Stephen Downes - Personal Learning
-
date post
18-Oct-2014 -
Category
Education
-
view
7.482 -
download
4
description
Transcript of Stephen Downes - Personal Learning
![Page 1: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
So it goes So it goes
So it goes
![Page 2: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Personal Learning
Stephen Downes
April 12, 2007
![Page 3: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
http://home.uchicago.edu/~yli5/Flash/Fire.html
We didn't start the fire
It was always burning, since the world's been turning Joel
Prologue
How do you teach if you no longer have power over students?
![Page 4: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Enter the Network
Everything is connected
to everything else (Theory-laden data)
http://dsv.su.se/~kjellman/e-subjectoriented.htm Lakatos
![Page 5: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Enter the Network
It is impossible to
predict anything (Chaos theory, strange attractors)
Lorenz http://www.imho.com/grae/chaos/chaos.html
![Page 6: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Enter the Network
It is the breakdown of order (Postmodernism, ethnocentricity)
(Cluetrain, We The Media)
Derrida http://www.cluetrain.com/
![Page 7: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
It looks like the internet…– Like open source– Like Social Networks– Like blogs and blogging– Like wikis and collaborative
writing– Like tagging and Digg
and…
It looks like Web 2.0
Stallman
Enter the Network
![Page 8: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
From the inside, you see the tubesLook for connections, interactions
(or more concretely, XML and APIs)
It's not a truck.
It's a series of tubes.
And if you don't understand those tubes can be filled and if they are filled, when you put your message in, it gets in line and its going to be delayed by anyone that puts into that tube enormous amounts of material, enormous amounts of material.
Enter the Network
![Page 9: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
It’s Chaos!
No principles or rules describing ‘quality’– Individual preferences only– No rubric or metric– No ‘peers’ or ‘committee of experts’– Evaluations are not an aggregation – no
votes
Suroweicki
![Page 10: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Kaboom!
![Page 11: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Idea of the PLE…
http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/ple/resources/edf.ppt
![Page 12: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plex Personal Learning Environment Example
http://reload.ces.strath.ac.uk/plex/
![Page 13: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Collecting and Filtering RSS
http://www.downes.ca/mygluframe.htm
![Page 15: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Edu_RSS Viewer
http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?action=viewer
![Page 17: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Problem…
How to find the right resource…
• at the right time
• for the right person
![Page 18: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The old way – use descriptions
• Dublin Core
• Learning Object Metadata
http://www.capuano.biz/Papers/ITS%202000/ITS%202000.htm
![Page 19: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Descriptions are (necessarily) incomplete
• many properties depend on context• ‘I know it when I see it’• these relations are dynamic and change…
• from person to person• from time to time
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~kborders/photography.htm
![Page 20: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Recommender Systems
The idea is that associations are mapped between:
• User profile – properties of given users• Resource profile – properties of the resource• Previous evaluations of other resources
http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/projecting-quality
http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/quality-standards-its-all-about-teaching-and-learning/
![Page 21: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Resource Profiles…
http://www.downes.ca/files/resource_profiles.htm
![Page 22: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
knowledge has many authors, knowledge has many facets, it looks different to each different person, and it changes moment to moment
![Page 23: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The key insight…
Two very distinct problems are in fact instances of the same problem.
The problem of locating the right resource on the internet is basically the same problem
as the problem of getting the question right on the test.
![Page 24: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Relations between Entities…
![Page 25: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Knowledge management?
Into this picture rides…
the idea…
‘Capture’ tacit knowledge
… and then codify it
HodginsLearning Objects
![Page 26: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
You Can’t Go Back Again
- personal knowledge
Depends on ContextIneffable
You can’t generalize itYou can’t put it into words
- tacit knowledge
Polanyi
![Page 27: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Knowledge is like recognition
Learning is like perception
the acquisition of new patterns of connectivity
through experience
Hume
![Page 28: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Patterns in the Mesh
the knowledge is in the network
the knowledge is the network
Old: universals – rules – categories
New: patterns– patterns – similarities
Tenenbaumhttp://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.tenenbaum.html
![Page 29: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pattern Recognition…
Gibson
![Page 30: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
You already know this phenomenon, you’ve already seen it
Emergent Learninghttp://growchangelearn.blogspot.com/2007/02/emergent-learning.html Tom Haskins
"Now I get it" A-ha!
"Out of the blue" "My mind leaped"
"Did an about-face""Shut up and did it"
Sudden breakthrough
http://www.downes.ca/files/osn.html
![Page 31: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
stands for?
Or is caused by?
Distributed Representation
= a pattern of connectivity
Hopfield
![Page 32: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Where is the PLE?
![Page 34: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The way networks learn is the way people learn…
![Page 35: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Network Learning…
• Hebbian associationism
• based on concurrency
• Back propagation
• based on desired outcome
• Boltzman
• based on ‘settling’, annealing
This…
![Page 36: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Leads to This…
Personal Learning…
To teach is to model and to demonstrate
To learn is to practice and reflect
![Page 37: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
What is the PLE?
![Page 38: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
We can get an idea of what the PLE looks like by drilling down into the pieces…
Model- conceptual frameworks
- wiki (wiki API, RSS)- concept maps (SVG, mapping format)- gliffy (SVG?)
- reference frameworks- Wikipedia- video / 2L 3D representation – embedded spaces
The question is – how to transport and represent models that are actually used?
![Page 39: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Demonstrate- reference examples
- code library- image samples
- thought processes- show experts at work (Chaos Manor)
- application- case studies- stories
The question is, how can we connect the learner with the community at work?
![Page 40: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Practice- scaffolded practice
- game interfaces- sandboxes
- job aids- flash cards- cheat sheets
- games and simulations- mod kits- mmorpgs
The question is, how can we enable access to multiple environments that support various activities?
![Page 41: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Reflection- guided reflection
- forms-based input- presentations and seminars
- journaling- blogs, wikis
- communities- discussion, sharing
The question is, how can we assist people to see themselves, their practice, in a mirror?
![Page 42: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Choice – Identity - Creativity- simulated or actual environments that present tasks or problems- OpenID, authentication, feature or profile development- Portfolios & creative libraries
People talk about ‘motivation’ – but the real issue here is
ownership
![Page 43: Stephen Downes - Personal Learning](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/54421d33b1af9f390a8b456e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
http://www.downes.ca
Downes