Stephanie Cisneros Tessa Aldana

Where are ethnicities distributed? • Distribution of Ethnicities in the United States • Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

•  Hispanics/Latinos: 15% • African Americans: 13% • Asian American: 4 % • American Indian: 1%

• Clustering of Ethnicities

• Hispanic/Latinos: Clustered in the Southwest • African Americans: Clustered in the Southeast • Asian Americans: Clustered in the West; mainly Hawaii and California • American Indians and Alaska natives: Clustered in the Southwest and Plains; Alaska

• African American Migration Patterns • Forced migration due to slavery in the 18th century • Immigration from the north to the south during 1st half of 20th century • Immigration from ghettos to urban areas of the city • Triangular Slave trade

• Ethnicity – Identity with a group of people sharing physical and mental traits due to culture and traditions • Race – Identity with a group of people sharing a common ancestor

• Races in the U.S. : • White • Black, African American or Negro • American Indian or Alaska native • Asian Indian • Chinese

• Filipino • Japanese • Korean • Vietnamese • Other Asian • Native Hawaiian • Guamanian or Chamorro • Samoan • Other Pacific Islander • Other race

• “Separate but Equal” Doctrine

• Plessy V. Ferguson • “White Flight”

• Whites left their homes in fear of having to live near blacks when segregation ended. • Blockbusting – Real estate agents would convince whites to move out and sell their homes because they feared blacks would soon move into their neighborhoods

• Division by Race in Africa • Apartheid – Separation of people by their race (either black, white, colored or Asian.)

Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed Into Nationalities? • Rise of Nationalities • Multinational States • Revival of Ethnic Identity

• Nationality – Citizens of the U.S. (both born and made) • Ethnicity – Groups with same ancestry and tradition

• Nation-States • Country in which the same ethnicity is present in the majority of inhabitants • Ex. Denmark, Danes that speak Danish and live in Denmark • In Europe: Most countries are nation-states.

• Nationalism • Loyalty and devotion to one’s nationality. • An ex. of Centripetal Force; brings people together

• Country with more than one ethnicity: some coexist fine, others try to dominate one another

• Ex. United Kingdom – Four main nationalities (English, Scottish, Wales, Northern Irish.)

•  Former Soviet Union: The Largest Multinational State • 15 republics, 15 ethnicities, now 15 countries

• Russia: Now the Largest Multinational State • 39 nationalities, some seek independence • Primarily clustered near neighboring states • 20% of the population is not Russian

• Turmoil in the Caucasus • Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgians

• Ethnicity was thought to have been lost or forgotten by Europeans • Languages used to bring back nationalities

• Russian • Problems submerged

• For minorities in broken up states

Why do Ethnicities Clash? • Ethnic Competition to Dominate Nationality • Dividing Ethnicities Among More One State

• Ethnic competition is a common thing in Africa. •  It is especially concentrated in the Horn of Africa which includes: ·Djibouti ·Ethiopia ·Eritrea ·Somalia •  ·Sudan • As well as Lebanon

• Division among ethnicities is very common in Asia • India and Pakistan is an example of it because the subcontinent India was divided into two different countries in 1947 when the British their colonial rule of India.

What is Ethnic Cleansing? • Ethnic Cleansing in Europe • Ethnic Cleansing in Central Africa

• A great example of ethnic cleansing would be World War II • World War II was the result of Adolf Hitler’s attempt world to rid the world of ethnicities that he thought were inferior .

• Occurred when colonization by European countries began. • As well as when conflicts between the two ethnic groups , the Hutus and Tutsis started to result in a series of wars.