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STERILE PREPARATIONS AND

 ADMIXTURE PROGRAMSSARMIENTO

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INTRODUCTION

HIGH RISK MEDICATIONS-cause adverse drug events

-according to drug toxicity

-by administration route

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According to USP“the intravenous route of administration

often results in the most serious medicationerror outcomes”

INTRAVENOUSROUTE-most common in medication

errors

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 ADVANTAGES

•

Immediate action takes place• preferred in emergency

situations

• preferred for unconscious

patients.

• Titration of dose is possible.• Large volume of fluids might be

injected by this route

• Diluted irritant might be

injected

• Absorption is not required

• No first pass effect takes place.

• lood plasma or fluids might be

injected.

DISADVANTAGES

•

There is no retreat• This method is more risky

• Sesis!In"e#tion mi$ht o##%r

• Ph&e'itis(In"&ammation o" the

'&ood )esse&* mi$ht o##%r• In"i&tration o" s%rro%ndin$

tiss%es mi$ht res%&t+

• This method is not s%ita'&e

"or oi&y rearations

• This method is not s%ita'&e

"or inso&%'&e rearations

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T,REE P,-SIOLOGICSA.EGUARDS

GUT

•

Break down medications before they are absorbed• Or drug may not be absorbed through the GIT

I!"#

• $rotects from many to%ic doses of medications

• &afeguard 'atients through first 'ass effect

&(I)

• $rotects against infections

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Errors

PREPARATION

CALCULATION

Therefore*

reduce amount of 're'aration on

the ward

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Pharma#y!'ased #entra&i/ed

intra)eno%s admi0t%re ro$rams

-fundamentally safer medication-use system• ASH National Surveys of !armacy ractice

• MINI"A# S$STEM

• Small volume %re%arations by I&

• re%ared in t!e %!armacy

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WHAT IS A PYROGEN?-bacterial endotoxins

-organic metabolic %roducts s!ed from gram-negative bacteria-

causes fever and !y%otension in %atients *!en t!ey are in

excessive amounts in I&