Steven B. Young - events.awma.orgevents.awma.org/GHG2011/Abstracts/Session 2/Abstract...
Transcript of Steven B. Young - events.awma.orgevents.awma.org/GHG2011/Abstracts/Session 2/Abstract...
Lessons learned from GHG measurement and reporting of technologies with ISO
14064 part 2pSteven B. Young
SummarySummary
• Method: ISO 14064 – part • Our examination of >50 p2 for GHG projects– “SMART” method part of
Canada early measures
technology projects– Power of the TRACCC
principlesCanada early measures – Originated from LCA
methods, CDM, and other efforts
principles– A logic to the standard’s
process on baselines vs. projectsefforts
– Serves as an excellent standard for offsets programs
projects – A spectrum of project
types, with challenges– Solutions to problems likeprograms
– Requires additional guidance to incorporate into a program
– Solutions to problems like de minimis
to a p og a
ISO 14064 – part 2 for GHG projectsOriginated from LCA methods, CDM, Canadian early measures and other ff
UNFCCC 1998Clean Development Mechanism
efforts
• TEAM $1 billion in funds to over 300 i i 131 Clean Development Mechanism
ISO 14040:1997Life Cycle AssessmentSMART 2002
Technology GHGs
300 companies in 131 projects• SMART method“System for measurement
GHG Protocol 2005
PAS 2050:2008Product Carbon
Footprint
and reporting of technologies”
GHG Protocol 2005Project guide
ISO 14064‐2:2006P j t tifi ti
Footprint
Project quantificationGHG Protocol 2011
Product guideImages: sourced as cited
ISO 14064‐2:2006 project‐level GHG standardISO 14064 2:2006 project level GHG standard
• Requires additional • Serves as an excellentRequires additional guidance to incorporate into a program
Serves as an excellent standard for offsets programs
– Timing
– System rules• “shalls”
• “shoulds”– Eligibility
– Relevance criteria
Etc
= auditable
– Etc.
ISO 14064‐2:2006P j t tifi tiProject quantification
Testing on hundreds of projects for g p jGHG technologies
(>50)(>50)
b dCarbon credits?
Images: SB Young and NRCan
Power of the TRACCC principles“true, faithful and fair account” (WRI/WBCSD 2004)
• Transparency • Completeness – clarity on what was done – assumptions, data choices,
potential limitations
– all necessary GHG’s and sources included
• Consistency• Relevance
– inclusion of information that is meaningful and
y– meaningful and even
approaches in measurement, reporting and verificationappropriate
• Accuracy– actual emissions are
and verification•• Conservativeness Conservativeness
–– overstatement overstatement is avoided is avoided i l ii l i f GHGf GHG i ii ireported
– reduces uncertainty and bias in results
in claims in claims of GHG of GHG emissions emissions reductionsreductionsAdditionality?Additionality?
ISO 14064‐2 5.1 General requirements 1
5.2 Describe project 2 ENSURE/CONFIRM 6 5.4 Determine baseline 4ti
a logical process for baselines
conservativenessadditionallityequivalence of service (5.5 d) comparability (5.5 e)
5.3 Identify project SSRs 3 7 5.5 Identify baseline SSRs 5controlled/owned, related, affected compare SSRs (5.5 c) controlled/owned, related, affected
CHECK:
vs. projects
CHECK:
ANSWER "NO"ANSWER "YES" = should not be identified
= relevant = not relevant5.6 Select relevant SSRs 8
A. Is the SSR changed from baseline to project?B. Is the SSR needed to determine the level of activity for
If the answer is "yes" to any of these criteria, the SSR is relevant:
Is the SSR controlled/owned, related or affected by the project?
• Describe project and its activities
• Determine baseline and activities
ANSWER "YES" ANSWER "NO"= relevant = not relevant
5.6 Select SSRs for monitoring 9
Apply "quantification method criteria"
other SSRs?C. Are direct GHG's known to be lower in the project SSR vs. the corresponding baseline SSR? (i.e. conservatively, the proponent may omit the SSR from measurement).
• Check TRACCC principles
• Compare functional equivalence– “apples to apples”
S l l SS ’
Apply quantification method criteria
IF ANSWER IS "NO" IF ANSWERS ARE "YES"= SSR is monitored = SSR is estimated
5.7 Quantifying GHGs #
Monitored regularly Estimated• Select relevant SSR’s– Process by process
– Criteria for relevance
• Monitor or estimate GHGs
Emission factor for the SSR is:
Level of activity for the SSR is:
Relevant principles for quantificationConservativenessCompleteAccurate
Empirically measured, calculated from mass/energy balance, OR evaluated based on experience or professional judgement
Empirically measured, sampled at appropriate intervals
Monitored regularly EstimatedDetermined from the literature, calculated, or evaluated from experience or professional judgement
Monitor or estimate GHGs
Images: Google images 2011
ProjectGHG technology assessmentBaseline
Exclude processes “not relevant” to the DELTA.i i h SO 1 06 2
ProjectBaseline
consistent with ISO 14064‐Part 2
N lNot relevant if:
hno change
Learnings: a spectrum of project typesg p p j yp
General challenges Protocol and program challenges
• Activity data availability• Emissions factors, relevance• Accuracy & uncertainty
3 types of technology projects • Project and Baseline on same site
– One owner controls activities, dataAccuracy & uncertainty• Documentation & transparency
– Easiest if incremental change from baseline
– E.g., landfill gas, manure, fossil fuel switch
• Baseline is remote to Project S b i i h l i– Substitutive technologies
– Baseline and project are asymmetrical • activity and ownership
– E.g., renewable energy on grid, energy efficiency, biofuels, materials recycling
• Reservoir and sinks projects – Require modeling of baseline emissions– Often complex time‐dependent biological
systems– E.g., forestry, agriculture no‐till soil carbon
Image: SB Young
de minimisde minimis
• Key challenge • Inherent contradiction– ISO 14064‐2 provides a
solution …
• Issue of cost and resources
– To determine negligibility, quantification is necessary
– Therefore why not include?!
for measurement• de minimis
– “Negligible”
• Solution lies in conservativeness principle:– Underestimate the real GHG– Negligible
• Emissions that can be omitted without compromising overall accuracy of the quantification
1%
Underestimate the real GHG reduction benefit
– To increase requires greater effort/cost – and increases
/• e.g., 1%
– What about aggregate?GHG reduction/benefit of credits
• Do it if it’s worth it
SummarySummary
• Method: ISO 14064 – part • Early testing on hundreds p2 for GHG projects– Originated from LCA
methods, CDM, and other
y gof technology projects
• Results >50 analysesP f th TRACCCmethods, CDM, and other
efforts– Canadian early measures
“SMART method
– Power of the TRACCC principles
– A logic to the standard’s b liSMART method
– Serves as an excellent standard for offsets projects
process on baselines vs. projects
– A spectrum of project t ith h llprojects
– Requires additional guidance to incorporate into a program
types, with challenges– Solutions to problems like
de minimisto a p og a