StereotypesStereotypes© 2008, John B. Pryor© 2008, John B. Pryor

Illinois State UniversityIllinois State University

List some characteristics you might think that these women

would possess.......

12

List some characteristics you might think that these men

would possess.......

22 331

Concepts of beauty

vary from culture

to culture

Woman fromWestern Europe

Zulu Woman

Masai Woman - Kenya

IndianWoman

Thai Dancer

20’s 30’s 40’s 50’s 60’s

70’s70’s 80’s80’s 90’s90’s

Miss Miss AmericaAmericaacrossacrossthe decadesthe decades

Concepts of beauty vary somewhat over history...Concepts of beauty vary somewhat over history...

Miss America 2007Miss America 2007

Your ideal?Your ideal?

What facial features are What facial features are found most attractive?found most attractive?

Langolis, Roggman, & Musselman (1994)Langolis, Roggman, & Musselman (1994) Evolutionary pressures favor human Evolutionary pressures favor human

attributes close to the populationattributes close to the population Cognitive processes favor prototypical Cognitive processes favor prototypical

category memberscategory members ““Average-is-attractive” hypothesisAverage-is-attractive” hypothesis Computer average faces are judged as Computer average faces are judged as

more attractivemore attractive

What is beautiful is good!!What is beautiful is good!!Physically attractive people are Physically attractive people are

perceived as more:perceived as more:

sensitve, modest,sensitve, modest,

poised, interesting, strong, poised, interesting, strong, sociable, kind, warm,sociable, kind, warm,

socially adept, andsocially adept, and

sexually responsivesexually responsive

Beauty & Gender Stereotypes

Handsome men are perceived as more masculine

Beautiful women are perceived as more feminine

Method from Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid

Males & females isolated in separate rooms Both fill out general information

questionnaire - Polaroid picture take of male Experimenter takes up questionnaires attaches either attractive or unattractive

photo of a female to her questionnaire detaches male photo

Method from Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid

Experimenter exchanges male/female questionnaires

Male rates his expectations of female Male & female interact over telephone Male rates his impressions of female Independent judges rate their

impressions of the females without hearing what the male said

Female’s Interpretation

How expectations influence behavior

Male’s Expectation

Male’s Behavior

Male’s Interpretation

Female’s Behavior

after Darley& Fazio

Describe yourself

1.Not at all independent Very independent 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

2.Not at all emotional Very emotional 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

3.Very passive Very active 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

4. Not at all able Able to devote self

to devote self to devote self completely completely

to others to others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

5. Very rough Very gentle 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

Describe yourself

6. Not at all helpful Very helpful to others to others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

7. Not at all competitive Very competitive 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

8.Not at all kind Very kind 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

Describe yourself

9.Not at all aware of Very aware offeelings of others feelings of others

0..........1..........2..........3..........4

10. Has difficulty Can make making decisions decisions easily 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

11. Gives up Never gives very easily up easily 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

Describe yourself

12.Not at all Very self- self- confident confident 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

13. Feels very inferior Feels very superior 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

14. Not at all Very understanding understanding

of others of others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

Describe yourself

15. Very cold Very warm

in relations in relations

with others with others

0..........1..........2..........3..........4

16. Goes to pieces Stands up well

under pressure under pressure

0..........1..........2..........3..........4

Describe yourself

Masculine Scale: Items 1,3,7,10,11,12,13,16 Feminine Scale: Items 2,4,5,6,8,9,14,15

MEDIANSMales Females

Masculine Scale 23 21

Feminine Scale 22 25

Scoring the PAQ

Androgynous

TraditionalFeminine

TraditionalMasculine

Undifferentiated

Above Medianfor Masculine

Below Medianfor Masculine

Above Medianfor Feminine

Above Medianfor Feminine

Below Medianfor Feminine

Below Medianfor Feminine

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

AndrogynyAndrogyny: : definitiondefinition - -

having characteristics of having characteristics of both sexesboth sexes

Greek roots:Greek roots:andrandr--man--man

gynegyne--woman--woman

Experimental Design from Andersen & Bem