Step-Up

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What Does it Mean to STEP UP?

• Prosocial Behavior – Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person

• Bystander Intervention

• Intervening in an emergency •Helping in a non-emergency* • Intervention can be direct or indirect

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What Difference Can You Make?

“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens

can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing

that ever has.”

- Margaret Mead

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I believe something should be done to

intervene in problematic situations.

A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. NeutralD. DisagreeE. Strongly

Disagree

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I believe it is my responsibility to intervene in a problematic situation.

A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. NeutralD. DisagreeE. Strongly

Disagree

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6

I have witnessed a situation, at least once, where someone’s health and

safety were in danger. You can choose any or all of these.

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A. Drinking too muchB. HazingC. Being taken

advantage of sexually

D. DiscriminationE. Never

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I know of a problematic situation that could have been avoided if someone had intervened.

A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. NeutralD. DisagreeE. Strongly

Disagree

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The Bystander Effect • Phenomenon in which someone is less likely to intervene in an emergency situation when others are present than when he or she is alone.

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BROTHER’S KEEPER

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Why Don’t People Help?

• Because helping others is not just about one decision.

–Helping requires several sequential decisions to be made. Failure at any one of the steps will result in no help.

–Multiple factors can prevent the right decision from being made.

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The 5 Decision Making Steps

1. Notice the Event

2. Interpret the Event as a

Problem/Emergency

3. Assume Personal Responsibility

4. Know How To Help

5. Implement the Help

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Reasons Why People Don’t Help

• Step 1: Notice the Event There are 2 reasons we may not

notice that a problem exists or is about to occur: • Other people/events create distractions.• Sometimes we don’t want to notice!

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Strategies for STEP 1 Notice the Event

1. Be aware of your surroundings.2. Anticipate problems/Look for red

flags.3. If you do notice a problem,

consider the best intervention strategies and/or the best exit strategies.

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Conformity

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Conformity: 2 Types• Informational influence–When a situation is ambiguous we

will use other people’s behavior as information for how to act. We thus conform to the group in order to be accurate.

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Looking to others does not always provide the right answer:

Pluralistic Ignorance Phenomenon whereby

bystanders assume that nothing is wrong because no one else looks concerned. When all bystanders assume that no one else is upset or concerned, then all assume it is not a problem, and NOBODY HELPS!

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I have experienced pluralistic ignorance in a

social setting.

1. Yes

2. No

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Conformity: 2 Types• Normative influence–We conform to the group’s rules

in order to fit in, be accepted, be liked, or avoid dislike. But normative influence can create a “Spiral of Silence.”

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There have been times when I have given in to group pressure

and wish I hadn’t.

A. True

B. False

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Strategies for STEP 2 Interpret as a problem/emergency: 1. Investigate an ambiguous event

further - even if others appear unconcerned.

2. Ask others what they think.3. Be mindful of peer pressure and

be prepared to react to it.a. Have the confidence to TAKE A

STAND. b. Choose to be respected rather

than liked. 4. If you are a victim, let someone

know you need help!

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Strategies for STEP 3Assume Personal Responsibility

1. Don’t assume someone else will do something. Take it upon yourself to STEP UP!

2. Publicly state your intention to help. You can decide later if intervention is unnecessary.

3. Enlist others to STEP UP!

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Strategies for STEP 4 Have the Skills to Help

1. Learn skills/strategies to STEP UP, depending on the situation.

2. Practice the skills when possible - Be prepared.

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Take his/her keys away, drive the person homeRemove the person

from situationAdminister CPR

Talk to person directly about the problem

Call 9-1-1 Seek assistance from

a professional Distract the people

involvedEnlist others

Speak to a teacher, coach, trainer, counselor, administrator or other professional Learn more

Emergency

Non- Emergency

Ind

irect

Dir

ec

t

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Reasons Why People Don’t Help

• Step 5: Implement the Help: STEP UP!

- Sometimes people STILL don’t help. Why?

Costs/Rewards• Perhaps it is dangerous or they perceive more costs than benefits for helping. • *Remember, there are also costs for not helping.

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Strategies for STEP 5Implement the Help

1. If it is safe and you are willing to help, implement the most appropriate skills and strategies for the situation…and STEP UP!

2. Be the first! Sometimes the actions of one can give strength and permission to others.

3. Create shared and agreed upon standards of behavior and expectations within your team, organization, group of friends.

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How accurate do you think you are at judging how others are

feeling?

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A. Call me Bull’s-eye

B. Above averageC. AverageD. Below averageE. I suck at it!

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Perspective Taking:What do you see?

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Perspective Taking• The ability to identify with the

feelings, thoughts, and beliefs of another person.

• In order to take the perspective of another person:– Imagine how the person thinks and

feels.– Imagine being in the same situation.– Imagine that you are the other person.

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Follow the LeaderPart II: Milgram research

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Reasons We Didn’t Intervene

• Assumed it wasn’t a problem – Interpreting Event as Problem/Pluralistic

Ignorance• It was none of my business– Assuming Personal Responsibility

• Assumed someone else would do something– Diffusion of Responsibility/Accept Personal

Responsibility• Believed others weren’t bothered– Pluralistic Ignorance

• Didn’t know when/how to intervene– Possess Skills to Help

• Felt my safety would be at risk– Costs/Rewards

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Reasons We Did Intervene• It was the right thing to do• We should look out for each other• I would want someone to help me in

that situation• Someone needed help• So the situation wouldn’t escalate • To preserve the reputation of my

friends, organization, team, etc.

INDIVIDUAL LEADERSHIPSHARED RESPONSIBILTY

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Other areas in which you can STEP UP!

– Academics – Stress–Disordered Eating/Body Image

Issues–Depression– Substance Abuse– Gambling– Community Service– Illegal behaviors–Others?

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How Can We Increase Helping?

• Encourage/acknowledge prosocial, helping

behaviors.

• Increase and optimize Decision Making

Steps.

• Reduce inhibiting factors (pluralistic

ignorance, conformity, diffusion of

responsibility, etc.).

• Increase awareness and identification of

risk factors.

• Make “in-group” more inclusive.

• Practice perspective taking.

• Increase knowledge, skills and

confidence.

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I believe something should be done to

intervene in problematic situations.

A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. NeutralD. DisagreeE. Strongly

Disagree

10

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I believe it is my responsibility to intervene in a problematic situation.

A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. NeutralD. DisagreeE. Strongly

Disagree

10

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“Courage is the first of human qualities because it

is the quality which guarantees all others.”

Winston Churchill

STEP UP!