Steps Taken Against Floods in Various Continents 6

8/3/2019 Steps Taken Against Floods in Various Continents 6

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Europe

Remembering the misery and

destruction caused by the1910

Great Flood of Paris, the French

government built a series of

reservoirs called Les Grands Lacs

de Seine (or Great Lakes) which

helps remove pressure from the

Seineduring floods, especially the

regular winter flooding.

Londonis protected from sea flooding by a huge mechanical barrier across the

River Thames, which is raised when the sea water level reaches a certain point(seeThames Barrier).

Venicehas a similar arrangement, although it is already unable to cope with very

high tides; a new system of variable-height dikes is under construction. The

defenses of both London and Venice would be rendered inadequate if sea levels

were to rise
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Great_Flood_of_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Great_Flood_of_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Great_Flood_of_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Great_Flood_of_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Great_Flood_of_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Great_Flood_of_Paris


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TheAdigein Northern Italy was provided with an underground canal that allows

to drain part of its flow into theGarda Lake(in thePodrainage basin), thus

lessening the risk of estuarine floods. The underground canal has been used twice,in 1966 and 2000.

The River Berounka,Czech Republic,

burst its banks in the2002 European floodsand houses in the village of Hlsn

Teba,Beroun District, were inundated.

The largest and most elaborateflood defensescan be found in theNetherlands,

where they are referred to asDelta Workswith theOosterscheldedam as its

crowning achievement. These works were built in response to theNorth Sea flood

of 1953of the southwestern part of the Netherlands. The Dutch had already builtone of the world's largest dams in the north of the country: theAfsluitdijk(closing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garda_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garda_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garda_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_European_floodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_European_floodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_European_floodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beroun_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beroun_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beroun_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosterscheldehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosterscheldehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosterscheldehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsluitdijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsluitdijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsluitdijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsluitdijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosterscheldehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beroun_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_European_floodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garda_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adige


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occurred in 1932).

Currently theSaint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complexwhich was

finished in 2008, inRussia, to protectSaint Petersburgfromstorm surges. It

also has a main traffic function, as it completes aring roadaround Saint

Petersburg. Eleven dams extend for 25.4 kilometers and stand eight meters above

water level.

InAustria, flooding for over 150 years, has been controlled by various actions of

theViennaDanube regulation, with dredging of the mainDanubeduring 1870-

75, and creation of theNew Danubefrom 1972-1988.

In Northern Ireland flood risk management is provided byRivers Agency.

Americas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Danube_regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Danube_regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Danube_regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Danube_regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Danube_regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Danube_regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Dam


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Debris and bank erosion left after the2009 Red River FloodinWinnipeg,

Manitoba.

Pittsburghfloods in 1936
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Flooding near, Washington, 2009.

Another elaborate system of flooding defences can be found in the Canadian

province ofManitoba. TheRed Riverflows northward from the United States,

passing through the city ofWinnipeg(where it meets theAssiniboine River) and

intoLake Winnipeg. As is the case with all north-flowing rivers in the temperate

zone of the Northern Hemisphere, snowmelt in southern sections may cause riverlevels to rise before northern sections have had a chance to completely thaw. This

can lead to devastating flooding, as occurred in Winnipeg during thespring of

1950. To protect the city from future floods, the Manitoba government undertook

the construction of a massive system of diversions, dikes, and floodways

(including theRed River Floodwayand thePortage Diversion). The system kept

Winnipeg safe during the1997 floodand which devastated many communities

upriver from Winnipeg, includingGrand Forks, North DakotaandSte. Agathe,

Manitoba. It also kept Winnipeg safe during the2009 flood.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoqualmie,_Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoqualmie,_Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_of_the_Northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_of_the_Northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_of_the_Northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboine_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboine_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboine_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Floodwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Floodwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Floodwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_Diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_Diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_Diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste._Agathe,_Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_Diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Floodwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Red_River_Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboine_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_of_the_Northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoqualmie,_Washington


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In the U.S., theNew Orleans Metropolitan Area, 35% of which sits below sea

level, is protected by hundreds of miles of levees andflood gates. This system

failed catastrophically, in numerous sections, duringHurricane Katrina, in thecity proper and in eastern sections of the Metro Area, resulting in the inundation of

approximately 50% of the metropolitan area, ranging from a few centimeters to 8.2

meters (a few inches to 27 feet) in coastal communities. In an act of successful

flood prevention, the Federal Government of the United States offered to buy out

flood-prone properties in the United States in order to prevent repeated disasters

after the 1993 flood across the Midwest. Several communities accepted and the

government, in partnership with the state, bought 25,000 properties which they

converted intowetlands. These wetlands act as a sponge in storms and in 1995,

when the floods returned, the government did not have to expend resources inthose areas.

Asia

Floods inBangladesh2009

In India, Bangladesh and China (i.e., in the Grand Canal of China region) , flood

diversionareas are rural areas that are deliberately flooded in emergencies in order
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to protect cities. Many have proposed that loss of vegetation (deforestation) will

lead to a risk increase. With natural forest cover the flood duration should

decrease. Reducing the rate of deforestation should improve the incidents andseverity of floods

Africa

InEgypt,both theAswan Dam (1902) and theAswan High Dam(1976) have

controlled various amounts of flooding along theNileriver.

Clean-up safety

Clean-up activities following floods often pose hazards to workers and volunteers

involved in the effort. Potential dangers include: water polluted by mixing with and

causing overflows fromsanitary sewers, electrical hazards,carbon monoxide

exposure,musculoskeletalhazards,heat orcold stress, motor vehicle-related

dangers,fire, drowning, and exposure tohazardous materials. Because flooded

disaster sites are unstable, clean-up workers might encounter sharp jagged debris,

biological hazards in the flood water, exposed electrical lines, blood or other body

fluids, and animal and human remains. In planning for and reacting to flood

disasters, managers provide workers withhard hats, goggles, heavy work gloves,

life jackets, and watertight boots with steel toes and insoles.
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Steps Taken Against Floods in Various Continents 6

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