Steel Construction

Mostly Used In

Advantages Of Steel Construction

Allowing architect to create some of the most challenging structures

they have designed in their mind

Why are Connections so Important in Structural Steel?

Most structural steel failures happen at connections.... where a beam connects to a column where a joist connects to a beam where a hanging rod connects to a beam

Hyatt Regency hotel walkway collapse occurred at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City in Kansas City, Missouri, United States on Friday, July 17, 1981.

forth-floor walkway collapsed onto the second-floor walkway. Both walkways then fell to the lobby floor below, resulting in 111 deaths at the scene and 219 injuries.

Kansas City Hyatt Regency hotel

In the original design, the beams of the fourth floor walkway had to support only the weight of the fourth floor walkway, with the weight of the second floor walkway supported completely by the rods.

In the revised design, however, the fourth floor beams were required to support both the fourth floor walkway and the second floor walkway hanging from it. With the load on the fourth-floor beams doubled.

Investigators found that changes to the design of the walkway's steel tie rods were the cause of its failure.

The lesson learned from the Kansas City Hyatt Regency hotel collapse is that fabrication and erection must be carefully done according to the structural steel design with responsibilities

U.S. Steel TowerClient: United States Steel

Architect: Harrison Abramowitz & Abbe Architects

Structural engineer: Leslie E. Robertson Associates

Main contractor: Turner Construction

Location: Pittsburgh, PA

Floor count: 64-story

Floor area: 2,300,000 sq ft (210,000 m2)

Height: 840 ft / 256 m

Tower contains steel : over 44,000 U.S. tons (40,000 metric tons) of structural steel

Awards:Architectural Award of ExcellenceAmerican Institute of Steel Construction

Honor Award for Engineering Excellence, 1970Consulting Engineers Council

Grand Award for Engineering ExcellenceNew York Association of Consulting Engineers

Main Purpose to going for a steel construction

• High rise building• triangular shape is

due to the strange shape of the site.

• Speed of construction• Its strength • Low weight

Features of U.S. Steel Tower Bolted Steel Construction Girt and Purlin clips are factory welded

on all structural steel. The tower contains over 44,000 U.S.

tons (40,000 metric tons) of structural steel

It is the tallest skyscraper in Pittsburgh 64-story office building is the one of the

largest privately owned buildings in the world.

The exterior wall is of unconventional construction

Floors attached to the exterior column at every third story....

The primary structure, then, is on a 3-story module.

Roof Structure

largest roof in the world at its height or above” given its flat design and huge size of almost an acre of roof space

U.S. Steel Tower, New Technology• Use Cor-ten steel.

Cor-ten resists the • corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and

other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and

• doesn't need painting • No architectural" cladding of the columns, as

the weathering steel

• The building also made history by being the first to use liquid-filled fireproofed columns.(eighteen monumental columns )

This method saved the client about $1 million.

U.S. Steel Tower, New Technology

• Portal frames Prevent from wind load

larger buildings steel buildings wind loads

Some New Technologies in steel construction

• Pre engineering building• cutting and welding is completed at factory. Then it just deliver and erect at site without doing any fabrication work.

• Light steel frame technology• 30% less weight

• Bundled tube system• Combination of more than one tube acting together as a single tube• Single tubes can be arranged together in Different shape, rectangular, triangular, etc• No interior column