STEM - CeMaST€¦ · Systems (solar system) Communication Pathways (codes) Learning Cycle: 1....

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STEM

Learning Cycles

for the

Common Core Content in Mathematics National Science Education Standards Standards for Technological Literacy

IMaST: Integrated Mathematics, Science, and Technology

The Center for Mathematics, Science, and Technology (CeMaST) Illinois State University

Founded in 1990, CeMaST was established to integrate research, teacher education, curriculum development,

and dissemination efforts with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. CeMaST is

built on Illinois State’s acclaimed programs in STEM fields and is a natural extension of the University’s heritage of

service to schools in the state and throughout the nation.

Goals:

1. Stimulate and support activities and research on teaching and learning that aligns with campus, state,

and national STEM priorities.

2. Provide leadership to and foster cross-disciplinary collaborative STEM activities and research on teaching

and learning.

3. Direct efforts to increase diversity of STEM communities

Campus Box 5960 (309) 438-3089 Normal, IL 61790-5960 Cemast.illinoisstate.edu

Integrated Mathematics, Science, and Technology (IMaST) Program

The IMaST program consists of 195 learning cycles that teach the Common Core Content for Mathematics grades 6-8, the National Science Education Standards grades 5-8 and the Standards for Technological Literacy grades 6-8. These learning cycles are organized into 16 interdisciplinary thematic modules. The length of each module varies from 4 to 9 weeks of instructional time. Inserted within the learning cycles are 107 readings that make connections to language arts and social studies. Each learning cycle and reading is available separately or combined with others into a customized book. Kits of supplies and equipment are available. Thematic Modules:

Tools for Learning Patterns of Mobility (migration) Patterns Within Us (genetics) Patterns Around Us (water) Patterns of Weather Patterns Above Us (atmosphere) Patterns Below Us (geology) The Body Works (human body) Shaping Our World (change Living on the Edge (ecology) Manufacturing Forecasting (aviation) Animal Habitats Human Settlements Systems (solar system) Communication Pathways (codes)

Learning Cycle:

1. Exploring the Idea- an activity involving analysis and discovery 2. Getting the Idea- a series of questions to clarify and assess understanding 3. Applying the Idea- an activity that illustrates application of the concept 4. Expanding the Idea- additional activities as time allows 5. Assessment- usually another activity applied to a rubric

IMaST is the result of over 10 years of development and nation-wide field tested involving professional educators, mathematicians, scientists, engineers, and technologists. It was funded by the National Science Foundation.

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Table of Contents: Mathematics

6th grade Ratios and Proportional Relationships……………………….…………………….….....….6

The Number System….......................................................................................6 Expressions and Equations……………………………………………………………….…………7 Geometry………………………………………………………………………………………….………..9 Statistics and Probability……………………………………………………………….…….…..…9 Mathematical Practices…………………………………………….…………………….………..10

7th Grade

Ratios and Proportional Relationships………………………………………………….……10 The Number System………………………………………………….……………………………….11 Expressions and Equations…………………………………………………………………………12 Geometry…………………………………………………………………………………………..………13 Statistics and Probability………………………………………………………………………..….15 Mathematical Practices………………………………………………………………………..……17

8th Grade

The Number System……………….…………………………………………………………….……17 Expressions and Equations……….…………………………………………………………….….17 Functions……………………………………………………………………………………………….….18 Geometry……………………………………………………………………………………………….….19 Statistics and Probability……………………………………………………………………….…..20 Mathematical Practices……………………………………………………………………….…….21

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Table of Contents: Science Grades 5-8

Science as Inquiry…………………………………………………………………………………………………..21 Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry…………………………………………………..21 Understandings about scientific inquiry………………………………………………………24

Physical Science……………………………………………………………………………………………………..24

Properties & changes of properties of matter……………………….…………………...24 Motions and forces……………………………………………………………………………………..25 Transfer of Energy……………………………………………………………………………………….26

Life Science…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….28

Structure and function in living systems………………………….…………………………..28 Reproduction and heredity…………………………………………………………………….……29 Regulation and behavior……………………………………………………………………….…….29 Populations and ecosystems………………………………………………………………….…...30 Diversity and adaptations of organisms………………………………………….……………31

Earth and Space Science………………………………………………………………………………………...32

Structure of the earth systems…………………………………………………………….……..32 Earth’s history……………………………………………………………………………………………..32 Earth in the solar system ………………………………………………………………………….…33

Science and Technology…………………………………………………………………………………………33

Abilities of technological design …………………………………………………………………33 Understandings about Science & Technology……………………………………..…..….35

Science in Personal and Social Perspective……………………………………………………………36

Personal health…………………………………………………………………………………………..36 Populations, resources, and environments……………………………………….………..37 Natural hazards ………………………………………………………………………………………….38 Risks and benefits ………………………………………………………………………………………38 Science and technology in Society………………………………………………………………39

History and Nature of Science……………………………………………………………………………….39

Science as a human endeavor ……………………………………………………………………39 Nature of science………………………………………………………………………………………..39 History of science ……………………………………………………………………………………...39

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Table of Contents: Technology Grades 6-8

Nature of Technology…………………………………………………………………………………………….40 Characteristics and Scope of Technology……………………………………………………40 Core Concepts of Technology……………………………………………………………………..40

Relationships among technologies/ the connections between technology

and other fields…………………………………………………….………………………….40

Technology and Society………………………………………………………………………………………….41 The cultural, social, economic, and political

effects of technology……………….……………………………………………………..41 The effects of technology on environment………………………………………………….41

The role of society in the development and use of technology…………………………………………………………………………..43

The influence of technology on history……………………………………………………….43

Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43 The attributes of design………………………………………………………………………………43 Engineering design……………………………………………………………………………………..43

Role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation,

and experimentation in problem solving………………………………………44

Abilities for a Technological World………………………………………………………………………..45 Apply the design process……………………..………………………………………………….45 Use and maintain technological products

and systems………………………………………………………………………………..47 Assess the impact of products and systems……………………………………………….47

The Designed World………………………………………………………………………………………………48

Medical technologies………………………………………………………………………………….48 Agriculture and related biotechnologies…………………………………………….……...49 Energy and power technologies…………………………………………………………….……49 Information & communication technologies ……………………………………….…….50 Transportation technologies………………………………………………………………….……52 Manufacturing technologies………………………………………………………………….……53 Construction technologies…………………………………………………………………….……54

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Correlation of IMaST Objectives and Learning Cycles to Common Core Content in Mathematics

6th Grade

Category Standard IMaST Objective Module and LC 6.RP Ratios and Proportional Relationships

Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.

Convert between fractions, decimals, and percents to solve problems

Living on the Edge; A Tour of Your Trash

Describe what a ratio means in a given context

Patterns of Mobility; Walk This Way

Communicate size and distance relationships with scale drawings

Patterns of Mobility; Movin’ On

Change fractions to percents

Patterns in Weather; Where Do We Go?

Express ratios with fractions, decimals, and percents

Patterns Below Us; Feeling The Heat Under Pressure

Solve problems involving scale factors, using ratios and proportions

Patterns Below Us; What’s Shakin’?

Use fractions in measurement

Patterns Above Us; On in a Million

Solve proportions The Body Works; How Much Makes One

Determine a scale for a map Shaping Our World; Orienteering

Convert between fractions, decimals, and percents to solve problems


6.NS The Number System

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.

Work flexibly with fractions, decimals, and percents

Patterns Within Us; What’s Your Type?

Compute with fractions Patterns Above Us; One in a Million



Calculate equivalent forms of whole numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers

Manufacturing: Measuring With Fractions

Add and subtract any combination of whole numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers


Multiply any combinations of while numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers

Manufacturing: Measuring For Geoboards

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Divide any combination of whole numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers

Manufacturing: Playing the Nails

Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.

Identify and use least common multiple to solve problems

Patterns of Mobility; Time Travel

Identify and use greatest common factor to solve problems

Patterns of Mobility; Don’t Fence Me In

Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.

Calculate averages Tools for Learning; The Need for Speed

Relate the magnitude of large numbers using concrete examples

Patterns Below Us; Time Changes Everything

Identify and add integers Patterns Below Us; Stake Your Claim

Use scientific notation Patterns Above Us; Atmospheric Layers

Determine rate formula Forecasting; What’s Your Speed

Describe the relationships between one and one million

Human Settlements: H2O and ??? Measuring Using Parts Per Million (ppm)

Compare the properties and operations of numbers systems using different base systems

Communication Pathways; The Same…or Different?

6.EE Expressions and Equations

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Generalize patterns to deduce formulas

Tools for Learning; The Need for Speed

Display and interpret data using a line plot graph

Patterns Around Us; Go With the Flow

Generalize a mathematical pattern and write it as an expression and an equation using variables

The Body Works; Symbols and Shortcuts

Name points on the coordinate grid using ordered pairs

Forecasting; Patterns in Coordinate Planes

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Calculate the density of liquids

Patterns Around Us; Testing, Testing, 1,2, Water?

Calculate flow rate Patterns Around Us; Go With the Flow

Calculate the payback period for water-conserving devices

Patterns Around Us; What Did You Do With All That Water?

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Use the equation to determine the Fahrenheit or Celsius temperature when the other is known

Forecasting; How Hot is Hot; How Cold is Cold?

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Identify patterns in a table of numbers


Find a pattern in a set of data

Tools for Learning; Show Me the Numbers

Make inferences from data collected


Gather and display data in a bar graph


Display data in a line graph Patterns Around Us; Now You See It, Now You Don’t

Collect and display quantitative data in a variety of forms including bar graphs, line graphs, line plots, and stem-and-leaf plots


Describe the advantages and disadvantages of different data displays


Identify the most appropriate display of a given set of data


Select appropriate graphical representations

Patterns Above Us; Clean and Green

Create appropriate graphical representations of data

Living on the Edge; Fall Haul

Draw a best-fit line for a set of plotted data points

Forecasting; What’s Your Speed

Describe patterns using the best-fit line



Draw best-fit lines and use graphs to make predictions

Forecasting; Salt, Water, and Ice

Describe slope of a line on a coordinate graph

Forecasting; Similarities and Differences in Graphs

Determine the mathematical equation from plotted data


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Use various methods for organizing data

Forecasting; Organizing the Data

6.G Geometry

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Calculate area and volume of various shapes


Describe relationships among units of liquid measure and convert from one unit to another


Calculate the area of a rectangle

Patterns in Weather; How Do We Know?

Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism

Patterns Below Us; Stake Your Claim

Determine the area of a circle


Calculate the area of a circle Patterns Above Us; The Air That I Breathe

Solve problems that arise in other content areas (specifically social studies) relating to orienteering

Shaping Our World; Orienteering

Estimate distances Shaping Our World; Orienteering

Calculate the surface area of a rectangular prism

Shaping Our World; Packaging



Calculate the minimum surface area needed for a container when the volume is constant


Use Geoboards to find the area of triangles and parallelograms

Manufacturing: The Importance of Planning Ahead

Develop rules about finding the area of triangles and parallelograms


Determine the volume of a material by calculations and by water displacement

Manufacturing; Physical Properties of Materials

6.SP Statistics and Probability

Develop understanding of statistical variability.


Express probabilities using fractions

Patterns Within Us; Small, Smaller, Smallest

Multiply fractions Patterns Within Us; What’s Your Type?

Work flexibly with fractions, decimals, and percents


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Determine, describe, and interpret mean, median, mode, and range

Patterns in Weather; What Can We Expect?

Describe and interpret the spread of data using range


Explain the effects of decreasing and increasing by a percent

The Body Works; Percents are Everywhere

Express, using percentage, the number of acceptable parts and unacceptable parts within the tolerance interval

Manufacturing; Levels of Acceptable Standards

Observe, collect, and record data in numerical and graphical forms

Forecasting; Describing the Movement of a Pendulum

Make predictions based on probability

Animal Habitats; Chances Are

Design a chart and a tree diagram to illustrate the total number of possible outcomes


Summarize and describe distributions.

Use standard classification systems in mathematics, science, and technology

Patterns of Mobility; How to Sort

Participate in roles of Total Quality Management subsystems

Manufacturing; Manufacturing Systems

Mathematical Practices

1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 4. Model with mathematics. 5. Use appropriate tools strategically. 6. Attend to precision. 7. Look for and make use of structure. 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

Nearly all IMaST learning cycles involve aspects of Mathematical Practices.

7th Grade Category Standard IMaST Objective Module and LC

7.RP Ratios and Proportional Relationships

Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Use ratios and proportions to represent quantitative relationships


Express ratios with fractions, decimals, and percents

Patterns Below Us; Feeling the Heat Under Pressure

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Identify equivalent ratios Patterns of Mobility; Walk This Way

Solve problems involving scale factors, using ratios and proportions


Solve proportions The Body Works; How Much Makes One

Determine a scale for a map Shaping Our World; Orienteering

Explain the meaning of ratios as they are used in the scale of topographical and relief maps

Shaping Our World; Traveling Around

Construct a scaled map Living on the Edge; The Balancing Act

Estimate length in metric or standard measure

Manufacturing: Blue Stick Estimation

Calculate the break even point

Manufacturing: Statistical Process Control



Use a ratio to enlarge a product

Forecasting; Larger Data

Set up a ratio and rename as a percent

Animal Habitats; Size of Population

Determine the ratio and percentage of dominant and recessive traits

Animal Habitats; Patterns in Data III

Use scaling techniques Animal Habitats; Designing a Refuge


Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.

Identify prime and composite numbers

Patterns of Mobility; Walk This Way

Identify and add integers Patterns Below Us; Stake Your Claim

Explain the effects of decreasing and increasing by a percent

The Body Works; Percents Are Everywhere

Use the commutative property of addition and multiplication to simplify computations with integers, fractions and decimals

The Body Works; The Right Kind of Fuel

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Use the associative property of addition and multiplication to simplify computations with integers, fractions, and decimals

The Body Works; The Right Kind of Fuel

Develop real-life meaning for integers


Calculate equivalent forms of whole numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers


Add and subtract any combination of whole numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers


Multiply any combinations of while numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers

Manufacturing: Measuring For Geoboards

Divide any combination of whole numbers, fractions, and mixed numbers

Manufacturing: Playing the Nails




Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Apply the order of operations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

The Body Works; Operation Order

Translate an English expression into an algebraic expression using a variable

Forecasting: I Have…Who Has?

Collect like terms in an equation

Forecasting; Collecting Like Terms

Translate equations into graph form


Solve equations using the property of opposites and the property of reciprocals

Forecasting; Balancing with the Property of Opposites and the Property of Reciprocals

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.


Calculate the density of liquids


Generalize a mathematical pattern and write it as an expression and an equation using variables

The Body Works; Symbols and Shortcuts

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Model and solve conceptualized problems using various representations, such as graphs, tables and equations


Construct a PERT chart to improve production efficiency of the IMaST product

Manufacturing: Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Determine a retail price for the IMaST product


Name points on the coordinate grid using ordered pairs

Forecasting; Patterns in Coordinate Planes

Draw a best-fit line for a set of plotted data points


Describe patterns using the best-fit line



Describe the relationship between the coordinates of any two points on a line and the slope (rate of change)

Forecasting; Slope

Solve equations using the balance method

Forecasting; The Art of Balancing



7.G Geometry

Draw, construct and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Describe, classify, and understand relationships among types of triangles using their defining properties

Shaping Our World; Trying Out Triangles

Identify the characteristics of the five regular polyhedrons

Shaping Our World; Perspective of Dimensions

Explain why polyhedrons can be classified together


Solve problems using visualizations, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling


Compare shapes, symmetry, transformations, and movements in microorganisms to common geometric forms.

Shaping Our World; Living in Another World

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Use spatial sense and geometric visualization to draw tessellations and construct three-dimensional models of microorganisms


Estimate length in metric or standard measure


Measure for precision using metric or standard measure


Determine the properties of parallelograms and triangles

Manufacturing: Similarity

Determine the potential carrying capacity of a habitat using the relationship of area of the base of a rectangular prism to volume

Animal Habitats; Give Me Space

Identify pathways as connected graphs

Communication Pathways; Pathway to Circuits

Identify the components of a Eulerian circuit and a Hamiltonian circuit


Determine strategies for finding efficient Eulerian and Hamiltonian circuits


Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.



Estimate and measure angles between 0 and 180 degrees

Patterns in Weather; Why Does It Change?





Understand relationships among the angles and side lengths of similar triangles


Draw triangles with specified properties, such as side lengths or angle measures


Solve problems using visualizations, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling


Calculate the surface area of a rectangular prism


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Develop an understanding of population density

Living on the Edge; The Balancing Act

Use Geoboards to find the area of triangles and parallelograms


Develop rules about finding the area of triangles and parallelograms




Determine the density of a material


Identify relationships between physical characteristics data and performance data

Forecasting; Putting Data to Work



Determine the relationship between lateral surface area and volume for a triangular prism, a square prism, and a cylinder

Human Settlements: The Capacity of Water-Carrying Structures

Identify the shapes and forms in architecture and determine characteristics of structural stability

Human Settlements: Shapes, Angles, and Structures

Develop conjectures about relationships among angles


Develop conjectures about relationships among triangles and cause for structural stability


Calculate the measures and relationship of angles and polygons

Human Settlements; Tessellate a Structural Design


Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population.

Evaluate the effectiveness of natural, technological, and regulatory means of restoring and protecting the atmosphere


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Determine personal and/or social actions that would result in reduced formation of pollution


Formulate questions, design studies, and collect data about characteristics within one population


Use conjectures to formulate new questions and utilize reason skills to reach logical conclusions


Use sampling techniques to determine carrying capacity of a habitat

Animal Habitats: Size of Population

Analyze the results of an experiment using DAPIC

Animal Habitats; Patterns in Data II: Compiling Data About a Controlled Experiment



Draw informal comparative inferences about two populations.



Understand and use appropriate terminology to describe theoretical and experimental outcomes

Living on the Edge; Made to Order

Express, using percentage, the number of acceptable parts and unacceptable parts within the tolerance interval

Manufacturing; Levels of Acceptable Standards



Select the best method for communicating quantitative and qualitative information


Determine the effect of changing one variable on other variables

Systems; Looking at Relationships

Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.

Predict the chances of specific traits occurring in offspring when the parents’ traits are known

Patterns Within Us; I’ve Got to be Me

Identify all of the possible outcomes for a given event and calculate each outcome’s probability for that situation


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Identify Fabonacci Sequence





8th Grade Category Standard IMaST Objective Module and LC


Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.




Determine the benefits and drawbacks of carrying capacity of different water carrying structures



Work with radicals and integer exponents

Develop an understanding of large numbers by recognizing and appropriately using exponential scientific and calculator notation




Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Convert data tables into an appropriate chart or graph


Model and solve conceptualized problems using various representations, such as graphs, tables and equations


Construct matrices to organize data

Communication Pathways; Matrices I

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Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations

Display data in a line graph

Patterns Around Us; Now You See It, Now You Don’t

Use a systems model (input, process, output, feedback) to solve equations and determine the limits placed on a system

Systems; Input, Process, Output: Does It Work?

Generalize sequential patterns to form algebraic expressions

Systems; Say It With Words, Pictures, Tables, and Symbols

Translate word problems to system of equations and solve by graphing

Systems; Where Shall We Meet?

Determine the sum of two matrices

Communication Pathways; Matrices I

Calculate the product of matrices

Communication Pathways; Matrices II

Interpret matrices Communication Pathways; Matrices II

8.F Functions Define, evaluate, and compare functions

Identify functions as linear or nonlinear using tables, graphs, and equations

The Body Works; The Beat is On

Graph functions on a graphing calculator


Produce and interpret functions that demonstrate exponential changes

Animal Habitats; Patterns in Data I: Exponential Patterns

Calculate parts per million Human Settlements: H2O and ??? Measuring Using Parts Per Million (ppm)

Generalize sequential patterns to form algebraic expressions

Systems; Say It With Words, Pictures, Tables, and Symbols

Encode and decode messages based on data

Communication Pathways; Codes I

Use a tracking method for large amounts of data

Communication Pathways; Codes II

Recognize errors in compressed data

Communication Pathways; Codes III

Determine the equation that models the cyclic data produced by lights

Communication Pathways; Light Waves

Use functions to model relationships between quantities



Plot data points and determine lines of best fit


Develop actuarial tables for an animal based on life expectancies

Animal Habitats; Patterns in Data I: Exponential Patterns

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Identify the components and functions of a mathematical system

Systems: Unearthing the Code

Calculate the amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period of a sound wave

Communication Pathways; Sound Waves

Determine the relationships of the graph y=a sin bx to sound waves


Determine the amplitude, frequency, and period for data

Communication Pathways; Light Waves

8.G Geometry

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software



Determine the properties of parallelograms and triangles


Identify the shapes and forms in architecture and determine characteristics of structural stability


Develop conjectures about relationships among angles


Calculate the measures and relationship of angles and polygons


Describe the relationship of the number of sides of a polygon and the measures of the angles


Tessellate polygons and use properties of forms to construct a tessellations design


Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use geometry to find the Pythagorean Theorem


Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones and spheres.



Calculate the volume of a cylinder

Patterns Above Us; The Air That I Breathe


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Determine the relationship between lateral surface area and volume for a triangular prism, a square prism, and a cylinder


Determine the benefits and drawbacks of carrying capacity of different water carrying structures


Draw an ellipse and calculate its eccentricity

Systems; Orbital Systems

Describe the relationship between the length of the major axis, the distance between the foci, the eccentricity, and the shape of an ellipse

Systems; Orbital Systems


Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.





Identify Fabonacci Sequence


Collect, graph, and discuss data based on an experiment

Systems; Bouncing Balls

Determine if the relationship between variables is direct variation

Systems; Bouncing Balls

Identify relationships among variables


Determine the effect of changing one variable on other variables


Translate word problems to system of equations and solve by graphing

Systems; Where Shall We Meet?

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Correlation of IMaST Objectives and Learning Cycles to National Science Education Standards

5th to 8th Grade Category Standard IMaST Objective Module and LC

Science as Inquiry Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry

Make inferences from data collected


Change variables to discover information

Tools for Learning; What’s the Best Advantage

Use data tables to organize information


Record ideas in a journal Tools for Learning; Learning to Communicate

Use satellite images to track patterns of change in the weather patterns


Use scales to describe the strength of an earthquake


Use scientific notation Patterns Above Us; Atmospheric Layers

Calculate parts per million (ppm)

Patterns Above Us; One in a Million

Devise and apply a rating scale to measure concentrations


Measure lung capacity The Body Works; Circulating Blood

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Explain the meaning of ratios as they are used in the scale of topographical and relief maps


Use topographical maps to plan a route for a given purpose




Create a model of a fossil and describe how fossils provide important evidence of life long ago

Shaping Our World; Searching for Evidence

Given a purpose and constraints, design, sketch, and build a vehicle that will perform according to specifications

Shaping Our World; Pushing

Formulate questions, design studies, and collect data about characteristics within one population


Use conjectures to formulate new questions and utilize reason skills to reach logical conclusions


Measure for precision using metric or standard measure


Conduct investigations of the interactions of materials by collecting information and controlling variables to establish desired properties

Manufacturing; The Nature of Polymers





Identify and control the variables that lead to corrosion

Manufacturing; Chemical Properties of Materials

Conduct investigations to test materials to determine their strength, flammability, porosity, resistance to scratches, and/or adhesive nature

Manufacturing; Joining and Fastening

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Determine the effect of changing one variable in the pendulum system



Forecasting; Stretching Exercises



Draw best-fit lines and use graphs to make predictions


Describe slope of a line on a coordinate graph

Forecasting; Similarities and Differences in Graphs


Forecasting; Balancing Act


Forecasting; Pressure and Volume





Gather and record quantitative data

Forecasting; We Need Data

Gather and record qualitative data






Use various technologies to gather information

Animal Habitats; Keeping Track of Animals

Organize information into a database format


Sort a database to display desired information


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Design experiments which will identify water by its unique properties

Human Settlements; Getting to Know H2O

Understandings about scientific inquiry

Change variables to discover information


Observe, record, and interpret data from weather instruments to predict patterns in weather events


Determine what fraction of the atmosphere is oxygen


Formulate conclusions regarding the usefulness of plants to reduce pollutants in our air based on observations and research


Understand and use appropriate terminology to describe theoretical and experimental outcomes

Living on the Edge; Made to Order

Test the accuracy of general rules developed through research

Forecasting: Data Can Fly

Analyze the results of an experiment using DAPIC

Animal Habitats; Patterns in Data II: Compiling Data About a Controlled Experiment

Physical Science Properties and changes of properties in matter

Develop a classification system for a given group of items




Identify physical and chemical properties of various water and sol samples


Describe water as a solvent Patterns Around Us; Now You See It, Now You Don’t

Explain how water condenses


Explain what the concentrations of a solution means


Describe the oxidation process


Calculate parts per million (ppm)


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Devise and apply a rating scale to measure concentrations


Classify sample materials according to their observable characteristics

Manufacturing; Materials of Manufacturing

Classify sample materials according to four categories used in manufacturing


Conduct investigations of the interactions of materials by collecting information and controlling variables to establish desired properties

Manufacturing; The Nature of Polymers

Classify materials as acidic, basic, or neutral, based on observable characteristics


Determine if substances react based on visual evidence




Classify sample materials according to their thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties

Manufacturing; Other Physical Properties


Manufacturing; Dowel Rod Strength verses Diameter and Weathering



Predict the effects of variable on the temperature of a salt and water mixture


Predict the effect of changing the pressure or volume of a gas

Forecasting; Pressure and Volume

Describe how water moves in an ecosystem

Human Settlements; What Goes Up Must Come Down

Motions and forces Change variables to discover information


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Identify the attraction and repulsion of magnets

Shaping Our World; Suspending

Explain the buoyancy principle

Shaping Our World; Adapting

Determine the effect of changing one variable in the pendulum system


Predict the effect of variables on the elasticity of a spring or rubber band

Forecasting; Stretching Exercises

Use the principle of center of mass to balance an object

Forecasting; Balancing Act

Design and conduct experiments to determine aerodynamic characteristics such as lift and drag of various shapes

Forecasting; Get a Lift From Data

Apply Newton’s laws of motion to describe how forces affect a given system of objects or events

Systems: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

Predict the effect of gravity on objects in a system

Systems: Don’t Bring Me Down

Use the properties of waves to predict the outcome when changing variables in a wave experiment

Communication Pathways; Making Waves

Transfer of energy Describe how nutrients are used to provide energy for human growth and development

The Body Works; Nutrition

Explain relationships among force, distance, work, time, and power

The Body Works; Workout



Trace how all living creatures acquire energy form the sun

Living on the Edge; Needing Each Other

Identify renewable energy resources

Living on the Edge; Alternative Ways

Describe the characteristics of series and parallel circuits


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Illustrate how energy can be converted from one form to another


Describe the type of direct energy conversion devices that can be made to minimize negative social, cultural, and environmental impacts in our world


Use heating and cooling concepts to design a home to allow for more efficient use of energy resources

Human Settlements; Heating and Cooling

Identify the amounts of potential and kinetic energy of an object in a given situation

Human Settlements; Investigating Potential and Kinetic Energy

Identify energy conversions and use them in order to solve problems

Human Settlements; Energy Detectives

Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of electrical generation including environmental impacts

Human Settlements; Generating Electricity With an Eye on Sustainability

Design and build a parabolic reflector

Systems; Providing Feedback

Analyze sound produced by a single tone


Differentiate between series and parallel circuits and how they work

Communication Pathways; Current Communications

Distinguish among important properties of sound, including amplitude, frequency, and wavelength in various situations

Communications Pathways; Sound: Hear and There

Predict how the movement of light changes due to reflection

Communication Pathways; I Can See Clearly Now

Describe how refraction affects our visual perception of objects

Communication Pathways; I Can See Clearly Now

Describe from sender to receiver how light and color is transmitted

Communication Pathways; Color My World

Describe how magnetism, electronic current, and vibrations function to produce sound waves

Communication Pathways; Good Vibrations

28


Compare laser light to ordinary light

Communication Pathways; Lasers

Life Science

Structure and function in living systems

Describe human mobility Patterns of Mobility; Walk this way

Design things that use mechanical and human motions


Compare and contrast migratory and mobility patterns to an animal’s structure and function


Compare structure and function of plant and animal cells


Illustrate and describe the human digestive system

The Body Works; Digestion

Explain how other internal structures (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) interact with the human digestive system


Illustrate and explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together

The Body Works; Circulating Blood

Explain how bones and joints allow movement

The Body Works; Energy in Motion

Illustrate how muscles make joints move






Compare general characteristics of living organisms including classifications systems use to organize and sort them

Living on the Edge; Millions and Millions of Species

Trace how all living creatures acquire energy from the sun


Analyze a given situation using the requirements that are necessary to sustain life

Animal Habitats; Survival

29


Predict when, how, and why osmosis will occur in a given ecosystem under certain conditions

Animal Habitats; Eggciting Investigations

Analyze the parts and functions of biological systems

Systems: Where Are All the Parts?

Reproduction and heredity Describe the passing of hereditary traits through generations


Describe how plants reproduce


Predict the chances of specific traits occurring in offspring when the parents’ traits are known


Describe how hereditary information is transferred in the reproduction of a species

Patterns Within Us; Copycat



Regulation and behavior Describe and compare structure and function of living organisms to their space needs

Patterns of Mobility; Don’t Fence Me In

Formulate conclusions regarding the usefulness of plants to reduce pollutants in our air based on observations and research


Describe how nutrients are used to provide energy for human growth and development


Describe how immunizations work

The Body Works; Resisting Diseases

Describe the conditions that must be present for a plant to grow

Living on the Edge; What’s That Smell?

Identify nutrients that promote plant growth that are typically found in soil


Describe the process of seed germination

Living on the Edge; Growing Up

Trace how all living creatures acquire energy form the sun


Identify species that depend on oxygen and those that produce oxygen


30


Select the best soil types for seeds to grow beyond the germination process


Identify behaviors and indicate how they allow survival in the organism’s habitat

Animal Habitats; Physical and Behavioral Traits

Describe how animal interactions affect the ability of organisms to acquire their life requirements

Animal Habitats; Can’t We All Just Get Along?

Populations and ecosystems Illustrate and explain the composition of air pollution

Patterns Above Us; Lost in the Ozone

Describe the sources and levels of pollutions in the atmosphere and the effects pollutions has on living things




Explain the relationship between environmental changes and the extinction of living organisms

Shaping Our World; Dying to Live

Develop an understanding of population density


Select the best soil types for seeds to grow beyond the germination process


Describe how populations can increase at rapid rates without disease, as is the case in agriculture

Living on the Edge; To Be or Not to Be (Organic)

Describe how different animal and plant species live together in an ecosystem


Describe the factors that limit and promote population growth


Describe how balance between organisms and resources can be maintained in a given ecosystem


Use sampling techniques to determine carrying capacity of a habitat

Animal Habitats: Size of Population

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Design, adjust, or describe a closed ecosystem that will allow a carbon dioxide/oxygen cycle to exist

Animal Habitats; Share the Air

Determine the optimum conditions for growth of a given organism through experimentation

Animal Habitats; Population Growth

Predict when, how, and why osmosis will occur in a given ecosystem under certain conditions

Animal Habitats; Eggciting Investigations

Describe how animal interactions affect the ability of organisms to acquire their life requirements

Animal Habitats; Can’t We All Just Get Along?

Describe how water moves in an ecosystem

Human Settlements; What Goes Up Must Come Down

Diversity and adaptations of organisms



Describe the relationship between the structure of microorganisms and plant cells




Create a model of a fossil and describe how fossils provide important evidence of life long ago


Explain the relationship between environmental changes and the extinction of living organisms


Explain how disease affects plants at the cellular level


Determine the optimum conditions for growth of a given organism through experimentation

Animal Habitats; Population Growth

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Identify physical adaptations and indicate how they allow survival in the organism’s habitat

Animal Habitats; Physical and Behavioral Traits

Earth and Space Science

Structure of the earth system Describe the relationship between revolutions and rotations of the earth and show how it determines the time of day and the seasons


Explain relative humidity Patterns in Weather; Where Do We Go?

Describe the effects that land and water have on air temperature


Describe the location and natural state of several raw materials




Analyze the causes of plate movements and connect these ideas to changes on the Earth’s surface


Determine what fraction of the atmosphere is oxygen


Describe and compare the layers in the atmosphere

Patterns Above Us; Atmospheric Layers

Illustrate and explain the composition of air pollution




Describe why the seasons occur and predict seasons in different locations on the Earth

Systems; We Had Joy, We Had Fun, We Had Seasons in the Sun

Earth’s history Describe the effects that natural forces have on the earth’s surface


Describe how changes in the Earth’s layers occur over time


Describe the rock cycle and forces involved


Determine how and why geological forces are constructive or destructive


33


Analyze the causes of plate movements and connect these ideas to changes on the Earth’s surface


Describe the mold and cast method of fossil production


Explain the important role that carbon plays in determining the age and history of the Earth’s inhabitants


Earth in the solar system Produce a model for a system that compares various attributes of objects within the system

Systems; That Model Looks Good!

Predict the effect of gravity on objects in a system

Systems: Don’t Bring Me Down

Predict the effects of Earth, moon, sun interactions

Systems; Earth-Moon-Sun Interactions

Describe why the seasons occur and predict seasons in different locations on the Earth

Systems; We Had Joy, We Had Fun, We Had Seasons in the Sun

Science and Technology

Abilities of technological design Design and make a product Tools for Learning; Learning to Communicate

Use information gathered to design a solution to a problem






Make a simple stethoscope The Body Works; Circulating Blood

Make a food product using a production technique

The Body Works; Added Zip

Describe the operation of a solenoid and its similarities and differences to muscles


Design under constraint The Body Works; Workout

Design and build a magnetic levitation device


Design and build an air-cushioned vehicle


34




Apply knowledge to design and develop an amphibious vehicle


Design a device utilizing appropriate technology

Living on the Edge; Driving on Empty

Choose the best material based on their thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, chemical and/or physical properties when given the needs of a project and a list of available materials

Manufacturing; Choices for a Product





Select, identify, or produce materials based on their composition, cost , and use

Manufacturing; Color Separation


Manufacturing; Wood Finish Testing

Explain and use a design process

Manufacturing; Product Design and Development

Formulate general rules regarding relationships between physical characteristics data and performance data


Design and build a product based on research




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Gather information from a database

Animal Habitats; Designing a Refuge

Combine various strategies to design a product



Gather data and design a product to solve a problem

Animal Habitat; Wildlife Management





Design and build an electrical communication device


Design and build a musical instrument that produces multiple wavelengths of pitches

Communication Pathways; Sound: Hear and There

Understandings about science and technology

Explain how advances in scientific tools can lead to discovery


Explain genetic engineering Patterns Within Us; Copycat

Describe the design and operation of various weather instruments and explain how they are calibrated


Describe the X-ray process The Body Works; Body Shop

Identify advances and innovations in medical technologies


Describe human actions that cause changes in living organisms over a long period of time


Compare the effects of organic and manufactured products used in promoting plant growth


Design, build, and use a human-made ecosystem

Living on the Edge; Control Your Environment

Define appropriate technology


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Identify some of the environmental effects on materials and/or the behavior of living things in the environment under normal or extreme conditions

Manufacturing: Wood Finish Testing


Manufacturing: Impact Study on Protozoa


Manufacturing: Product Testing

Assess the application of technological knowledge and abilities on the environment

Animal Habitats; Wildlife Management

Distinguish between natural and human-made (technological) systems

Systems; Macro Systems

Identify how the basic system parts relate to one another and to natural systems

Systems: What’s In a System?

Describe the various applications of lasers, particularly in communication


Describe the basic operation of optoelectronics and some of its applications

Communication Pathways; Putting Light to Work

Science in Personal and Social Perspectives

Personal health Describe the sources and levels of pollutions in the atmosphere and the effects pollutions has on living things


37


Describe how nutrients are used to provide energy for human growth and development


Determine the nutritional content of a healthy meal


Explain how other internal structures (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) interact with the human digestive system


Describe, scientifically, the health benefits of aerobic capacity

The Body Works; Fit for Life

Formulate a personal aerobic fitness plan


Identify the social and psychological factors leading to tobacco use

The Body Works; Tobacco Kills

Identify the long term effects of tobacco use


List several food supplement ingredients and explain how they are used by the body




Populations, resources, and environments

Describe the different perspectives topographical and relief maps provide




Describe the global distribution of natural resources

Living on the Edge; The Booming World…The Depleting Resources



Determine appropriate methods of storage of materials and disposal of waste products

Manufacturing; Materials Impact Study



38












Build a presentation model Animal Habitats; Designing a Refuge

Identify natural and human-made resources which influence global and national populations patterns

Human Settlements; Why Here?

Design a sustainable city with the essential services and zones

Human Settlements; Design a City

Natural hazards Design, build, and use a human-made ecosystem


Identify natural and human-made resources which influence global and national populations patterns

Human Settlements; Why Here?

Risks and benefits Describe, scientifically, the health benefits of aerobic capacity


Identify the long term effects of tobacco use






39







Manufacturing: Materials Impact Study



Science and technology in society Discuss appropriate applications of genetic engineering




Identify various ways that technology and its uses affect humans




Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of electrical generation including environmental impacts

Human Settlements; Generating Electricity With an Eye on Sustainability

History and Nature of Science

Science as a human endeavor Nature of science History of science

Addressed in practically all learning cycles. Several “Making Connection” readings address issues in science.

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Correlation of IMaST Objectives and Learning Cycles to Standards for Technological Literacy

6th to 8th Grade Category Standard IMaST Objective Module and LC

Nature of Technology Characteristics and Scope of Technology

Describe the development of transportation technologies






Classify common devices into one of three technological systems

Systems: Macro Systems

Core Concepts of Technology Identify and trace a product’s lifecycle from inception to disposal

Living on the Edge; What Should We Do With All the Garbage?



Distinguish between natural and human-made (technological) systems


Analyze and describe the function of technological systems used in everyday life


Identify the basic parts common to all technological systems


Identify how the basic system parts relate to one another and to natural systems


Break a given complex system into subsystems

Systems: Systems Are Complex

Describe the function of each subsystem and how each contributes to the overall system

Systems; Systems Are Complex

Define a closed loop and open look feedback system


Relationships among technologies and the connections between technology and other fields



41




Explain the buoyancy principle












Technology and Society

The cultural, social, economic, and political effects of technology

Discuss appropriate applications of genetic engineering








The effects of technology on the environment

Explain how materials can be removed from water


Describe various methods and devices for water conservation


Analyze environmental concerns related to the natural resource extraction methods




42






Identify and trace a product’s lifecycle from inception to disposal

Living on the Edge; What Should We do With All the Garbage?












Manufacturing: Materials Impact Study

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Make a plan for monitoring the impact the device will have on a given animal species

Animal Habitats; Hello, We’re Here

The role of society in the development and use of technology







Prepare and administer a market survey for the selected product


Prepare, administer, and evaluate a market survey for a selected product

Manufacturing; Conducting Market Research: A Survey

The influence of technology on history



Identify various ways that technology and its uses affect humans


Design

The attributes of design Design a device utilizing appropriate technology


Identify relationships between physical characteristics data and performance data


Formulate general rules regarding relationships between physical characteristics data and performance data


Engineering Design Make inferences from data collected


Design and make a product Tools for Learning; Learning to Communicate


Patterns of Mobility; Walk this way

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Design a robot that will perform a gripping function




Explain and use a design process




Role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving






Choose the best material based on their thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, chemical and/or physical properties when given the needs of a project and a list of available materials

Manufacturing; Choices for a Product





Select, identify, or produce materials based on their composition, cost , and use

Manufacturing; Color Separation


Manufacturing; Wood Finish Testing

45










Test the accuracy of general rules developed through research


Analyze the performance of a product


Determine the airflow around objects of various shapes

Forecasting: Get a Lift From Data



Predict performance of a product








Abilities for a Technological World

Apply the design process Work effectively as a member of a team


Use information gathered to design a solution to a problem


Communicate design solutions through sketches

Tools for Learning; Learning to Communicate

Record ideas in a journal Tools for Learning; Learning to Communicate

Communicate size and distance relationships with scale drawings


Communicate effectively Patterns Within Us; Copycat

Design a robot that will perform a gripping function


46











Design a device utilizing appropriate technology


Design, build, and use jigs and fixtures to control a tool and/or work piece during manufacturing processing

Manufacturing; Materials and Processes

Design and build a mock-up and prototype of a product


Design and make packaging for the selected product


Design and build a product based on research


Construct a product using specifications






Build a presentation model Animal Habitats; Designing a Refuge


Gather data and design a product to solve a problem

Animal Habitat; Wildlife Management

Document their design work through the use of various drawings

Animal Habitats; Documentations and Proposal

Read drawings to create a bill of material


Organize and present information using a variety of methods to persuade an audience


47








Design and build a musical instrument that produces multiple wavelengths of pitches

Communication Pathways; Sound: Hear and There

Use and Maintain technological products and systems

Describe methods of controlling flow rate.




Describe the purpose of controls in systems




Classify sample materials according to their thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties

Manufacturing; Other Physical Properties

Safely and correctly operate the tools and machines used to manufacture a product

Manufacturing; Production Training

Use tools, materials, and equipment properly and safely

Animal Habitats; Build It

Encode, send, and decode messages

Communication Pathways; Nothing But the Fax

Encode and decode a message using an analog device


Encode and decode a message using a digital (on/off) device


Assess the impact of products and systems



48










Analyze problems discovered in the pilot production run

Manufacturing; Pilot Run



Develop a procedure for installing a device in a natural habitat


Make a plan for monitoring the impact the device will have on a given animal species


The Designed World Medical technologies Explain genetic engineering


Make a simple stethoscope The Body Works; Circulating Blood





Describe the X-ray process The Body Works; Body Shop

Explain various methods for immobilizing a broken bone

The Body Works; Body Shop





49


Agricultural and related biotechnologies

Explain how materials can be removed from water


Describe various methods and devices for water conservation






Describe the conditions that must be present for a plant to grow


Identify nutrients that promote plant growth that are typically found in soil








Energy and power technologies Use information gathered to design a solution to a problem






Explain relationships among force, distance, work, time, and power

The Body Works; Workout

Identify the attraction and repulsion of magnets




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Identify renewable energy resources




Illustrate how energy can be converted from one form to another






Identify the amounts of potential and kinetic energy of an object in a given situation

Human Settlements; Investigating Potential and Kinetic Energy

Identify energy conversions and use them in order to solve problems

Human Settlements; Energy Detectives







Compare laser light to ordinary light


Identify selected electronic components and describe their function


Describe the basic operation of optoelectronics and some of its applications


Information and communication technologies

Describe the design and operation of various weather instruments and explain how they are calibrated


Use satellite images to track patterns of change in the weather patterns


51


Explain how an image can be produced on photographic paper

The Body Works; Body Shop



Design a brochure The Body Works; Resisting Diseases

Use road maps to identify possible travel routes

Shaping Our World; Navigating

Design, draw, and propose possible bike routes in the local community












Organize and present information using a variety of methods to persuade an audience








Encode, send, and decode messages


Illustrate the operation of a fax machine as a communication device


Describe the various applications of lasers, particularly in communication


52


Encode and decode a message using an analog device


Encode and decode a message using a digital (on/off) device


Illustrate and describe the process for electronic navigations systems

Communication Pathways; Please Tell Me Where We Are

Compare LORAN and GPS navigation systems


Transportation technologies Describe the development of transportation technologies




Use road maps to identify possible travel routes












Determine the airflow around objects of various shapes

Forecasting: Get a Lift From Data

Control the flight of an airplane by adjusting moveable control surfaces


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(given parameters) Design systems that provide fresh water collection and distribution, waste water collection and treatment, storm water collections and disposal, energy production and distribution, and transportation

Human Settlements; Essential City

Break a given complex system into subsystems

Systems: Systems Are Complex

Describe the function of each subsystem and how each contributes to the overall system

Systems; Systems Are Complex

Illustrate and describe the process for electronic navigations systems


Compare LORAN and GPS navigation systems


Manufacturing technologies Describe the location and natural state of several raw materials




Construct a package for a product




Identify and trace a product’s lifecycle from inception to disposal


List several alternative routes for waste products to reenter as useful products






Classify sample materials according to four categories used in manufacturing


54


Determine a retail price for the IMaST product


Design, build, and use jigs and fixtures to control a tool and/or work piece during manufacturing processing

Manufacturing; Materials and Processes

Design a process for making a small manufactured prototype using standard stock

Manufacturing; Manufacturing Geoboards by Processing Materials

Explain the need for interchangeable parts

Manufacturing; Combining and Interchangeable Parts

Identify the differences among components, subassemblies, and finished products

Manufacturing; Combining and Interchangeable Parts



Organize and operate a pilot production run


Analyze problems discovered in the pilot production run


Participate in a manufacturing production run and produce a set number of products

Manufacturing; Production Run

Follow drawings, printed instructions, and mock-up models to build a product


Use tools, materials, and equipment properly and safely


Construction technologies Explain the importance of the angle of the sun’s rays in architectural design




Critique construction methods for appropriate use in earthquake-prone areas




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Identify resources that promote sustainability in a given community

Human Settlements; Essentials of a Settlement

Design and build pneumatic structures and geodesic domes

Human Settlements; Human Structures

Design a sustainable city with the essential services and zones

Human Settlements; Design a City

(given parameters) Design systems that provide fresh water collection and distribution, waste water collection and treatment, storm water collections and disposal, energy production and distribution, and transportation

Human Settlements; Essential City

Create a sustainable human settlement that includes residential, commercial, and industrial zones

Human Settlements; Building a Sustainable Human Settlement

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For more information about IMaST, place an order, or to discuss professional

development options, please contact:

Dr. Brad Christensen, IMaST Coordinator Center for Mathematics, Science and Technology

Illinois State University Campus Box 5960

Normal, IL 61790-5960 Phone: (309) 438-1899

Email: [email protected]

Visit us on-line

http://cemast.illinoisstate.edu/

This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 8919002. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation

http://cemast.illinoisstate.edu/

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