PRESENTING BYAJMAL.AK

REG.NO-13021899

STIRLING ENGINE

Inventor = ROBERT STIRLING (1790 - 1878)

Sought to replace the steam turbines of his days due to frequent explosion caused by unsustainable high pressure killing and injuring workers

Invented STIRLING ENGINE in 1816 which could not explode and produce more power then the steam engine used.

HISTORY

• A device which converts one form of energy into mechanical energy is called engine.

• Engine was originally a term for any mechanical device that converts force into motion.

• In modern usage, the term engine typically describes devices, like steam engines and internal combustion engines, that burn or otherwise consume fuel to perform mechanical work by exerting torque or linear force.

• Engine has made a great contribution to human comforts and to tremendous progress of industry.

INTRODUCTION

STIRLING ENGINE ?.............

Device that converts heat energy to mechanical power by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed quantity of working fluid at different temperatures.

Regeneration as alternative.

WHY STIRLING ENGINE ?.....

Best teaching and learning device for any engineering students especially in the field of thermodynamics.

Unique technology.

An innovation with hundreds of application.

An innovation with a mission to save the earth.

Fuel independency.

MAIN COMPONENTS…….

Power piston – small tightly sealed piston that moves up when the gas inside the engine expands

Displacer – larger piston and it is very loose in its cylinder so air can move easily between the heated and cooled sections of the engine as the displacer moves up and down

These piston move by the action of compression and

expansion

Difference in pressure causes the piston to move and produce power.

COMMON CONFIGRATION

WORKING……..

GAMMAMECHANICAL CONFUGURATION

THE STIRLING CYCLE

Process breakdown

For STIRLING ENGINE with regenerationFor STIRLING ENGINEwithout regeneration

Materials used in the shop.

Q -k A (dT) t dx

= Heat Conduction Equation

k = Thermal Conductivityα = Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Stainless Stealk = 15.9 (W / m*K)α = 16E-6 (°C-1)

Brassk = 120 (W / m*K)α = 20.0E-6 (°C-1)

DisplacerCylinder

DisplacerPiston

EFFICIENCY

Theoretically STIRLING ENGINE efficiency = Carnot efficiency Unfortunately working fluid or gas is not ideal this causes

the efficiency to be lower than Carnot efficiency.

In fact, STIRLING ENGINE efficiency depends on Temperature ratio (proportionally) Pressure ratio (inversely proportionally) Specific heat ratio (inversely proportionally)

ADVANTAGES…….

Various heat sources (solar, geothermal, nuclear energy, waste heat, biological)

Environmental friendly Heat is external and the burning of a fuel-air mixture can be

more accurately controlled.Operates at relatively low pressure and thus are much safer

than typical steam turbines Less manpower needed to operate any type of commercial

STIRLING ENGINE.Highest thermal efficiency

– Difference in temperature– Full regeneration, 100% efficiency

DIS-ADVANTAGES…

• Low Power to weight ratio– Impractical for motion

• Internal combustion– Practical for motion

• Production costs– No large scale construction

APPLICATIONS…..….…….

WATER PUMP STATIONSCOMBINED HEAT & POWER PLANTSOLAR POWER GENERATIONSTIRLING CYROCOOLERSHEAT PUMPMARINE ENGINESNUCLEAR POWERAIRCRAFT ENGINES

WATER POWER STATION

A STIRLING ENGINE used for pumping water can be configured so that the water cools at the compression space. This is most effective when pumping cold water.

Any STIRLING ENGINE can also work in reverse as a heat pump. When a motion is applied to the shaft, a temperature difference appears between the reservoirs.

Replacing the steam turbines of the nuclear power plant with STIRLING ENGINE might simplify the plant, yield greater efficiency, and reduce the radioactivity by products.

STIRLING CYROCOOLERS

NUCLEAR POWER

AVIATION

The main reasons these engines are needed in Aviation is because their motor is silent. Smooth torque and lack of vibrations.Aviation is the last major user of leaded fuel, STIRLING ENGINE produce less pollution.

2 DAY STIRLING ENGINESTIRLING ENGINE are used in our everyday lives.

STIRLING ENGINE are used in refrigerators.

Liquefied gases founded in welding supply company are made in STIRLING ENGINE.

The satellite weather channel uses a tiny STIRLING CYROCOOLERS to cool the image sensor to near absolute zero.

CONCLUSIONUnlimited source of heat sourcePolitical awareness of green heat and power production.Large market experiencing rapid growth.Many different possible applications.Time to change.

ANY QUESTIONS ???

ByAJMAL AK