Steps of Glycolysis in a brief
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Transcript of Steps of Glycolysis in a brief
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GlycolysisRahman R Hillol
KGHS,Dhaka.
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What is Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from the Greek glykos, meaning sweet, andlysis, meaning splitting) involves the breakdown ofglucose, a simple sugar. This process can occur in thepresence or absence of oxygen, that is, under aerobicor anaerobic conditions.
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History of Glycolysis
During the 1930s, the efforts of several Germanbiochemists, including Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof,and Jacob Parnas, determined that glycolysis involves10 steps, each one catalyzed by a different enzyme.
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Concept of Glycolysis
Glycolysis
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Step 1
ATP ADP
Glucose
Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP. Glucose-6-phosphate is more easily trapped in the cell compared to glucose.
Glucose-6-Phosphate
Hexokinase
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Step 2
The structure of glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged to fructose-6-phosphate.
Glucose-6-Phosphate
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Fructose-6-phosphate
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Step 3
ATP ADP
Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to make fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
Phosphofructokinase
Fructose-6-phosphateFructose-1,6-bisphosphate
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Dihydroxyacetonephosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (x2)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
4.
Aldolase
4.Di-hydroxyl-acetone phosphate is somerized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.5.
Isomerase5.
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (x2)
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (x2)
Unstable PhosphateBond
2 NAD+
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
2NADH
+2H+
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. NADH is produced. In 1,3-bis-phospho-glycerate,the phosphate group in the upper left is destabilized, meaning that the bond will break in a highly exergonic reaction.
6.
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1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (x2)
Unstable PhosphateBond
2ATP 2ADP
Phosphoglycero–kinase
A phosphate is removed from 1,3-bis-phospho-glycerate to form 3-phosphor-glycerate. The removed phosphate is transferred to ADP to make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.
7.
3-phosphoglycerate(x2)
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3-phosphoglycerate(x2) 2-phosphoglycerate(x2)
Phosphoglycero–mutase
The phosphate group in 3 phosphoglycerateis moved to a new location, creating 2-phosphoglycerate
8.
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2-phosphoglycerate(x2)
Unstable phosphatebond
Phosphoenolpyruvate(x2)
A water molecule is removed from 2-phosphor-glycerate to form phosphor-enol-pyruvate. In phosphor-enol-pyruvate, the phosphate group is destabilized, meaning that the bond will break in a highly exergonic reaction.
9.
Enolase
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Unstable phosphatebond
Phosphoenolpyruvate(x2) pyruvate(x2)
Pyruvate Kinase
2ADP 2ATP
A phosphate is removed from phosphor-enol-pyruvate to form pyruvate. The removed phosphate is transferred to ADP to make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.
10.
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Thanks God! It’s over at last!!
:p