Steven jobs

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Steve Jobs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Steve Jobs Jobs holding a white iPhone 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010 Born Steven Paul Jobs February 24, 1955 [1] San Francisco, California , U.S. [1] Residence Palo Alto, California, U.S. [2] Nationality American Alma mater Reed College (dropped out in 1972) Occupation Chairman and CEO , Apple Inc. [3] Salary $ 1 [4] [5] [6] [7] Net worth $8.3 billion (2011) [8] Board member of The Walt Disney Company [9] Religion Buddhism [10] Spouse Laurene Powell (1991–present) Children 4 Signature Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is an American business magnate and inventor . He is the co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs also previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios ; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney. He was credited in the 1995 movie Toy Story as an executive producer . [11] In the late 1970s, Jobs, with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak , Mike Markkula , [12] and others, designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal
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Page 1: Steven jobs

Steve Jobs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSteve Jobs

Jobs holding a white iPhone 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010

Born Steven Paul Jobs

February 24, 1955 [1]

San Francisco, California, U.S.[1]

Residence Palo Alto, California, U.S.[2]

Nationality American

Alma mater Reed College(dropped out in 1972)

Occupation Chairmanand CEO, Apple Inc. [3]

Salary $1[4][5][6][7]

Net worth $8.3 billion (2011)[8]

Board member of The Walt Disney Company [9]

Religion Buddhism [10]

Spouse Laurene Powell(1991–present)

Children 4

Signature

Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is an American business magnate and

inventor. He is the co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs also previously

served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of

directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney. He

was credited in the 1995 movie Toy Story as an executive producer.[11]

In the late 1970s, Jobs, with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula,[12] and others,

designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal

computers, the Apple II series. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial

potential of the mouse-driven graphical user interface which led to the creation of the Macintosh.[13][14] After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1984, [15][16] Jobs resigned from

Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher

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education and business markets. Apple's subsequent 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to

the company he co-founded, and he has served as its CEO since 1997.

In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd which was spun off as Pixar

Animation Studios.[17] He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1% until its acquisition

by The Walt Disney company in 2006.[3] Consequently Jobs became Disney's largest individual

shareholder at 7% and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.[18][19][20][21]

Jobs' history in business has contributed much to the symbolic image of the idiosyncratic,

individualistic Silicon Valley entrepreneur, emphasizing the importance of design and

understanding the crucial role aesthetics play in public appeal. His work driving forward the

development of products that are both functional and elegant has earned him a devoted following.[22]

Contents

1 Early years

2 Career

2.1 Beginnings of Apple Computer

2.2 NeXT Computer

2.3 Pixar and Disney

2.4 Return to Apple

3 Business life

3.1 Wealth

3.2 Stock options backdating issue

3.3 Management style

3.4 Inventions

4 Personal life

4.1 Health concerns

5 Honors

6 In popular culture

7 See also

8 Notes

9 References

10 External links

10.1 Articles

10.2 Interviews

Early years

Steve Jobs at the WWDC 07

Jobs was born in San Francisco, California [1] and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs (née

Hagopian)[23] of Mountain View, California, who named him Steven Paul. Paul and Clara later

adopted a daughter, who they named Patti. Jobs' biological parents — Abdulfattah Jandali, a

Syrian [24] graduate student who later became a political science professor,[25] and Joanne Simpson,

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an American graduate student[24] who went on to become a speech language pathologist [26] — later

married, giving birth to and raising Jobs' biological sister, the novelist Mona Simpson.[27][28][29][30][31]

[32]

Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High School and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California,[22] and frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California.

He was soon hired there and worked with Steve Wozniak as a summer employee.[33] In 1972, Jobs

graduated from high school and enrolled in Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he

dropped out after only one semester,[34] he continued auditing classes at Reed, such as one in

calligraphy, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money,

and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple.[16] Jobs later stated, "If I had never

dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or

proportionally spaced fonts."[16]

In the autumn of 1974, Jobs returned to California and began attending meetings of the Homebrew

Computer Club with Wozniak. He took a job as a technician at Atari, a manufacturer of popular

video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India.

Jobs then traveled to India with a Reed College friend (and, later, the first Apple employee),

Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. He came back a Buddhist with his head

shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing.[35][36] During this time, Jobs experimented with

psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had]

done in [his] life".[37] He has stated that people around him who did not share his countercultural

roots could not fully relate to his thinking.[37]

Jobs returned to his previous job at Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the

game Breakout. According to Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari had offered US$100 for each

chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest or knowledge in circuit board

design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could

minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of

chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. At the time,

Jobs told Wozniak that Atari had only given them $700 (instead of the actual $5000) and that

Wozniak's share was thus $350.[38][39][40][41][42][43]

Career

Beginnings of Apple Computer

See also: History of Apple

Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007.

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In 1976, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne,[44] with later funding from a then-semi-

retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer A.C. "Mike" Markkula Jr.,[12] founded

Apple. Prior to co-founding Apple, Wozniak was an electronics hacker. Jobs and Wozniak had

been friends for several years, having met in 1971, when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez,

introduced 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. Steve Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in

assembling a computer and selling it. As Apple continued to expand, the company began looking

for an experienced executive to help manage its expansion.

In 1978, Apple recruited Mike Scott from National Semiconductor to serve as CEO for what

turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Steve Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-

Cola to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or

do you want to come with me and change the world?"[45][46] The following year, Apple aired a

Super Bowl television commercial titled "1984." At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on

January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience;

Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium."[47] The Macintosh became the first

commercially successful small computer with a graphical user interface. The development of the

Mac was started by Jef Raskin, and eventually taken over by Jobs.

While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that

time had described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. An industry-wide sales slump

towards the end of 1984 caused a deterioration in Jobs's working relationship with Sculley, and at

the end of May 1985 – following an internal power struggle and an announcement of significant

layoffs – Sculley relieved Jobs of his duties as head of the Macintosh division.[48]

NeXT Computer

See also: NeXT

Around the same time, Jobs founded another computer company, NeXT Computer. Like the Apple

Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced; however, it was largely dismissed by

industry as cost-prohibitive. Among those who could afford it, however, the NeXT workstation

garnered a strong following because of its technical strengths, chief among them its object-

oriented software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the scientific and

academic fields because of the innovative, experimental new technologies it incorporated (such as

the Mach kernel, the digital signal processor chip, and the built-in Ethernet port).

The NeXTcube was described by Jobs as an "interpersonal" computer, which he believed was the

next step after "personal" computing. That is, if computers could allow people to communicate

and collaborate together in an easy way, it would solve many of the problems that "personal"

computing had come up against.

"1990 CERN: A Joint proposal for a hypertext system is presented to the management. Mike

Sendall buys a NeXT cube for evaluation, and gives it to Tim [Berners-Lee]. Tim's prototype

implementation on NeXTStep is made in the space of a few months, thanks to the qualities of the

NeXTStep software development system. This prototype offers WYSIWYG browsing/authoring!

Current Web browsers used in "surfing the Internet" are mere passive windows, depriving the user

of the possibility to contribute. During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find

a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken

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from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is

difficult to pronounce in French..." by Robert Cailliau, 2 November 1995. [49]

During a time when e-mail for most people was plain text, Jobs loved to demo the NeXT's e-mail

system, NeXTMail, as an example of his "interpersonal" philosophy. NeXTMail was one of the

first to support universally visible, clickable embedded graphics and audio within e-mail. Jobs ran

NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by such things as the NeXTcube's

magnesium case. This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after

having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the

release of NeXTSTEP/Intel.

Pixar and Disney

In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucasfilm's computer

graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as

capital.[50]

The new company, which was originally based at Lucasfilm's Kerner Studios in San Rafael,

California, but has since relocated to Emeryville, California, was initially intended to be a high-

end graphics hardware developer. After years of unprofitability selling the Pixar Image Computer,

it contracted with Disney to produce a number of computer-animated feature films, which Disney

would co-finance and distribute.

The first film produced by the partnership, Toy Story, brought fame and critical acclaim to the

studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next ten plus years, under Pixar's creative chief John

Lasseter, the company would produce the box-office hits A Bug's Life (1998), Toy Story 2 (1999),

Monsters, Inc. (2001), Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Cars (2006), Ratatouille

(2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009) and Toy Story 3 (2010). Finding Nemo, The Incredibles,

Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up and Toy Story 3 each received the Academy Award for Best Animated

Feature, an award introduced in 2001.

In the years 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney

chief executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership, [51] and in early 2004

Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films once its contract with

Disney expired.

In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up

relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had

agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. Once the deal closed, Jobs

became The Walt Disney Company's largest single shareholder with approximately 7% of the

company's stock.[18] Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceed those of Eisner, who holds 1.7%, and

Disney family member Roy E. Disney, who held about 1% of the company's stock and whose

criticisms of Eisner included the soured Pixar relationship and accelerated his ousting. Jobs joined

the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger.

Wikinews has related news: Disney buys Pixar

Jobs also helps oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses with a seat on a special

six-man steering committee.

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Return to Apple

Jobs on stage at Macworld Conference & Expo, San Francisco, January 11, 2005.

See also: "1998–2005: Return to profitability" in Apple Inc.

In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $429 million. The deal was finalized in late

1996,[52] bringing Jobs back to the company he had co-founded. He soon became Apple's interim

CEO after the directors lost confidence in and ousted then-CEO Gil Amelio in a boardroom coup.

In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs immediately

terminated a number of projects such as Newton, Cyberdog, and OpenDoc. In the coming months,

many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that

they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs' summary executions

were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company." [53] Jobs also

changed the licensing program for Macintosh clones, making it too costly for the manufacturers to

continue making machines.

With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products,

most notably NeXTSTEP, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance the company

increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then,

appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld

Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent

CEO. Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title 'iCEO.'[54]

In recent years, the company has branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital

appliances. With the introduction of the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software,

and the iTunes Store, the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution.

In 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a multi-

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touch display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile

browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While stimulating innovation, Jobs also

reminds his employees that "real artists ship",[55] by which he means that delivering working

products on time is as important as innovation and attractive design.

Jobs is both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship,

which has been dubbed the "reality distortion field" and is particularly evident during his keynote

speeches (colloquially known as "Stevenotes") at Macworld Expos and at Apple's own World

Wide Developers Conferences.

In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for e-waste in the U.S. by

lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's Annual Meeting in Cupertino in April.

However, a few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores.

The Computer TakeBack Campaign responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford

University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker. [16] The banner read "Steve

— Don't be a mini-player recycle all e-waste". In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling

programs to any U.S. customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and

"environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems.[56]

Business life

Wealth

As of October 2009, Jobs owned 5.426 million shares of Apple, most of which was granted in

2003 when Jobs was given 10 million shares. He also owned 138 million shares of Disney, which

he had received in exchange for Disney's acquisition of Pixar.[57] Forbes estimated his net wealth at

$5.1 billion in 2009, making him the 43rd wealthiest American.[58] After Bloomberg had

accidentally published Jobs' obituary in 2008, Arik Hesseldahl of BusinessWeek magazine noted

that "Jobs isn’t widely known for his association with philanthropic causes", compared to Bill

Gates' efforts.[59] After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate

philanthropy programs.[60]

Stock options backdating issue

In 2001, Steve Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with

an exercise price of $18.30, which allegedly should have been $21.10, thereby incurring taxable

income of $20,000,000 that he did not report as income. This indicated backdating. Apple

overstated its earnings by that same amount. If found liable, Jobs might have faced a number of

criminal charges and civil penalties. Apple claimed that the options were originally granted at a

special board meeting that may never have taken place. Furthermore, the investigation is focusing

on false dating of the options resulting in a retroactive $20 million increase in the exercise price.

The case is the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations, [61] though an

independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was

unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised

in 2003.[62] On July 1, 2008, a $7 billion class action suit was filed against several members of the

Apple Board of Directors for revenue lost due to the alleged securities fraud.[63][64]

Management style

Much has been made of Jobs' aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune wrote that he "is

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considered one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs."[65] Commentaries on his temperamental

style can be found in Mike Moritz's The Little Kingdom, one of the few authorized biographies of

Jobs; The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, by Alan Deutschman; and iCon: Steve Jobs, by Jeffrey S.

Young & William L. Simon.

Jef Raskin, a former colleague, once said that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of

France," alluding to Jobs' compelling and larger-than-life persona.[66]

Jobs has always aspired to position Apple and its products at the forefront of the information

technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in innovation and style. He summed

up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the Macworld Conference and Expo in

January 2007 by quoting ice hockey legend Wayne Gretzky:[67]

There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not

where it has been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And

we always will.

—Steve Jobs

Floyd Norman said that at Pixar, Jobs was a "mature, mellow individual" and never interfered with

the creative process of the filmmakers.[68]

In 2005, Steve Jobs banned all books published by John Wiley & Sons from Apple Stores in

response to their publishing an unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs.[69] In its 2010 annual

earnings report, Wiley said it had "closed a deal ... to make its titles available for the iPad."[70]

Inventions

Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in over 230 awarded patents or patent

applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user

interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps,

sleeves, lanyards and packages.[71][72]

Personal life

Jobs married Laurene Powell, on March 18, 1991. Presiding over the wedding was the Zen

Buddhist monk Kobun Chino Otogawa.[73] The couple have a son, Reed Paul Jobs,[74] and two

other children. Jobs also has a daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs (born 1978), from his relationship with

Bay Area painter Chrisann Brennan.[75] She briefly raised their daughter on welfare when Jobs

denied paternity, claiming that he was sterile; he later acknowledged paternity.[75]

In the unauthorized biography, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, author Alan Deutschman

reports that Jobs once dated Joan Baez. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs

from his time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez

in large measure because Baez had been the lover of Bob Dylan." In another unauthorized

biography, iCon: Steve Jobs by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon, the authors suggest that

Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it was unlikely the couple could

have children.

Jobs is also a Beatles fan. He has referenced them on more than one occasion at Keynotes and also

was interviewed on a showing of a Paul McCartney concert. When asked about his business model

on 60 Minutes, he replied:[76]

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My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative

tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts.

Great things in business are not done by one person, they are done by a team of people.

In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in The San Remo, an apartment building in New York City

with a politically progressive reputation, where Demi Moore, Steven Spielberg, Steve Martin, and

Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, daughter of Rita Hayworth, also had apartments. With the help of I.M.

Pei, Jobs spent years renovating his apartment in the top two floors of the building's north tower,

only to sell it almost two decades later to U2 frontman Bono. Jobs had never moved in.[77][78]

In 1984, Jobs purchased a 17,000-square-foot (1,600 m2), 14 bedroom Spanish Colonial mansion,

designed by George Washington Smith in Woodside, California, also known as Jackling House.

Although it reportedly remained in an almost unfurnished state, Jobs lived in the mansion for

almost ten years. According to reports, he kept an old BMW motorcycle in the living room, and let

Bill Clinton use it in 1998. Since the early 1990s, Jobs has lived in a house in the Old Palo Alto

neighborhood of Palo Alto. President Clinton dined with Jobs and 14 Silicon Valley CEOs there

August 7, 1996.[79]

He allowed the mansion to fall into a state of disrepair, planning to demolish the house and build a

smaller home on the property; but he met with complaints from local preservationists over his

plans. In June 2004, the Woodside Town Council gave Jobs approval to demolish the mansion, on

the condition that he advertise the property for a year to see if someone would move it to another

location and restore it. A number of people expressed interest, including several with experience in

restoring old property, but no agreements to that effect were reached. Later that same year, a local

preservationist group began seeking legal action to prevent demolition. In January 2007 Jobs was

denied the right to demolish the property, by a court decision. [80] The court decision was

overturned on appeal in March 2010 and the mansion was demolished beginning February 2011[81]

He usually wears a black long-sleeved mock turtleneck made by St. Croix, Levi's 501 blue jeans,

and New Balance 991 sneakers.[82] He is a pescetarian.[83]

His choice of car is a silver 2006 Mercedes SL 55 AMG, which has no licence plates.[84][85]

Jobs had a public war of words with Dell Computer CEO Michael Dell, starting when Jobs first

criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes."[86] On October 6, 1997, in a Gartner

Symposium, when Michael Dell was asked what he would do if he owned then-troubled Apple

Computer, he said "I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders." [87] In 2006,

Steve Jobs sent an email to all employees when Apple's market capitalization rose above Dell's.

The email read:[88]

Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's

stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be

different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve.

Health concerns

In mid-2004, Jobs announced to his employees that he had been diagnosed with a cancerous tumor

in his pancreas.[89] The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is usually very grim; Jobs, however, stated

that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumor.[89] After

initially resisting the idea of conventional medical intervention and embarking on a special diet to

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thwart the disease, Jobs underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (or "Whipple procedure") in July

2004 that appeared to successfully remove the tumor.[90][91] Jobs apparently did not require nor

receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy.[89][92] During Jobs' absence, Timothy D. Cook, head of

worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company.[89]

Jobs at the 2008 Macworld Conference & Expo.

In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual Worldwide Developers

Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery, [93][94] together

with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry

of media and internet speculation about his health.[95] In contrast, according to an Ars Technica

journal report, WWDC attendees who saw Jobs in person said he "looked fine";[96] following the

keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is robust."[97]

Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs' 2008 WWDC keynote address; [98] Apple officials

stated Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and that he was taking antibiotics,[99] while others

surmised his cachectic appearance was due to the Whipple procedure.[100] During a July conference

call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Steve Jobs'

health by insisting that it was a "private matter." Others, however, voiced the opinion that

shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs' hands-on approach to running his company. [101]

The New York Times published an article based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs,

noting that "while his health issues have amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug,' they

weren’t life-threatening and he doesn’t have a recurrence of cancer."[102]

On August 28, 2008, Bloomberg mistakenly published a 2500-word obituary of Jobs in its

corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers

customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known

figure's untimely death.) Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs

reported on it,[103][104][105] intensifying rumors concerning Jobs' health.[106] Jobs responded at Apple's

September 2008 Let's Rock keynote by quoting Mark Twain: "Reports of my death are greatly

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exaggerated";[107] at a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading

"110/70", referring to his blood pressure, stating he would not address further questions about his

health.[108]

On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president Phil Schiller would

deliver the company's final keynote address at the Macworld Conference and Expo 2009, again

reviving questions about Jobs' health.[109][110][111] In a statement given on January 5, 2009 on

Apple.com,[112] Jobs said that he had been suffering from a "hormone imbalance" for several

months.[113] On January 14, 2009, in an internal Apple memo, Jobs wrote that in the previous week

he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought" and

announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009 to allow him to better focus on

his health. Tim Cook, who had previously acted as CEO in Jobs' 2004 absence, became acting

CEO of Apple,[114] with Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions."[114]

In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at Methodist University Hospital Transplant

Institute in Memphis, Tennessee.[115][116] Jobs' prognosis was "excellent."[116]

On January 17, 2011, one and a half years after Jobs returned from his liver transplant, Apple

announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a

letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health." As during his

2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that

Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.[117][118]

On March 2, 2011 Steve Jobs made an appearance at the iPad 2 launch event.

Honors

He was awarded the National Medal of Technology from President Ronald Reagan in 1984 with

Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honor),[119] and a Jefferson Award for

Public Service in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under" (aka

the Samuel S. Beard Award) in 1987.[120]

On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by Fortune

Magazine.[121]

On December 5, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver

inducted Jobs into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History,

Women and the Arts.[122]

In August 2009, Jobs was selected the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers on a survey by

Junior Achievement.[123]

On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of the decade by Fortune Magazine.[124]

In November 2009 Jobs was ranked #57 on Forbes: The World's Most Powerful People.[125]

In December 2010, the Financial Times named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its

essay by stating, "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who once ran

Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to become a

wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed

and sold as a consumer product.' How wrong can you be".[126]

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In popular culture

Due to his young age, great wealth, and charisma, after Apple's founding Jobs became a symbol of

his company and industry. When Time named the computer as the 1982 "Machine of the Year", it

published a long profile of him as "the most famous maestro of the micro." [127][128] Jobs was

prominently featured in three films about the history of the personal computing industry:

Triumph of the Nerds — a 1996 three-part documentary for PBS, about the rise of the

home computer/personal computer.

Nerds 2.0.1 — a 1998 three-part documentary for PBS, (and sequel to Triumph of the

Nerds) which chronicles the development of the Internet.

Pirates of Silicon Valley — a 1999 docudrama which chronicles the rise of Apple and

Microsoft. He was portrayed by Noah Wyle.

See also