one STM-1 data stream. The total module capacity is 126 E1 data streams.

The STM1 module supports free mapping of any internal E1 port of any I/O module to any TU-12 tributary unit carried in a VC-4 virtual container.

The STM1 module ports can be configured to provide two independent STM-1 links, or one STM-1 link with line redundancy. Line redundancy is activated by configuring 1+1 unidirectional APS (Automatic Protection Switching). This means that the traffic is automatically switched to the other STM-1 port in case the active STM-1 port or its link fails.

APS is supported by STM1 hardware version 2.10B and higher.

In addition, the STM1 module also supports N+1 redundancy for I/O modules installed in the chassis.

Note

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

1-2 1BOverview STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

STM1 modules can be ordered in the following versions, which differ with respect to the interface types of the external STM-1 ports:

• SFP sockets for field-replaceable standard SFPs with optical interfaces, enables selecting the optimal interface for each application and fiber type. RAD offers a wide range of SFPs, including high-performance SFPs that are also offered in WDM versions using a single fiber instead of the customary two fibers, and can achieve ranges up to 80 km/50 miles.

• Fixed optical interfaces for short-haul and long-haul applications, complying with ITU-T Rec. G.957. These interfaces require two fibers per port (a transmit fiber and a receive fiber).

RAD offers a wide range of fixed optical interfaces, which include LED and laser sources operating at 850 and 1310 nm over multi-mode and single-mode fiber, and therefore can optimally meet a wide range of system requirements. The long-haul optical interface has a range of up to 40 km (26 miles), thereby enabling remote access to regional and national SDH transmission networks.

• Fixed electrical interfaces for intra-office applications that require direct, short-range connection to higher-level SDH multiplexers. An electrical interface has two BNC connectors and requires two 75Ω coaxial cables per port.

STM1 modules support flexible timing modes. The operating mode is determined by commands received from the Gmux-2000 CONTROL module. The CONTROL module can also download software updates to the module.

Application Considerations

STM1 modules can be used in the following application modes:

• TM with single STM-1 link (single STM1 module, second port not connected)

• TM with dual STM-1 links (single STM1 module, both STM-1 ports connected)

• TM with single STM-1 link, and with line redundancy (single STM1 module, both STM-1 ports connected).

• TM with dual STM-1 links, with both line and hardware redundancy (two STM1 modules, with all the STM-1 ports connected)

For additional application information, refer to the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual.

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 2BPhysical Description 1-3

1.2 Physical Description

STM1 modules can be installed in I/O slot 7 and/or 9 of the Gmux-2000 chassis. There are no internal user settings on the STM1 modules: all their configuration parameters are determined by software.

Module Panels

Figure 1-1 shows typical STM1 module panels.

LOC

REM

LOC

REM

ACT

FLT

STM1

LASERCLASS

1

A. Module with SFP-Based Ports

LOC

REMTX RX

LOC

REMTX RX

ACT

FLT

STM1

LASERCLASS

1

B. Module with Fixed Optical Ports

ACT

FLTLOC

REMTXRX

LOC

REMTXRXSTM1

C. Module with Fixed Electrical Ports

Figure 1-1. Typical STM1 Module Panels

The functions of the components located on the panels of the various STM1 module versions are described below.

Module Connectors

Modules with Fixed Port Interfaces

Each module port (see Figure 1-1.B, C) includes two connectors, designated as follows:

• TX – serves as the STM-1 transmit (output) connector

• RX – serves as the STM-1 receive (input) connector.

Electrical ports have BNC connectors. Optical ports have SC optical connectors.

Modules with SFP-Based Interfaces

SFPs with optical interfaces have either one or two LC optical connectors, in accordance with interface type (WDM for single fiber operation, or single wavelength for dual-fiber operation).


1-4 2BPhysical Description STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

Module Indicators

Port Alarm Indicators

Each module port has two alarm indicators:

• LOSS LOC – local loss of signal indicator, lights when the input signal level is too low

• LOSS REM – remote loss of signal indicator, lights when the remote module (or the remote STM-1 port) reports loss of input signal.

Module Status Indicators

The STM1 module has two general status indicators:

• ACT – lights when the module carries traffic

• FLT – lights when a malfunction has been detected in the module.


STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 3BFunctional Description 1-5

1.3 Functional Description

Figure 1-2 shows the STM1 functional block diagram.

Interface 1

STM-1 Module

STM-1Framer

RecoveredLine Clock

TransmitTiming

STM-1Transceiver

TX

RX

Clock Subsystem

LINK 1

InternalOscillator

SDHReceiveClocks

ManagementSubsystem

SDHTransmitClock

RecoveredLine Clock

LOC REMLOSS

Interface 2

STM-1Framer

TransmitTiming

STM-1Transceiver

TX

RXLINK 2

LOC REMLOSS

ToTelecomBus A

ToTelecomBus B

ToCONTROLModule

Data

Data

Main

Fallback

ACT FLT

Figure 1-2. STM1 Functional Block Diagram

The module includes the following main subsystems:

• Link interface subsystem

• Clock subsystem

• Management subsystem.


1-6 3BFunctional Description STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

Link Interface Subsystem

Each link interface comprises an STM-1 framer and an STM-1 transceiver.

Port 1 interface is connected to telecom bus A, and port 2 is connected to telecom bus B.

STM-1 Framer

The STM-1 framer prepares the STM-1 transmit data stream for transmission through the STM-1 transceiver. The transmit path of the framer performs the following operations:

1. Collects the VC-12 payload data, prepared for transmission toward the SDH network by I/O modules, from the Gmux-2000 corresponding internal telecom bus.

2. Inserts each VC-12 appearing on the telecom bus into any user-selected TU-12 tributary unit contained in the VC-4 payload data section of the STM-1 frame.

3. Adds the SDH overhead and framing signals, to form the complete STM-1 frame structure.

The reverse operations are performed in the receive path, to retrieve the received data streams from the received STM-1 data stream. The received data is then applied on the telecom buses, in the same positions as selected for the transmit path.

STM-1 Transceiver

Each external STM-1 port is equipped with a transceiver that performs the following functions:

• The transmit path of the port receives the STM-1 data stream from the corresponding STM-1 framer and generates the line transmit signal.

• The receive path of the port recovers the STM-1 data stream and the associated 155.520 MHz clock signal from the received line signal.

The resulting 155.520 Mbps data stream is transferred to the corresponding STM-1 framer. The recovered 155.520 MHz clock signal can be used as a reference by the module timing subsystem, and can also be used as a reference for the nodal timing subsystem.

The external STM-1 ports can be ordered with the following interfaces:

• Fixed electrical unbalanced (75Ω) interface per ITU-T Rec. G.703 Para. 12, for intra-office applications. This interface is terminated in two BNC female connectors for operation over 75Ω coaxial cables. The maximum line attenuation that can be tolerated is 12.7 dB (in accordance with the standards, the attenuation measured at a frequency of 78 MHz). This corresponds to the attenuation of a 135-meter run of RG-59B/U coaxial cable.

• Fixed optical interface. This interface requires two fibers, one connected to the transmit path (TX connector) and the other connected to the receive path (RX connector). The interface uses SC connectors.



The optical ports are available with a wide range of fiber-optic interfaces, to optimally meet a wide range of system requirements. The fiber-optic interfaces can operate over 62.5/125 micron multi-mode, or 9/125 micron single-mode fibers (typical attenuation of 0.4 dB/km at 1310 nm).

Table 1-1 provides information on the characteristics of the optical subsystem, together with typical maximum ranges. All the fiber-optic interface options offer high performance and have a wide dynamic range, which ensures that the receiver will not saturate even when using short fiber-optic cables (saturation is caused when the optical power applied to the receiver exceeds its maximum allowed input power, and results in very high bit error rates).

Table 1-1. Fiber Optic Interface Characteristics

Wavelength Fiber Type Transmitter

Type

Power Coupled

into Fiber

Receiver

Sensitivity

Typical

Optical

Budget

Typical Max.

Range

(km/miles)

1310 nm

9/125 μm,

single mode

Laser -15 to -8 dBm -31 dBm 16 dB 20/13

9/125 μm,

single mode

Laser, long

haul

-5 to 0 dBm -34 dBm 29 dB 40/26

62.5/125 μm,

multi-mode

LED -20 to -14 dBm -30 dBm 10 dB 2/1.3

850 nm 62.5/125 μm,

multi-mode

VCSEL -20 to -14 dBm -30 dBm 10 dB 2/1.3

• SFP-based interfaces. The performance depends on the installed SFP model. RAD offers a wide range of SFPs, including WDM versions that need a single fiber instead of the customary two fibers.

It is strongly recommended to order STM1 with RAD SFPs installed: this will ensure that prior to shipping RAD has performed comprehensive functional testing on the assembled module, including SFPs. Although users can install their own SFPs into STM1 modules, note that RAD cannot guarantee full compliance to product specifications when using non-RAD SFPs, and cannot be held responsible for any damage that may result if non-compliant transceivers are used. In particular, users are warned to use only agency approved SFPs that comply with the local laser safety regulations for Class 1 laser products.

Automatic Protection Switching

STM1 modules support 1+1 unidirectional (line) protection with APS per ITU-T Rec. G.783 for the link to the SDH network.

APS is configured by defining APS groups. Each APS group must include exactly two STM1 ports. Therefore, the supported APS group configurations depend on the number of STM1 modules installed in the chassis:

• One STM1 module: one APS group including the two module ports

Note



• Two STM1 modules: two APS groups must be defined, one for each pair of similarly named ports. Therefore, one APS group includes the LINK 1 ports of the two STM1 modules, and the other APS group includes the LINK 2 ports.

With one STM1 module in the chassis, redundancy is optional.

With two STM1 modules in the chassis, redundancy is mandatory.

Figure 1-3 illustrates the operation of the 1+1 unidirectional protection function on a Gmux-2000 using a single STM1 module.

Gmux-2000 Gmux-2000

STM1Module

LegendWorking linkProtection link

STM1Module

LINK 1

InternalProtection

Switch

InternalProtection

Switch

SDHNetwork LINK 1

LINK 2 LINK 2

A. Normal Operation

Gmux-2000 Gmux-2000

STM1Module

LegendWorking linkProtection link

STM1Module

LINK 1A

B

InternalProtection

Switch

InternalProtection

Switch

SDHNetwork LINK 1

LINK 2 LINK 2

B. Operation after Protection Switching due to Fault in Path to one Port

Figure 1-3. Operation of 1+1 Unidirectional Protection Function

1+1 unidirectional protection works as follows:

Note



• Both the working and protection ports of an APS group simultaneously transmit the same data toward the remote end, via two different paths.

• At each side, the signal received by each port of an APS group is evaluated in accordance with the alarm weighting criteria specified in ITU-T Rec. G.707, to determine the best signal (the signal with the lowest total alarm weight). The results of this evaluation are used to select the receive signal actually connected to the corresponding telecom bus (these tasks are performed by a processing function identified as an internal protection switch). Figure 1-3.A shows the normal operating conditions, under which the signal received through the working port is selected for processing.

• When a fault occurs, protection switching takes place. For example, Figure 1-3.B shows the change in case the working signal path ending at the LINK 1 port of the West Gmux-2000 fails: the received signal is now taken from LINK 2. Note that the same action would be taken in response to any problem along this path (fault at location A, fault at location B, transmit failure at the East LINK 1 port, or receive failure at the West LINK 1 port).

The basic 1+1 unidirectional protection configuration shown in Figure 1-3 can be extended to a dual-link configuration, by installing two STM1 modules at each side. In this case, protection switching replaces a port on the working module with the corresponding port on the protection module (in the example given above, a fault in the path ending at LINK 1 of one STM1 module would switch the traffic to LINK 1 of the second STM1 module). In the same way, a hardware failure in one STM1, or a break in the optical cable connecting to an STM1, would switch the traffic to the other module.

With 1+1 unidirectional protection, each side independently selects the best signal (in Figure 1-3.B, no change occurred at the East Gmux-2000), and therefore no protocol is needed to coordinate protection switching with the remote side. For example, in Figure 1-3.B, the East side would also switch to the protection port (LINK 2) if the West side problem is a break in both fibers connected to the West LINK 1 port.

The alarm criteria taken into consideration for protection switching are as follows (listed in decreasing weight order):

• The module with the other port in the APS group is not installed.

• Forced-flip command.

• Critical alarm. A critical alarm is caused by the detection of one or more of the following fault conditions: loss of SDH line signal, reception of AIS signal on the line, loss of SDH frame, or clock failure.

• Major alarm. A major alarm is caused by EED (excessive error degradation). The EED threshold can be selected by the user.

• Minor alarm. A minor alarm is caused by an SD (signal degraded) condition, where the threshold can be selected by the user. However, the user can configure APS parameters to ignore the SD criterion.

• Revert request (only when the revertive recovery mode is selected).

The working port always carries the traffic, as long as its total alarm weight does not exceed that of the protection. The user can however force switching (flipping) to the other port by a manual flip command: such command is always executed,



except when the other port in the APS group by a manual command, except when it is located on a module not installed in the chassis.

The two ports in an APS group can be assigned priorities: Gmux-2000 will generate alarm messages to notify managers (supervision terminal, Telnet hosts, management stations, etc.) that protection switching from the high priority port to the low priority port, or vice versa, occurred.

The recovery mode after a protection switching can be selected in accordance with the application requirements:

• Non-revertive mode – the STM1 module will not automatically flip back after the failed port returns to normal operation, but only when the currently used port fails (that is, when its alarm weight exceeds that of the standby port). However, as explained above, the user can always initiate flipping back by a manual flip command.

• Revertive mode – the STM1 module will flip back to the original port when it returns to normal operation (that is, its alarm weight is equal to, or lower than, that of the currently active port).

To prevent switching under marginal conditions, the user can specify a restoration time, which is the minimum interval before flipping back to the original port. During the restoration time, alarms are ignored. As a result, the module starts evaluating the criteria for protection switching (flipping) only after the restoration time expires, thereby ensuring that another flip cannot occur before the specified time expires.

Clock Subsystem

The clock subsystem of the STM1 module has two sections:

• Receive Section. The receive section processes the recovered 155.520 MHz clock signals from the STM-1 transceivers, and generates internal timing signals for the receive path.

In addition, the receive section generates a 8 kHz frame clock that can be applied on the internal SDH receive timing buses of the Gmux-2000 chassis, to serve as reference source for the nodal clock and timing subsystem (located on the CONTROL modules).

• Transmit Section. This section generates clock and timing signals for the transmit path of the module. The reference source for these signals can be the nodal clock provided by the CONTROL module, or one of the locally recovered receive clock signals (loopback timing).

Support for N+1 Protection

STM1 modules support N+1 protection for I/O modules installed in Gmux-2000.

The current Gmux-2000 version supports N+1 protection only for pseudowire server modules and for VC-E1/12 and VC-E1/16 voice compression modules operating in the internal port (US_NS) mode, and only one N+1 protection group can be configured in the chassis.



The N+1 protection function is managed by the Gmux-2000 control subsystem, and operates independently of the other Gmux-2000 APS capabilities, in particular the STM1 redundancy modes described above.

An N+1 protection group for I/O modules is formed by adding a spare (standby, or protection) module to a group of N modules that carry the traffic (the protected modules). All the N+1 modules must be of the same type.

N+1 protection operates as follows:

• When all of the N traffic-carrying (protected) I/O modules operate normally, the protection I/O module is idle.

• When any one of the N traffic carrying modules reports a malfunction, the malfunctioning module is automatically disconnected from the telecom buses and replaced by the protection module, thereby restoring the original traffic capacity.

• After the malfunctioning module is replaced, and is again ready for service, the reverse process automatically takes place, with the result that the protected module is returned to service, and the protection module is again idle and ready to protect any other malfunctioning module in the group.

To provide differential quality of service, it is possible to define two protection priority levels, low and high: in the event that protection is required for two modules at the same time, only the high priority module will be protected.

Management Subsystem

The module management subsystem controls the operation of the various circuits located on the module, in accordance with the configuration parameters sent upon power-up or resetting by the CONTROL module. The module configuration parameters are derived from the Gmux-2000 configuration stored on the CONTROL module. The software necessary for the module operation is stored in a flash memory. The software can also be updated by downloading from the CONTROL module.

Diagnostics

To reduce downtime to a minimum, the STM1 module includes automatic self-test upon power-up and circuits that monitor the operation of the various module subsystems. The self-test results can be read by the Gmux-2000 management subsystem. In case a malfunction is detected either by the self-test function or the built-in monitoring circuits, the module FLT indicator turns on.

The module also supports user-activated local and remote loopbacks on the external STM-1 port.

In addition, each STM-1 port includes indicators that light in case of local or remote loss of signal.


1-12 4BTechnical Specifications STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

1.4 Technical Specifications

General Function STM-1 interface module for the Gmux-2000 system

External Ports Two STM-1 ports, with interface in accordance with order:

• Fixed electrical interface

• Fixed optical interface

• SFP-based optical interface

Framing ITU-T Rec. G.707, G.708, G.709

Port Payload Capacity 63 E1 streams ports

Number of Telecom Buses Supported

Two telecom buses:

• Port 1 – serves telecom bus A

• Port 2 – serves telecom bus B

Operational Configurations

Single STM1 Module in Chassis

• TM with single STM-1 link (when second port is not connected)

• TM with dual STM-1 links (when both STM-1 ports are connected)

• TM with single STM-1 link, and with line redundancy (single STM1 module, both STM-1 ports connected).

Two STM1 Modules in Chassis

• TM with dual STM-1 links, with both line and hardware redundancy (all the STM-1 ports connected)

Redundancy 1+1 unidirectional APS per ITU-T Rec. G.783, with user-configurable revertive or non-revertive recovery

Fixed Electrical STM-1 Port Interface Characteristics

Physical Layer ITU-T Rec. G.703, Para. 12

Line Code CMI

Nominal Bit Rate 155.520 Mbps

Connectors Two BNC connectors

Fixed Optical STM-1 Port Interface

Physical Layer ITU-T Rec. G.957



STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 4BTechnical Specifications 1-13

Characteristics Standard SDH

Link Connectors SC

Interface Characteristics See Table 1-1

SFP-Based STM-1 Port Interface Characteristics

Physical Layer ITU-T Rec. G.957


Connectors One or two LC connectors, depending of SFP type

Recommended RAD SFP Types

• Dual Fibers: SFP-1, SFP-2, SFP-3, SFP-4

• Single Fiber: SFP-10a, SFP-10b, SFP-13, SFP-18a, SFP-19a, SFP-19b

Note

For detailed specifications of SFP transceivers, see the RAD SFP Transceivers data sheet.

Module Timing STM-1 Receive Port Timing • Receive clock recovered from the received STM-1 line signal

• Gmux-2000 nodal clock can be locked to the recovered receive clock signal of an STM-1 port

STM-1 Transmit Port Timing • Internal timing (locked to Gmux-2000 nodal clock)

• Loopback timing (transmit timing locked to clock recovered from selected received STM-1 line signal)

Internal Port Receive Timing Receive clock recovered from the received STM-1 line signal

Internal Port Transmit Timing • Locked to the Gmux-2000 nodal clock

• Locked to one of the recovered internal E1 port clock signals (which may itself use loopback timing or adaptive timing)

Port Indicators L LOS (red) Local loss of STM-1 signal

R LOS (red) Remote loss of STM-1 signal

Module Indicators ACT (green) Module is active and carries traffic

FLT (red) Fault detected in module


1-14 4BTechnical Specifications STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

Diagnostics Loopbacks • User-activated local loopback on each external STM-1 port

• User-activated remote loopback on each external STM-1 port

Self-Test Automatically performed upon power-up or reset

Physical Occupies a single I/O module slot (slot 7 or 9)

Payload Routing User-defined mapping, any E1 port to any TU-12 within the STM-1 payload

Configuration Programmable via Gmux-2000 management

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Safety 2-1

Chapter 2

Installation and Setup This Chapter provides installation, configuration and operation instructions for the STM1 modules.

The information presented in this Chapter supplements the Gmux-2000 installation, configuration and operation instructions contained in the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual.

2.1 Safety

Before performing any internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, or repairs, first disconnect all the cables from the module, and then remove the module from the Gmux-2000 enclosure. No internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, and repairs may be performed by either the operator or the user; such activities may be performed only by a skilled technician who is aware of the hazards involved. Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and maintenance of this product.

The STM1 modules contain components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To prevent ESD damage, always hold the module by its sides, and do not touch the module components or connectors.

To prevent physical damage to the electronic components assembled on the two sides of the module printed circuit boards (PCB) while it is inserted into its chassis slot, support the module while sliding it into position and make sure that its components do not touch the chassis structure, nor other modules.

Laser Safety Precautions

Laser Safety Classification

STM1 modules equipped with laser devices provided by RAD comply with laser product performance standards set by governmental agencies for Class 1 laser products. The modules do not emit hazardous light, and the beam is totally enclosed during all operating modes of customer operation and maintenance.

In some cases, the users may insert their own SFP laser transceivers into STM1 modules. Users are alerted that RAD cannot be held responsible for any damage that may result if non-compliant transceivers are used. In particular, users are warned to use only agency approved products that comply with the local laser safety regulations for Class 1 laser products.

Warning

Caution

Caution

Chapter 2 Installation and Setup Installation and Operation Manual

2-2 Safety STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

The following label, located near the optical connectors, is used to indicate that the module is classified as a Class 1 laser product.

LASERKLASSE1CLASS 1LASER

PRODUCT

STM1 modules are shipped with protective covers installed on all the optical connectors. Do not remove these covers until you are ready to connect optical cables to the STM1 connectors. Keep the covers for reuse, to reinstall the cover over the optical connector as soon as the optical cable is disconnected.

Laser Safety Statutory Warning and Operating Precautions

All the personnel involved in equipment installation, operation, and maintenance must be aware that the laser radiation is invisible. Therefore, although protective devices generally prevent direct exposure to the beam, the personnel must strictly observe the applicable safety precautions and in particular must avoid staring into optical connectors, neither directly nor using optical instruments.

In addition to the general precautions described in this section, be sure to observe the following warnings when operating a product equipped with a laser device. Failure to observe these warnings could result in fire, bodily injury, and damage to the equipment.

STM1 modules may include Class 1 lasers. To reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous radiation:

• Do not look directly into optical connectors while the STM1 module is operating. The module starts operating as soon as it is plugged into an operating enclosure.

• Do not try to open the module enclosure. There are no user-serviceable components inside.


• The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye hazard. Laser power up to 1 mW could be collected by an optical instrument.

• Use of controls or adjustment or performing procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

Allow only authorized RAD service technicians to repair the unit.

Warning

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Setup

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Installing STM1 Module 2-3

2.2 Installing STM1 Module

STM1 modules may be installed in an operating unit (hot insertion).

STM1 modules do not have any internal settings, therefore there are no preparations before installation. However, if the module is not yet equipped with SFPs, or an installed SFP must be replaced, first follow the instructions presented in the Installing/Replacing SFPs section below.

Installing/Replacing SFPs

STM1 has two installation positions for SFPs, designated LINK 1 and LNK 2:

• To install an SFP, use the procedure given in the Installing an SFP section.

• To replace an SFP, use the procedure given in the Replacing an SFP section.

An additional SFP can be installed at any time in an operating STM1 module; SFPs can also be hot-swapped.

Installing an SFP

When installing an optical SFP in an operating module, be aware that it may immediately start generating laser radiation.

During the installation of an SFP with optical interfaces, make sure that all optical connectors are closed by protective caps.

Do not remove the covers until you are ready to connect optical fibers to the connectors. Be aware that when inserting an SFP into a working module, the SFP transmitter may start transmitting as soon as it is inserted.

All the following procedures are illustrated for SFPs with dual-fiber optical interfaces. However, the same procedures apply to other types of SFPs.

To install the SFP:

• Lock the latch wire of the SFP module by lifting it up until it clicks into place, as illustrated in Figure 2-1.

Some SFP models have a plastic door instead of a latch wire.

Figure 2-1. Locking the Latch Wire of a Typical SFP

Note

Note

Note

Warning

Caution


2-4 Installing STM1 Module STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

1. Carefully remove the dust covers from the corresponding SFP socket of the STM1 module, and from the SFP electrical connector.

2. Orient the SFP as shown in Figure 2-2, and then insert the rear end of the SFP into the module socket.

Figure 2-2. Inserting a Typical SFP in the STM1 Module

3. Push SFP slowly backwards to mate the connectors, until the SFP clicks into place. If you feel resistance before the connectors are fully mated, retract the SFP using the latch wire as a pulling handle, and then repeat the procedure.

4. If necessary, repeat the procedure for the other SFP. A typical STM1 module with two SFPs with optical interfaces is shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3. STM1 Module with Typical SFPs Installed



Replacing an SFP

SFPs can be hot-swapped. It is always recommended to coordinate SFP replacement with the system administrator. Note that during the replacement of SFPs with optical interfaces, only the traffic on the affected STM-1 link is disrupted (the other STM-1 link can continue to carry traffic). As a result, when STM-1 link redundancy is enabled, SFP replacement is essentially non-traffic-affecting. If STM-1 link redundancy is not enabled, only the traffic on the affected STM-1 link is stopped until the new SFP is inserted and reconnected to cables.

To replace an SFP:

1. If necessary, disconnect any cables connected to the SFP connectors.

2. Push down the SFP locking wire, and then pull the SFP out.

3. Reinstall protective covers on the SFP electrical and optical connectors.

4. Install the replacement SFP in accordance with the Installing an SFP section.

Installation Procedure

The following procedures are illustrated for STM1 with fixed optical interfaces. However, the same procedures apply to STM1 with other types of interfaces.

To install an STM1 module:

1. Refer to the system installation plan and identify the prescribed module slot: the module can be installed in I/O slot 7 or 9 of the Gmux-2000 enclosure.

2. Check that the fastening screws of the two sides of the module are free to move.

3. Insert the STM1 module in its chassis slot and slide it backward as far as it goes (see Figure 2-4).

4. Refer to Figure 2-5 and press the extractor handles toward the center of the module to fully insert its rear connector into the mating connector on the backplane.

5. Secure the STM1 module by tightening its two fastening screws.

6. The module starts operating as soon as it is plugged into an operating enclosure. At this stage, ignore the alarm indications.

Note


2-6 Installing STM1 Module STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

1

Figure 2-4. Installing an STM1 Module

1

1

2

2

Figure 2-5. Securing the STM1 Module to the Chassis

Removing an STM1 Module

To remove an STM1 module:

1. Fully release the two screws fastening the module to the chassis.



2. Press the release buttons of the two extractors (see Figure 2-6.A, and …

3. … push the extractor handles in the direction shown in Figure 2-6.B to disengage the rear connector.

4. Pull the module out.

A.

2

1

21

B.

1

4 3

3

Figure 2-6. Removing an STM1 Module


2-8 Connecting Cables STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

2.3 Connecting Cables

Connecting Cables to STM1 Modules with Optical Interfaces

General Optical Cable Handling Instructions

The optical fibers intended for connection to equipment installed in a rack should pass through fiber spoolers, located at the top or bottom of the rack, in accordance with the site routing arrangements (overhead or under-the-floor routing). The spoolers must contain enough fiber for routing within the rack up to the STM1 optical connectors, and for fiber replacement in case of damage (splicing repairs).

From the spoolers, the optical fibers should be routed through cable guides running along the sides of the rack frame to the level of the equipment to which they connect.

The mounting brackets used for installing a Gmux-2000 in ETSI racks have special openings for routing cables and fibers to one side of the chassis. You may route the optical fibers through these openings together with other cables, provided that the fibers are not stressed under the other cables.

When connecting optical cables, make sure to prevent cable twisting and avoid sharp bends (unless otherwise specified by the optical cable manufacturer, the minimum fiber bending radius is 35 mm). Always leave some slack, to prevent stress. RAD recommends installing plastic supports on each cable connector: these supports determine the fiber bending radius at the connector entry point and also prevent stress at this point.

Make sure all the optical connectors are closed at all times by the appropriate protective caps, or by the mating cable connector.

Do not remove the protective cap until an optical fiber is connected to the corresponding connector, and immediately install a protective cap after a cable is disconnected.

Before installing optical cables, it is recommended to clean thoroughly their connectors using an approved cleaning kit.

Optical Cable Connection Instructions

For each optical interface, identify the cables intended for connection to this module, in accordance with the site installation plan.

For interfaces with separate transmit and receive connectors:

1. Connect the transmit fiber (connected to the receive input of the remote equipment) to the corresponding TX connector.

2. Connect the receive fiber (connected to the transmit output of the remote equipment) to the RX connector of the same interface.

For WDM optical SFPs, a single fiber is used for both the transmit and receive paths.

Caution

Note


STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Normal Indications 2-9

Connecting Cables to STM1 Modules with Electrical Interfaces

1. For each electrical interface, identify the cables intended for connection to this module, in accordance with the site installation plan.

2. Connect the prescribed coaxial transmit cable (connected to the receive input of the remote equipment) to the corresponding TX BNC connector.

3. Connect the prescribed coaxial receive cable (connected to the transmit output of the remote equipment) to the RX BNC connector of the same interface.

2.4 Normal Indications

During normal operation, after the connection to the remote equipment is established, all the LOS indicators of the STM1 module must be off.

The ACT indicator must light, and the FLT indicator must be off.


2-10 Normal Indications STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 STM1 Configuration Sequence 3-1

Chapter 3

Configuration

3.1 Introduction

This Chapter provides specific configuration information for STM1 modules.

The configuration activities are performed by means of the management system used to control the Gmux-2000 unit. The instructions appearing in this Chapter assume that you are familiar with the management system being used:

• Supervision terminal or Telnet. Refer to the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual for instructions.

On the supervisory terminal screens, the STM1 module is identified as STM-2.

• Network management system, e.g., the RADview network management system (refer to the RADview User's Manual for instructions).

For general instructions, additional configuration procedures, and background information, refer to the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual.

3.2 STM1 Configuration Sequence The specific configuration activities needed to put an STM1 module into service are listed below:

1. Include an STM1 module not yet installed in the Gmux-2000 into the database. This allows preconfiguring the module parameters, so that when the module will immediately start operating in the desired mode as soon as it is installed in the enclosure.

For the supervision terminal, use Config>System>Card Type, where STM1 modules can be installed in I/O slot 7 and/or 9.

It is not allowed to configure an STM1 module in one slot, and an OC3 module in the other slot.

2. Configure the STM1 module operating mode.

For the supervision terminal, use Config>Physical Layer>I/O>Operation Mode.

3. Configure the external STM-1 port parameters.

For the supervision terminal, use Config>Physical Layer>I/O>STM-1 Port.

4. When necessary, configure the external port redundancy parameters.

For the supervisory terminal, use Config>System>Redundancy>I/O.

Note

Note

Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

3-2 STM1 Configuration Sequence STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

You must configure redundancy when two STM1 modules are installed in the Gmux-2000.

5. Configure the internal VC-4 port parameters.

For the supervision terminal, use Config>Physical Layer>I/O>VC4 Channel.

Do not map any traffic to VC-4 associated with STM1 configured as secondary channels in an APS group.

6. Configure the internal mapping of ports to the VC-4 TUGs.

For the supervision terminal, use Config>Physical Layer>I/O>VC4 Channel>Telecom Assignment.

In addition to the configuration functions listed above, you can display:

• Logistics and status information on the module and its ports: use the Inventory menu

• Status information on APS groups including STM1 ports: use the Inventory menu

• Specific performance monitoring information: use the Monitoring menu.

The Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual presents detailed instructions for these activities.

STM1 Configuration Guidelines

Capacity

1. Up to two STM1 modules can be installed in the chassis, in I/O slot 7 and/or 9.

2. Each STM1 port supports one STM-1 stream, that is, 63 E1 streams. Therefore, two STM-1 ports are sufficient to support the maximum payload capacity of the current Gmux-2000 version, 126 E1 streams.

Mapping

1. The Gmux-2000 payload reaches the STM1 module via telecom buses, where each telecom bus has a capacity of one STM-1 stream. The current Gmux-2000 version supports two telecom buses, designated A and B. Only one STM-1 port can be connected to each telecom bus, in accordance with the following fixed assignment:

Port 1 of an STM1 module (irrespective of the I/O slot, 7 or 9, in which the module is installed) is always connected to telecom bus A

Port 2 of an STM1 module is always connected to telecom bus B.

2. Separate payload mappings can be made on each telecom bus. Mapping screens displayed by the supervision terminal identify the telecom bus used by each port.

Note

Note

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 STM1 Configuration Sequence 3-3

3. Considering the number of telecom buses, the maximum number of STM-1 ports that can be active at any time in the Gmux-2000 chassis is two (one on each telecom bus). This is achieved as follows:

When one STM1 module is installed in the chassis: each port configured as Connected provides a bandwidth of one STM-1. When both ports are Connected, the module provides a bandwidth of two STM-1 without redundancy. Either port can be configured as Not Connected.

As an option, when both ports are Connected, redundancy can be enabled: in this case, the bandwidth is one STM-1.

When two STM1 modules are installed in the chassis, the total bandwidth is two STM-1 (even when all the ports are Connected) and redundancy must be enabled.

Redundancy

1. STM1 modules with hardware version 2.10B and higher support line redundancy. Redundancy is activated on STM1 modules by configuring APS groups using 1+1 unidirectional protection.

You can check the STM1 hardware version by means of Inventory>System> System Information>I/O Inventory.

2. The supported APS configurations are as follows:

When one STM1 module is installed in the chassis: one APS group including the two ports of the STM1 module

When two STM1 modules are installed in the chassis (in both I/O 7 and 9): two APS groups, one for each pair of similarly named ports. Therefore, one APS group includes the LINK 1 ports of the STM1 modules, and the other APS group includes the LINK 2 ports.

3. At any time, the payload of each telecom bus is carried by one STM1 port. Therefore, when redundancy is used, only one mapping is required, because the ports must have identical configurations for line redundancy to work. The mapping can be configured only on the primary port of an APS group (actually, the secondary port cannot be included in an APS group before its mapping is deleted).

Link capacity, mapping, and redundancy options are summarized in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1. Summary of Mapping, Link Capacity, and Redundancy Options

Number of

STM1

Modules

Telecom Buses Served by

Module in Slot I/O 7

Telecom Buses Served by Module

in Slot I/O 9 Link Capacity and

Redundancy Options Port 1 Port 2 Port 1 Port 2

1 Telecom Bus A Telecom Bus B – – 2 × STM-1, no redundancy

1 – – Telecom Bus A Telecom Bus B 1 × STM-1 with redundancy

(one APS group)

Note


3-4 Configuring External STM-1 Port Parameters STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

Number of

STM1

Modules

Telecom Buses Served by

Module in Slot I/O 7

Telecom Buses Served by Module

in Slot I/O 9 Link Capacity and

Redundancy Options Port 1 Port 2 Port 1 Port 2

2 Telecom Bus A Telecom Bus B Telecom Bus A Telecom Bus B

2 × STM-1, with redundancy

(two APS groups: one for

ports 1, one for ports 2)

3.3 Configuring STM1 Operating Mode

The operating mode of the STM1 module is configured by means of a single parameter, located on the Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9) screen:

Operation Mode Selects the SDH operating mode of the module. The only option supported by the current Gmux-2000 software version is Dual Mode. In this mode, the module operates as an SDH terminal multiplexer (TM), and both STM1 ports can be used.

This is also the default selection.

3.4 Configuring External STM-1 Port Parameters

Table 3-2 lists the physical layer configuration parameters of the external STM-1 ports.

Note that when an APS group is configured on the external ports, only the primary port in the APS group needs to be configured (the configuration data is automatically copied to the other port).

For the supervisory terminal, the physical layer configuration parameters are reached under Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9)>STM-1 Port screen.

To configure STM1 port physical layer parameters:

1. Select the desired port number, 1 or 2, in the STM Port field.

2. Select the desired port parameters values in accordance with Table 3-2.

Table 3-2. External STM-1 Port Configuration Parameters

Parameter Function Values

Connect State Controls the connection of the external port

to the internal telecom buses.

See the STM1 Configuration Guidelines section

CONNECTED – The corresponding port is

connected, and can carry traffic.

NC – The corresponding port is not

connected.

Default: NC


STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Configuring Internal VC-4 Port Parameters 3-5


AIS on Fail Controls AIS sending when one or more of

the following SDH fault conditions is present:

• LOS (loss of SDH signal)

• LOF (loss of SDH frame)

• TIM (failure of internal timing generator)

• SSF (synchronization source failure)

ENABLE – AIS is sent in case one the listed

fault conditions is present.

DISABLE – AIS sending is disabled.

Default: ENABLE

EED Threshold Selects the BER value, which if exceeded

results in the generation of the error rate

degradation alarm

The available selections are 10E-3 (BER

threshold of 10-3), 10E-4 (10-4) or 10E-5

(10-5).

Default: 10E-3 (BER of 10-3)

SD Threshold Selects the BER value, which if exceeded

results in the generation of the

signal-degraded alarm


threshold of 10-6), 10E-7 (10-7), 10E-8 (10-8) or

10E-9 (10-9).


Clock Mode Selects the timing reference source used by

the STM1 port for the transmit-to-network

direction.

The two ports of the same module must use

the same timing reference source

LBT – Loopback timing: the transmit timing

is locked to the clock recovered from the

port transmit signal.

INT – Internal timing mode: the transmit

timing reference is an internal oscillator.

Default: LBT

3.5 Configuring Internal VC-4 Port Parameters

Table 3-3 lists the physical layer configuration parameters for the internal VC-4 ports (each external STM1 port has an associated VC-4 port).

Note that when an APS group is configured on the external ports, only the VC-4 associated with the primary external STM-1 port in the APS group needs to be configured (the configuration data is automatically copied to the other port).

For the supervisory terminal, the physical layer configuration parameters are reached under Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9)>VC4 Channel screen:

To configure internal VC-4 port physical layer parameters:

1. Select the desired port number, 1 or 2, in the VC4 Channel field.

2. Select the desired port parameters values in accordance with Table 3-3.


3-6 Configuring Internal VC-4 Port Parameters STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

Table 3-3. Internal VC-4 Port Configuration Parameters


Connect State Controls the connection of the VC-4 port to

the corresponding internal telecom bus (see

Table 3-1)

CONNECTED – The corresponding VC-4 port

is connected to the telecom bus, and can

carry traffic. This selection is relevant only

when the corresponding external port is

also connected.

NC – The corresponding VC-4 port is not

connected.

Default: CONNECTED

AIS & RDI on

Signal Label

Controls the sending of AIS and RDI

indications by the port, in case the received

signal label (SDH overhead byte C2) is

different from the expected signal label

ENABLE – AIS and RDI are sent when a

signal label mismatch is detected.

DISABLE – AIS and RDI are not sent when


Nevertheless, AIS and RDI are still sent in

case of LOP (loss of pointer) or unequipped signal label condition.

Default: DISABLE

AIS & RDI on

Path Trace

Controls the sending of AIS and RDI

indications by the port, in case the received

path trace label (carried in SDH overhead

byte J1) is different from the expected path

trace label

ENABLE – AIS and RDI are sent in case a


DISABLE – AIS and RDI are not sent when a


Nevertheless, AIS and RDI are still sent in

case a LOP (loss of pointer) or unequipped signal label condition is detected.

Default: DISABLE

J1 Tx Path Trace Controls the sending of the path trace label

(carried in byte J1 of the SDH overhead) by

the port

ENABLE – The path trace label is sent.

DISABLE – No path trace label is sent.

Default: DISABLE

J1 Rx Path Trace Controls the checking of the received path

trace label by the port ENABLE – Path trace label is checked.

DISABLE – Path trace label is not checked.

Default: DISABLE

J1 Path Trace Specifies the path trace label.

This parameter is relevant only when J1 Tx

Path Trace and/or J1 Rx Path Trace is enabled

Alphanumeric string of 15 characters. Make

sure to configure all the 15 characters; if

necessary, pad using spaces.

Default: Empty string

EED Threshold Selects the BER value, which if exceeded

results in the generation of the error rate

degradation alarm for the port


threshold of 10-3), 10E-4 (10-4), 10E-5

(10-5).


SD Threshold Selects the BER value, which if exceeded

results in the generation of the

signal-degraded alarm for the port


threshold of 10-6), 10E-7 (10-7), 10E-8 (10-8)

or 10E-9 (10-9).



STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Internal Payload Mapping 3-7


Telecom

Assignment

Opens the mapping screen for the selected

VC-4

See Section 3.6

3.6 Internal Payload Mapping

The STM1 module enables free mapping of any internal E1 payload port to any TU-12 within a selected VC-4.

Internal E1 payload ports are located on circuit emulation server modules (E1-CE-SRV/21), pseudowire emulation server modules (E1-PW-SRV/21), and voice compression modules (VC-E1/12, VC-E1/16) using internal ports (US_NS, US_NE, and UE_NS).

During mapping, the telecom bus used to carry payload between the E1 port and the TU-12 is also selected, and therefore mapping also specifies the utilization of the Gmux-2000 internal telecom buses. See STM1 Configuration Guidelines for guidelines.

Note that when an APS group is configured on the external ports, only the mapping to the VC-4 channel associated with the primary external STM-1 port of the group needs to be configured (the configuration data is automatically copied to the secondary VC-4 port).

The mapping is performed by selecting the following parameters:

• Payload port. The payload port is specified by the I/O slot number of its module, and the number of the internal port on that module.

• TU-12 number. In accordance with the SDH multiplexing structure, the VC-4 structure carries 63 TU-12s, organized as three TUG-3s. Each TUG-3 carries 7 TUG-2s, each carrying three TU-12s. This structure is illustrated in Figure 3-1.

• Signal flow parameters. The signal flow is controlled by two parameters:

Add – selects the telecom bus used to carry payload in the transmit direction (from the selected payload port to the TU-12 sent to the SDH network). The following options are available:

NC – not connected

A or B – connected via telecom bus A, respectively B. The appropriate bus is automatically selected in accordance with the number of the port: A for port 1 and B for port 2.

Drop – selects the telecom bus used to carry payload in the receive direction (from the TU-12 received from the SDH network to the selected payload port). The available options are identical to the Add options.

The mapping is bidirectional and therefore any selection made for Add is automatically copied to the Drop field, and vice versa (the last selection governs).


3-8 Internal Payload Mapping STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

63

1

21

22

42

43TUG-2 No. 1

TUG-2 No. 2

TUG-2 No. 3

TUG-2 No. 4

TUG-2 No. 5

TUG-2 No. 6

TUG-2 No. 7

TUG-3 No. 1 TUG-3 No. 2 TUG-3 No. 3

Figure 3-1. SDH Multiplexing Structure

On the supervision terminal, mapping is performed by means of Config>Physical Layer>I/O (7 or 9)>VC4 Channel>Telecom Assignment.

To perform mapping:

1. Select the desired VC-4 port number, 1 or 2, in the VC4 Channel field.

2. Select Telecom Assignment.

3. Move the cursor to the desired TU-12 position. This may be located on another page of the Telecom Assignment screen, so scroll down as required.

4. Type 1: Change Cell and then enter the desired payload port location, in the format Slot/Port.

A payload port can be mapped to only one port in the whole Gmux-2000 chassis.

5. Move the cursor to the Add row in the same column, and change the selection:

To unmap, select NC

To map, select A or B.

6. The same selection automatically appears in the Drop row of the same column. If you change the Drop selection, the Add selection is also changed.

7. Repeat the procedure until all the desired payload ports are mapped.

Note


STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Configuring STM1 Redundancy 3-9

3.7 Configuring STM1 Redundancy

Two external ports of an STM1 module can be configured to operate in the 1+1 unidirectional protection (redundancy) mode. In this mode, the same traffic is transmitted in parallel by the two ports at one side, and the receive side selects the best signal and connects it to the internal receive path of the corresponding telecom bus. Therefore, at any time only one of the ports is actively receiving traffic.

APS is supported by STM1 hardware version 2.10B and higher.

A description of STM1 port redundancy is given in Chapter 1.

The recovery mode (revertive or non-revertive), and the restoration time in the revertive mode, can be selected in accordance with the application requirements.

Redundancy is configured by defining an APS (Automatic Protection Switching) group on the appropriate STM1 ports. Refer to the STM1 Configuration Guidelines section for configuration information.

Since Gmux-2000 supports two STM1 modules, two APS groups with STM1 ports can be configured in each Gmux-2000 chassis.

For the supervisory terminal, use Config>System>Redundancy>I/O.

After configuring an APS group, you can display its status using Inventory>Redundancy>I/O, and can change the active port using Diagnostics>I/O>APS Commands.

Configuring 1+1 Unidirectional APS Mode

1. Add a new APS group.

For the supervisory terminal, use Config>System>Redundancy>I/O, and select Add. The new APS group is automatically assigned the next free index (ID) number, in the range of 1 to 16.

Alternatively, use the APS ID field on Config>System>Redundancy>I/O to select an existing APS group that can be reconfigured in accordance with the prescribed parameters.

2. Configure the APS group parameters, using the APS Configuration field on Config>System>Redundancy>I/O. Refer to Table 3-4 for description of APS configuration parameters.

Table 3-4. APS Configuration Parameters


Name Used to assign a logical name to the APS

group

Alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters.


Note


3-10 Configuring STM1 Redundancy STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2


Config Mode Selects the APS configuration.

Refer to Chapter 1 for details on

supported APS configurations, and their

characteristics

NONE – Cancels the protection function.

1:1 (BIDIRECT) – 1+1 bidirectional protection

mode. This mode is not supported by STM1

modules.

1+1 (UNIDIRECT) – 1+1 unidirectional protection

mode.

802.3AD – Link aggregation per IEEE 802.3ad

without LACP. This mode is not supported by

STM1 modules.

N+1 – N+1 protection for I/O modules. This

mode is relevant for STM1 modules, but is not

configured as part of STM1 configuration

activities.

Default: NONE

Recovery Mode Selects the recovery (service restoration)

mode

NON-REVERTIVE – After redundancy flipping, the

STM1 module will not automatically flip back to

the original port when it returns to normal

operation. Flipping will occur again only in case

the currently active port fails, or its weighted

alarm index (see Chapter 1) is higher (worse)

than that of the original STM-1 port.

REVERTIVE – After redundancy flipping, the

STM1 module will automatically flip back to the

original STM-1 port when it returns to normal

operation (that is, when its weighted alarm

index is at most equal to that of the currently

active port).

Default: NON-REVERTIVE

Time to Restore

in sec

When the recovery mode is REVERTIVE,

this parameter specifies the time following

the last protection switching (flipping)

during which alarms are ignored.

Therefore, the module starts evaluating

the criteria for protection switching

(flipping) only after this interval expires.

This ensures that another flipping cannot

occur before the specified interval expires.

This field can be changed only when the

recovery mode is REVERTIVE; in the

NON-REVERTIVE mode, the field always

displays 0

The supported range is 120 to 720 seconds.

Default: 120

STM SD Flip

Criterion

Used to select whether to take the SD

condition into consideration when

calculating the weighted alarm index.

The SD threshold is configured as part of

the VC-4 channel parameters

ENABLE – The SD condition is used.

DISABLE – The SD condition is ignored.

Default: ENABLE



3. Configure the APS group mapping, using the APS Mapping field on Config>System>Redundancy>I/O. Refer to Table 3-5 for a description of APS mapping parameters, and to the Redundancy section for redundancy configuration guidelines.

Make sure to configure exactly two channels in the group (the maximum possible number of entries in an APS group is 7, but this maximum is not applicable to STM1 modules).

The first port configured in the APS group serves as the primary port. All the payload ports using this STM1 module port must be mapped only to the primary port.

Each configured channel appears in a table:

Initially, the table is empty. Select Add to display the channel data form, and specify one of the external ports of the STM1 module as channel 1.

After configuring the first channel, select Add again: the second channel is automatically assigned the next number, 2. The additional channel that can be configured as channel 2 depends on the number of STM1 modules installed in the Gmux-2000 chassis:

One STM1 module: you must specify the other external port of the STM1 module.

Two STM1 modules: you must specify the same external port of the other STM1 module.

Table 3-5. APS Mapping Parameters


CH Num Indicates the index number of the channel in

this APS group

The maximum range is 1 to 7. Only 1 and 2

are valid selections.


Interface Selects the STM1 external port that is to

serve each channel

Enter the STM1 I/O slot number, and the

prescribed external STM1 port. Use a slash

to separate the two numbers.

Default: 0/0

Priority Specifies the channel priority within this APS

group

HIGH – High priority. If a similar problem

occurs on both ports, the APS group will

switch traffic to the low priority port.

Gmux-2000 will generate an alarm when

protection switching occurs, to indicate the

priority of the selected active port.

LOW – Low priority.

Default: LOW

4. After configuring two channels, the configuration of the APS group is complete, and redundancy is activated as soon as the Gmux-2000 database is updated.

Note



If you include more than two channels in an APS group, it is not possible to delete undesired channels. The only way to correct the error is to delete the whole APS group, and then reconfigure it.

Displaying Information on APS Groups

The information that can be displayed on APS groups includes:

• Information on APS interfaces

• The status of each defined APS group, including the last flip events.

Displaying Information on APS Interfaces

To display information on APS interfaces, use Inventory>Redundancy>I/O>APS Interfaces.

The information is presented as a table that lists all the programmed interfaces that are included in APS groups. For the current version, this includes the STM1 module ports, GbE module ports, circuit emulation server modules (E1-CE-SRV/21), pseudowire emulation server modules (E1-PW-SRV/21), and voice compression modules (VC-E1/12, VC-E1/16) using the internal ports (US_NS) mode.

Each interface is identified by the I/O slot number followed by the port number within the I/O slot (the two numbers are separated by a slash; a 0 port number indicates I/O modules included in an N+1 protection group, or module redundancy)). For each interface, the following parameters are displayed:

Online Displays whether the corresponding interface is online, that is, carries traffic:

• YES – The interface is included in an APS group, and carries traffic.

• NO – The interface is included in an APS group, but does not carry traffic.

APS ID The index number of the APS group in which the corresponding interface is mapped.

The range is 1 to 16.

Channel Status Displays the port state:

• Up – The port is enabled, and operating OK.

• Down – The port is down or is not configured as Connected.

The information displayed in the table is correct at the time the table is retrieved from the Gmux-2000: to refresh, you must read again the table.

Displaying APS Group Status

To display information on APS interfaces, use Inventory>Redundancy>I/O>APS Status.

Note



The information is presented as a table that lists all the programmed APS groups. For each group, the following parameters are displayed:

APS ID The index number of the APS group.

APS Name The assigned APS group name.

Flip Cause Displays the cause of the last protection switching (flipping). The following causes may appear for an APS group defined on the STM1 module:

• No Flip – No protection switching took place.

• Link Down – Loss of signal.

• Card not Exist – Module has been removed.

• HW Failure – Hardware failure.

• Forced Flip – Switching initiated by a user’s command (this command is sent by means of Diagnostics>I/O>APS Commands>Force Flip).

• Revert Flip – The original port has returned to normal operation, and traffic has been switched back.

• Priority Flip – The port or module configured as the High priority channel of the group has returned to normal operation, and traffic has been switched back to it. This cause may appear only when the Revertive mode is used.

• Unknown – Cause of switching could not be determined.

APS Switched Channel Displays the channel to which the protection switched the traffic, in the format Slot/ Port (for module redundancy, and for an I/O module included in an N+1 protection group the Port field is 0).

Flip Time The Gmux-2000 system time at which flipping occurred.

The status information displayed in the table is correct at the time the table is retrieved from the Gmux-2000: to refresh, you must read again the table.

Controlling the On-line STM1 Port/Module in an APS Group

At any time only one of the STM1 ports is on-line. When both ports are up, it is possible to command the STM1 module to flip to the other port using the following procedure:

1. On Diagnostics>I/O>APS Commands, select the desired APS ID, in the range of 1 to 16.

2. Select the Interface to which the command will be sent, by entering the STM1 module I/O slot and the desired port number (separate the two numbers by a slash).



3. Select the Command:

To flip, select Force Flip.

The default is Normal Operation: after a Force Flip command, you can return to the previous port (the port automatically selected by the redundancy mechanism) by means of this command.

4. When ready, send the command by selecting Activate Command.

The command will be executed only if the other port is Up.

When using the non-revertive recovery mode, the Force Flip command provides a convenient means to select the active port.

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 STM1 Diagnostic Functions 4-1

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

4.1 Introduction

This Chapter explains the module-specific diagnostic functions of the STM1 module. The Chapter also includes troubleshooting instructions.

The alarm messages generated by the STM1 modules are explained in the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual.

The diagnostic information presented in this Chapter supplements the general Gmux-2000 diagnostics instructions contained in the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual.

If you need additional support for this product, see Section 4.4 for technical support information.

4.2 STM1 Diagnostic Functions

The STM1 module supports local and remote loopbacks on its external STM-1 ports. These loopbacks are controlled by means of the Diagnostics menu.

This section describes the STM1 module loopbacks.

Local STM-1 Port Loopback

The local STM-1 port loopback returns the recovered STM-1 receive signal provided by the STM-1 transceiver of the tested port toward the equipment connected to the local STM-1 port. The loopback is activated at the line side of the STM-1 framer.

Figure 4-1 shows the signal paths when a local STM-1 port loopback is activated. The test signal is provided by the equipment connected to the local STM-1 port, that must receive its own transmission. While the loopback is activated, the local STM-1 port continues sending the received payload to the Gmux-2000 telecom buses, for transmission through the packet network to the equipment at the remote end of the link.

This test checks the connections to the local STM-1 port, including the transmission plant connecting the local equipment to the STM1 module, and the STM-1 transceiver of the STM1 module.

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

4-2 STM1 Diagnostic Functions STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

STM1 Module

STM-1Transceiver

ToTelecomBuses

STM-1Framer

RX

TX

Figure 4-1. Local Loopback on External STM-1 Port

Remote STM-1 Port Loopback

The remote STM-1 port loopback connects the STM-1 transmit signal generated by the STM-1 framer of the port, to the receive input of the framer. This returns the STM-1 signal toward the equipment at the remote end of the link.

Figure 4-2 shows the signal paths when a remote STM-1 port loopback is activated.

STM1 Module

STM-1Transceiver

ToTelecomBuses

STM-1Framer

RX

TX

Figure 4-2. Remote Loopback on External STM-1 Port

While the loopback is activated, the local STM-1 port continues sending the transmit signal to the STM-1 line.

The test signal is provided by the remote equipment whose payload is routed to the tested STM-1 port: that equipment must receive its own transmission.

This test fully checks the operation of the local STM1 port, except for the STM-1 line interface (transceiver); it also checks the Gmux-2000 signal paths that end at the corresponding STM1 port, including the transmission through the packet network connecting the remote equipment to the Gmux-2000.

Loopbacks on STM1 Ports Included in APS Groups

The loopbacks described above are also available for STM1 ports included in APS groups. Note the following issues:

• Loopbacks can be activated on any port, irrespective of its status in the APS group (on-line or off-line). Note however that the activation of a loopback on the on-line port may cause flipping to the other (off-line) port

• When protection switching (flipping) occurs between ports, any loopback activated on the previous on-line port is automatically deactivated, and its configuration is deleted. Therefore:

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2 Troubleshooting Instructions 4-3

The loopback activated on the previous on-line port is not transferred to the new on-line port

When flipping back to the original on-line port, the loopback is not reactivated, unless a new loopback command is issued.

4.3 Troubleshooting Instructions

Preliminary Troubleshooting Instructions

If the problem is detected the first time the STM1 module is put into operation, perform the following preliminary checks before proceeding:

1. Check for proper module installation and correct cable connections, in accordance with the system installation plan.

2. Check the module configuration parameters in accordance with the specific application requirements, as provided by the system administrator.

3. If the Gmux-2000 nodal clock is to be locked to the clock recovered from one of the ports of the STM1 module, check the following parameters:

Make sure that the two STM-1 ports of the same STM1 module use the same clock mode

Make sure that a suitable fallback clock source is configured, and that it provides a good clock signal. In particular, make sure that when STM1 ports are included in an APS group, then if the primary port serves as master clock source, the secondary port must be configured as the fallback clock source.

Systematic Troubleshooting Instructions

In case a problem occurs, check the displayed alarm messages and refer to Chapter 7 of the Gmux-2000 Installation and Operation Manual for their interpretation.

If after collecting all the relevant information, the problem appears to be related to an STM1 module, or one of its ports, perform the actions listed below, until the problem is corrected:

1. Make sure that the ACT indicator of the module is ON, and that the module FLT indicator is off. If the FLT indicator lights, replace the STM1 module.

2. If the LOSS LOC indicator of an STM1 module port lights, the problem is probably external. Check the port cable connections and any transmission equipment providing the link to the STM-1 equipment connected to the local port.

3. If the equipment connected to a local STM1 module port reports loss of signal, or the LOSS REM indicator of the STM1 module port lights, activate the local STM-1 port loopback. If the problem disappears while the loop is activated, replace the STM1 module.

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

4-4 Technical Support STM1 GM-2000 Ver. 3.2

4. Check the link from a local STM-1 port to the port at the remote Gmux-2000 unit by activating the remote STM-1 port loopback at the local Gmux-2000 unit.

If the test fails, there is a problem with the transmission through the network, or with the STM1 modules. Repeat the test after carefully checking all the configuration parameters of the module and its ports. If the problem persists, replace the module and check again.

4.4 Technical Support

Technical support for this product can be obtained from the local distributor from whom it was purchased.

For further information, please contact the RAD distributor nearest you or one of RAD's offices worldwide. This information can be found at www.rad.com (offices – About RAD > Worldwide Offices; distributors – Where to Buy > End Users).

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24 Raoul Wallenberg Street, Tel Aviv 69719, Israel

Tel: +972-3-6458181, Fax +972-3-6483331, +972-3-6498250

E-mail: [email protected], Web site: http://www.rad.com

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