Stem and Root Modifications Floral Careers Plant Propagation.
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Transcript of Stem and Root Modifications Floral Careers Plant Propagation.
![Page 1: Stem and Root Modifications Floral Careers Plant Propagation.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56649cd85503460f949a046f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stem and Root Modifications
Floral Careers Plant Propagation
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What Exactly is a Stem?Before we go any further in this
presentation, let’s define a stem.A stem:
is generally considered to be the central axis of the plant.
supports the leaves and flowers of a plant. has nodes from which new shoots and
sometimes new roots can arise. is usually found above-ground, but can be modified and found below-ground as well.
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Stem Modifications
The following are stem modifications: Tubers Corms Bulbs Rhizomes Stolons
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Tubers
A tuber is an underground stem that stores food.
We know a potato is a tuber because it has nodes (eyes) which produce new shoots.
A potato is a tuber
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Corms
A corm is a swollen, vertical stem with a papery covering.
Gladiolus and Crocus are examples of plants that form corms.
Crocus corms
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Corm Growth Cycle
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Gladiolus corms with cormels
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Bulbs
Bulbs come in 2 basic types: Tunicate bulbs; onions and tulips are examples. Scaly bulbs; tiger and asiatic lilies are
examples.
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Tunicate Bulbs
Tunicate bulbs have: A papery outer
covering called a tunic. A compressed,
modified stem with nodes, called a basal plate.
Fleshy scales made of modified leaf tissue.
A tunicate bulb
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Tunicate Bulbs
Fleshy Scales
Basal Plate
Onion is a tunicate bulb
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Tunicate Bulbs
Tunicate bulbs form “onion rings” when cut in cross-section.
Onion bulb shown in cross-section
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Scaly Bulbs
The other type of true bulb is a scaly bulb. Scaly bulbs: Lack a papery covering (tunic). Have a basal plate. Have fleshy scales made of leaf tissue. Do not form “onion rings” when cut in cross-
section.
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Scaly Bulbs
Lilium is a scaly bulb
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Bulb Growth Cycle
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Rhizomes
Rhizomes are: underground stems. horizontally-growing. produce shoots and
adventitious roots.
Iris rhizome
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Rhizomes
Some plants, like quack grass, produce long, thin rhizomes.
Quack Grass
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Rhizomes
Other plants, like ginger, produce large, thick rhizomes called pachymorphs.
The pachymorph rhizome of Ginger
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Stolons
Stolons are: Aboveground stems. Grow horizontally. Produce shoots and adventitious roots. Strawberry and Spider Plant are examples of
plants that produce stolons.
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Stolons
Wild Strawberry stolons
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Root Modifications
There are 2 basic types of root modifications: Fleshy Tap Roots Tuberous Roots
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Fleshy Tap Roots
Carrots, beets, and radishes are examples of plants forming fleshy tap roots.
Carrots
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Tuberous Roots
Sweet potato is an example of a tuberous root.
A sweet potato is a tuberous root
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Tuberous Roots
Dahlias are perennial bedding plants that form tuberous roots.
Dahlia
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