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Hnqylunam` Boym``uc~ 95(5. 5668 8>>> 8>

Qyoo` my yho imsg lj amvnym`nqb4 uojlubmynlg,yoahgl`lc~ mgi og`nchyogbogy

Vm` Eo`jlui

MEQYUMAY4 Yho hnqylu~ lj yho sm~q lj yhngkngc shnah ahmumayounqo yho Mco lj

Og`nchyogbogy amg eo yumaoi emak yl `myo boinozm` hbmgnqb' Yho iozo`lvbogy

lj aobogymynlg qyoo`bmkngc ng omu`~ =3yh aogyu~ Ogc`mgi smq lgo lj yho omu`noqy

algauoyo oxvuoqqnlgq lj mg og`nchyogbogy blio lj yhlchy' My lgo `ozo` yhouo

nq m bmyounm` alggoaynlg eoysoog yho vuliayq lj qah jugmaoq mgi yho culsngcOg`nchyogbogyaobogymynlg qyoo` smq qoi yl auomyo yho somvlgq lj yho anzn` smu,

mgi vulznioi ngqyubogyq shnah iulzo jlusmui m qanogyna uozl`ynlg julb `myo ng yho

=3yh aogyu~' Hlsozou, my mglyhou `ozo` yhouo nq m bluo albv`ox uo`mynlgqhnv eoysoog

injjouogy niomq mely hls yho slu`i smq qyuayuoi' Yhnq vmvou sn`` muco yhmy yho

ioqncg, algqyuaynlg mgi lvoumynlg lj yhoqo jugmaoq jluboi m io`neoumyo`~ umynlgm`

may my yho imsg lj yho amvnym`nqy oum4 yho zou~ may lj qyoo`bmkngc smq m eunico eoysoog

hbmgnqb mgi yho Og`nchyogbogy'

Ngyuliaynlg

Yho Ogc`nqh Og`nchyogbogy nq qm``~ uocmuioi mq

eongc algynclq snyh yho `lgc =8yh aogyu~, cmngngc

blbogyb mjyou yho Uoqylumynlg mgi coyyngc j``~ ngyl nyq

qyunio ng yho omu`~ =366q' Dlo` Blk~u hmq qoi yho youb

Ngiqyunm` Og`nchyogbogy yl ioqauneo yho =8yh"aogyu~

vulaoqq lj qyi~ngc gmyum` vhoglbogm mgi uoc`munynoq,

uoiangc yhob yl cogoum` vunganv`oq mgi yhog mvv`~ngc

yhob yl yho vulaoqqoq lj bmgjmayuo mgi yumio (Blk~u

566:, 53=1.' Hlsozou ny nq injjna`y yl ncgluo yho

Qanogyna Uozl`ynlg shnah ngjluboi mgi vuoaoioi

yho Og`nchyogbogy; shnah ng nyq yug smq vuoaoioi

e~ yho iozo`lvbogy lj hbmgnqy nginznim`nqb ng yho

=:yh aogyu~' Ng yhnq algyoxy ny nq vouhmvq vuojoume`o yl

iogo Og`nchyogbogy gly mq m yobvlum` algqyuay snyh

m amvnym` O ey mq m vhn`lqlvhnam` lgo' Ng yhnq jlub ny

nq m blzobogy algaougoi snyh umynlgm`ny~, snyh bmkngc

obvnunam` leqouzmynlgq mgi iozo`lvngc sm~q lj giou"

qymgingc yho slu`i yhmy muo ngiovogiogy lj uoaonzoi

snqilb' Qah mg oxvounogynm` lu oxvounbogym` mvvulmah

smq oxv`nany`~ qoy ly omu`~ ng yho =3yh aogyu~ e~ Jumganq

Emalg, shl zm`oi yho ngauomqo ng hbmg kgls`oico

cmngoi shog yho oxvounogao lj qozoum` b~qyounoq qhm``

jm`` giou yho algqnioumynlg lj lgo bmgq bngi (Emalg

=:6?, anyoi ng Komugo~ =>:9, =55.' Yumangc yho yumdoaylu~lj Emalgnmg obvnunanqb emak juyhou, ny nq vlqqne`o yl

muco yhmy yho og`nchyogbogy eocmg snyh yho uo"inq"

alzou~ lj Munqylyo`nmg yhlchy ng yho Bnii`o Mcoq mgi

yho oboucogao lj hbmgnqbnyqo`j omingc, lgo sm~ lu

mglyhou, yl yho Uojlubmynlg'

Muyq mgi b~qyounoq lj hnqylu~ mgi muahmol`lc~

Yho Blgkq m`` yhlchy ny smq qyn`` yho Bnii`o Mcoq'

Ql Hogu~ yl`i Aulbso`` yl vmqq m zou~ qyulgc May

qm~ngc yhmy yho Bnii`o Mcoq souo m`` lzou mgi yho blg"

mqyounoq souo m`` yl eo inqql`zoi (Qo``mu mgi ^omybmg

=>16, :9.'

Yho glynlg yhmy yho vulaoqq lj Uojlubmynlg mgi

Uogmnqqmgao eulchy mely yho blioug slu`i nq gly

gos; ngiooi ny smq lgo lj yho alugouqylgoq lj vulcuoqq"

nzo hnqylunoq julb `myo ng yho =>yh aogyu~ lgsmuiq'

Qah shnccnqh gmuumynzoq qlchy yl obvhmqnqo yho unqo

lj nginznim`nqb my yho oxvogqo lj yho aluvlumyo eli~'

Yho mucbogy smq ymkog m qymco juyhou e~ Bmx Soeou

my yho eocnggngc lj yho 56yh aogyu~, shl uocmuioi yho

oboucogao lj amvnym`nqy qlanoy~ mq yho algqo}ogao ljino vulyoqymgynqaho Oyhnk(Soeou =>69?.' Yho niom

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EO@JLUI4 QYOO@ MY YHO IMSG LJ AMVNYM@NQB HB 95(5. 5668

yhmy yho Uojlubmynlg (vulyoqymgy mgi umynlgm`. bmukoi

yho ogi lj yho Bnii`o Mcoq (amyhl`na mgi qvouqynynlq.

uobmngoi ilbngmgy gyn` so`` mjyou yho qoalgi slu`i

smu (@ohbmgg mgi Ulyh =>>?.' Yho qyi~ lj yho

oalglbna hnqylu~ lj Ogc`nqh ngiqyunm`nqmynlg, shnah

oboucoi ng yho =>56q mgi maao`oumyoi ng yho =>?6q, ini

`nyy`o yl ahm``ogco mgi bah yl qvvluy yho niom lj yho

vulyoqymgy oyhna' Glyme`o mblgc qah omu`~ qyinoq

smq yho sluk lj Vuljoqqlu Y Q Mqhylg mgi yho ]mkou

hnqylunmg Muyhu Umnqyunak' Yhonu vouqvoaynzo smq

ahm``ogcoi ng yho =>86q e~ hnqylunmgq lj yho Mggm`oq

qahll`, glyme`~ e~ Jougmgi Eumio`, shl qlchy yl

oxv`luo yho qyuayuoq lj ozou~im~ `njo (Eumio`

=>8=.' Qah mvvulmahoq souo ng yug aunynanqoi jlu yhonu

Oulaogyunany~, mgi julb bluo uoaogy iozo`lvbogyq yho

youb omu`~ blioug hmq oboucoi mq m bluo snio`~ ma"

aovyme`o vounli ioqaunvylu jlu hnqylunmgq (Eogy`o~ 5663,

=9=>.' Muahmol`lcnqyq, lg yho lyhou hmgi, hmzo lg`~uoaogy`~ albo yl mcuoo yhmy yho vounli mjyou a=?66 nq

ozog sluyh~ lj qyi~mgi muo qyn`` jmu julb ioanioi

mely yho sm~ ng shnah yhmy qyi~ qhl`i vulaooi'

Ngyouoqyngc`~, muahmol`lc~ nq nyqo`j mg lyalbo lj yho

og`nchyogbogy vuldoay yl nbvulzo yho hbmg alg"

inynlg yhulch umynlgm` leqouzmynlg lj yho slu`i' Yho

uqy a`mqqnamynlg lj Ogc`nqh muahmol`lcnam` qnyoq mgi

`mgiqamvoq smq mucme`~ Dlhg Meuo~q (gve`nqhoi.

Blgbogym Eunymggnam lj yho myo =3yh aogyu~ (Jls`oq

=>85.' Yho Qlanoy~ lj Mgyn}munoq lj @lgilg smq jlgioing =363' Ng vmuy, yho unqo lj mgyn}munmgnqb ng yho =8yh

aogyu~ smq mqqlanmyoi snyh yho iozo`lvbogy lj gmynlgm`

mgi nbvounm` niogynynoq' O}mynlg lj yho gos`~ inq"

alzouoi volv`oq lj gluyh Mbounam snyh mganogy Eunylgq

souo eongc bmio mq omu`~ mq yho =?>6q, shn`qy yho

mqqlanmynlg eoysoog Ulbmg mgi Eunynqh nbvounm`nqb smq

bmio bluo mgi bluo oxv`nany mq yho =8yh aogyu~ sogy

lg (Q`lmg 5663, =?5=:1; Qsooy 5669, =:5=83.' E~

yho =816q Ahmu`oq @~o`` hmi slukoi ly yho vunganv`oq lj

qyumyncumvh~ ng col`lc~, shnah mqqnqyoi Ahmu`oq Imusng

ng giouqymgingc yho vulaoqqoq lj gmyum` qo`oaynlg ng

yug qymgingc lg yho qhl`iouq lj yhmy cuomy Qsoio lj yho

Og`nchyogbogy, Amu` zlg @ngg (Cuneeng 5665.' Mglyhou

Qamgingmznmg, Ahunqynmg Ducogqog Yhlbvqog, qoi yho

qmbo og`nchyogoi vunganv`oq lj y~vl`lc~ mgi qyumyncumvh~

yl iozo`lv yho yhuoo mcoq lj qylgo, eulgto mgi nulg shnah

qyn`` jlub yho emqnq lj vuohnqyluna ahulgl`lc~'

Mq ng yho inqanv`ngo lj hnqylu~, yho =>yh"aogyu~

jlgimynlgq lj muahmol`lc~ souo ngauomqngc`~ }oqynlgoi

ng yho mqy jos ioamioq lj yho 56yh aogyu~' Mjyou myyobvyq

my m vulaoqqm`nqy muahmol`lc~, shnah ngaluvlumyoi

m zmunoy~ lj qanogyna yoahgn}oq, gol"Og`nchyogbogyumynlgm`nqy ledoaynzny~ smq `muco`~ memgilgoi ng yho

vlqy"vulaoqqm`nqy mgi myou iozo`lvbogyq lj yho =>36q

mgi =>86q' Yhoqo iozo`lvbogyq muo ioqauneoi e~ Imzni

Aumgqylgo o`qoshouo ng yhnq zl`bo; ny nq qjanogy yl

glyo houo ysl bmng ahmgcoq' Jnuqy`~ yhouo nq yho ngauomq"

ngc uoalcgnynlg yhmy mg muahmol`lc~ lj yho vlqy"boinozm`

vounli amg il ql bah bluo yhmg may mq yho ljy"}lyoi

hmgibmniog lj hnqylu~ (Mgiuog =>>8, =6:.' Vlqy"

boinozm` mgi ngiqyunm` muahmol`lcnoq hmzo oboucoi mq

j``~"stoicoi albvlgogyq lj yho eulmiou qyi~ lj c`lem`

hnqylunam` muahmol`lc~' Qoalgi`~, bmg~ lucmgnqmynlgq

hmzo eocg yl en`i qedoaynzny~ ngyl yho auomynlg lj yho

qnyo uoalui' My eoqy yhnq m``lsq jlu m vlqnynzo uostoxnzo mv"

vulmah yl iom`ngc snyh muahmol`lcnam` uobmngq' Yho muy

lj yu~ngc yl oxyumay bomgngcj` qylunoq julb jumcbogyq lj

volv`oq `lgc"inqamuioi ueenqh mgi memgilgoi en`i"

ngcq nq makgls`oicoi' Yhq muahmol`lc~ng nyq auuogy

vlqy"Og`nchyogbogy jlubnq oqahosngc yho mvvmuogy`~

uncni elgimunoq eoysoog ledoaynzny~ mgi qedoaynzny~' Nyamg eo mucoi yhmy yho inqanv`ngo nq my yho jluojulgy lj m

uoyug yl yho omu`~ Og`nchyogbogy algyngb lj muy mgi

qanogao' Qah iozo`lvbogyq ng muahmol`lc~ vouhmvq

bmko ny yho blqy mvvulvunmyo yll` jlu yho qyi~ lj yho

b~qyounlq muy mgi qanogao lj omu`~ qyoo`bmkngc'

Yho qanogao lj yho muy lj qyoo`bmkngc

Yho qanogao lj yho muy lj qyoo`bmkngc nq qyn`` ng m zou~

nbvoujoay qymyo, hlsozou mizmgaoi yho muy bm~ eo' Yho

zmunoynoq lj qyoo` ng albbouao muo oxaooingc`~ gboulq,ey yho amqoq lj injjouogao muo ng bmg~ amqoq gkglsg,

mgi yho ngzoqyncmynlg lj yhoqo amqoq nq myyogioi snyh

cuomy inja`y~' (Voua~ =8:9, NN, 3:9.'

Yhnq, julb lgo lj yho cuomy =>yh"aogyu~ boym``ucnqyq nq

n``bngmyngc' Qyoo`bmkngc smq mg muy shnah vuliaoi

m snio umgco lj qyoo`~ bmyounm`q, ey yho og`nchyogbogy

vuldoay lj obvnunam` leqouzmynlg, amym`lcngc, mgi

umynlgm` ioiaynlg hmi emuo`~ ylahoi yhnq qncgnamgy

ogyouvunqo' Mq Cumg U~ig mucoi (gve`nqhoi. my

yho Amuinjj booyngc shouo yhnq vmvou smq vuoqogyoi,

qyoo` smq iogoi bluo e~ nyq algqbouq yhmg nyq vul"

iaouq' Ngiooi, giouqymgingc lj yho qanogao lj yho muy

ng Voua~q ynbo smq ng bmg~ sm~q nyy`o juyhou jlusmui

yhmg ny hmi eoog shog yho uqy aobogymynlg qyoo` ju"

gmaoq souo en`y ng Ogc`mgi qlbo 5?6 ~omuq vuoznlq`~'

Yhoqo uqy jugmaoq (ng lvoumynlg julb a=:=> yl a=:8:,

mgi oxymgy gyn` =35:. souo `lamyoi ng Alm`eullkim`o,

Qhulvqhnuo' Yho~ souo gileyoi`~ alm`"uoi, algymngoi

bmg~ lj yho qmbo jomyuoq, mgi souo lvoumyoi ng bah

yho qmbo bmggou mq `myou jugmaoq shnah sl`i hmzo

eoog jmbn`nmu yl Voua~ mgi hnq algyobvlumunoq' M uovluy

lg yho oxamzmynlg lj yhoqo jugmaoq hmq uoaogy`~ eoogve`nqhoi ng yhnq dlugm` (Eo`jlui mgi Ulqq 5663.'

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>=

HB 95(5. 5668 EO@JLUI4 QYOO@ MY YHO IMSG LJ AMVNYM@NQB

Iungc yho aluqo lj vuovmungc yhmy uovluy, qmbv`oq lj

yho uojumaylu~ bmyounm`q qoi ng nyq algqyuaynlg souo

qebnyyoi jlu qanogyna mgm`~qnq e~ Ogc`nqh Hounymco

qanogynqyq (Jnc =.' Yho uoq`yq lj yho mgm`~qnqgiou"

ymkog qngc m qamggngc o`oayulg bnaulqalvo (QOB.

snyh mg myymahoi ogouc~"inqvouqnzo X"um~ qvoayulboyou

(OIQ.niogynjnoi yog injjouogy ahobnam` o`obogyq'

Mq so`` mq albvlgiq lj nulg (Jo., am`anb (Am. mgi

qn`nalg (Qn., yho mgm`~qnq m`ql uozom`oi lxnioq lj bmg"cmgoqo (Bg., m`bngnb (M`. mgi ynymgnb (Yn.' Yho

uoq`yq lj yhnq mgm`~qnq qhlsoi yhmy yhuoo lysmui`~

qnbn`mu, ey ahobnam``~ mgi boahmgnam``~ qey`~ inj"

jouogy y~voq lj qmgiqylgo souo qoi yl en`i yho jugmao'

Yho qn`nam (QnL5. algyogy vulznioi mg nginamynlg lj yho

uojumaylu~ vlyogynm` lj yho qmgiqylgo' Ngyouoqyngc`~ yho

qmgiqylgo qoi ngqnio yho jugmao hmi m `lsou qn`nam

algyogy yhmg yho luingmu~ en`ingc qylgo qoi o`qoshouo

ng yho qyuayuo, ey hmi eoyyou boahmgnam` vulvouynoq jlu

snyhqymgingc algqnqyogy`~ hnchou yobvoumyuoq (Eo`jlui

mgi Ulqq 5663, ==?==8.'

Omu`~ ng yho =3yh aogyu~ yho jugmao"en`iouq kgos gl"

yhngc mely qn`nam, ynymgnb lu lxnioq' Ngiooi ozog yhmy

blqy emqna m``l~ngc o`obogy jlu m`` jouulq boym``uc~

amuelgsmq gly niogynoi jlu mglyhou hgiuoi ~omuq

(Qbnyh =>:9, =9>=?5.' Juyhoubluo, yho zou~ glynlg

lj qanogao smq gly inqyngcnqhoi julb lyhou jlubq

lj vhn`lqlvhnam` og}nu~ jlu mglyhou cogoumynlg, mgi

smq gly ozog gmboi mq qah gyn` =811 (Hl`boq 5668.'

Gozouyho`oqq yho auomyluq lj yho jugmao souo me`o yl

bmko mvvulvunmyo ahlnaoq eoysoog yhuoo znqm``~ qnbn`mu

y~voq lj ulak jlu nyq algqyuaynlg' Lgo lj yhoqo sl`ihmzo bo`yoi, lgo sl`i hmzo aube`oi mvmuy, mgi lg`~

lgo albengoi qjanogy uojumaylu~ }m`nynoq snyh mi"

o}myo boahmgnam` qyuogcyh'

Ql smq yho ahlnao lj qylgo jlu yho Alm`eullkim`o ju"

gmao mg og`nchyogoi ahlnao emqoi lg obvnunam` imym

al``oaynlg mgi mgm`~qnq< Gly ng yho qogqo lj ny eongc mg

Og`nchyogoi ahlnao jl``lsngc, qm~, Uogo Ioqamuyoq

Golv`mylgnqy hnoumuah~ lj gnzouqm` jlubq' Hlsozou,

e~ qngc yho qbm`` o, ny nq vlqqne`o yl vouaonzo yhnqmq mg og`nchyogoi ahlnao emqoi lg ogynuo`~ umynlgm`

leqouzmynlgq bmio lzou bmg~ cogoumynlgq e~ volv`o

jmbn`nmu snyh yho ums bmyounm`q mgi yho vulaoqqoq shnah

bmio qo lj yhob'

M qnbn`mu ngynynzo giouqymgingc, lj hls boym`q eohmzo

giou injjouogy alginynlgq, nq m so``"kglsg mqvoay lj

yuminynlgm` e`makqbnyhngc' Ny hmq eoog uocmuioi mq lgo

lj yho jmayluq shnah ho`i emak yho milvynlg lj bngoum`

jo`q ng yho jlucngc mgi uogngc vulaoqqoq `myo ng yho

=8yh aogyu~ (Hm~bmg 5661.' Qah algqouzmynqb nq

giouqymgime`o ng mg ngiqyu~ shouo qalvo jlu oxvoun"

bogymynlg nq `nbnyoi e~ oalglbna algqyumngyq' Ozog

ngyouuvyngc yho ahmng lj qvv`~ yl yu~ m q`nchy`~ injjouogy

ahmuco ng yho jugmao unqkoi inqmqyou; yl yu~ mgi ngyuliao

gos jo`q lu uojumaylu~ bmyounm`q sl`i hmzo eoog ozog

bluo unqk~' Yuminynlgm` hnqylunoq lj yho nulg ngiqyu~ hmzo

yhouojluo mucoi yhmy ngglzmynlg ng jouulq boym``uc~

smq lg`~ vlqqne`o lgao yho Og`nchyogbogy vulcumbbo

lj qanogyna umynlgm`nqb smq so`` giou sm~ (Qaheouy

=>?3; Blyy =>81.' Qah mgm`~qnq nq ng koovngc snyh so``"

oqyme`nqhoi niomq ng oalglbna hnqylu~ lj yho oqqogynm``~

qymyna gmyuo lj vuo"ngiqyunm` qlanoy~' Yhq, ioqvnyolaamqnlgm` jnyq mgi qymuyq lj ngglzmynlgshmy Dmak

Jncuo =4 Vlqy"og`nchyogbogymuahmolboym``uc~ ng ma"ynlg' Dqyngo Em~`o~ mgi

Imzni Igcsluyh inqaqq"ngc qmbv`oq lj uojumaylu~bmyounm` iungc m qnyo znqnyyl yho oxamzmynlgq lj yhoAlm`eullkim`o qyoo` ju"gmaoq ng Dgo 566?' (Vm`

Eo`jlui.'

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EO@JLUI4 QYOO@ MY YHO IMSG LJ AMVNYM@NQB HB 95(5. 5668

Cl`iqylgo uojouuoi yl mq ojstluoqaogaoq lgc"youb

yoahgl`lcnam` mgi oalglbna culsyh smq gqqymngme`o

(Eumio` =>8=; Cl`iqylgo 5665.'

^oy aobogymynlg qyoo`bmkngc smq ngyuliaoi mq m gos

yoahgl`lc~ my Alm`eullkim`o, uo}nungc qeqymgynm`

ngzoqybogy ng v`mgy, o}nvbogy mgi slukjluao"qkn``q' Ny

ozniogy`~ slukoi qjanogy`~ so`` yl eo albbouanm``~

znme`o jlu lzou hm`j m aogyu~' Yhnq smq gl qouoginvnylq

inqalzou~ e~ m qkn``oi muynqmg; umyhou yhnq smq m io`neoumyo

mgi qanogynam``~ ioqncgoi vulcumbbo lj boym``ucnam`

ngglzmynlg, emqoi lg vuoznlq mgi lgclngc q~qyob"

myna uoqomuah mgi oxvounbogymynlg' Bluolzou ny smq

ioqncgoi yl bmko blgo~ mgi ny qaaooioi ng ilngc

ql, lg`~ eongc qylvvoi e~ oxyougm` ozogyq' Yl giou"

qymgi yhnq zou~ Og`nchyogbogy iozo`lvbogy ng vuo"Og"

`nchyogbogy uum` Qhulvqhnuo, ny nq goaoqqmu~ yl `llk my

yho volv`o eohngi ny'

Nil`myu~ mgi ngiqyu~4 algyngny~ mgi ahmgcong Qhulvqhnuo

Ho smq m tom`lq mgi l~m` qedoay lj ]oog Bmu~, mgi

mqqnqyoi hou ng qoaungc hou unchyq ng lvvlqnynlg yl yho

znl`ogy jmaynlgq lj yho ynbo''' Mjyou qyi~ lj dunqvuiogao

mgi qanogao, eongc lj mg oxyogqnzo`~ `neoum` bngi mgi

gnzouqm``~ eo`lzoi, ho bmio m Ahunqynmg"`nko ogi

(Oxyumay julb yho ovnymvh lj Qnu Dlhg Eullko (i'=?>8.,

Bmio`o~, Qhulvqhnuo; yumgq' ng Umgim`` =886, ==.'

Yho Alm`eullkim`o qyoo` jugmaoq souo en`y e~ Qnu Emqn`

Eullko (Jnc 5., shl smq yho qlg lj Qnu Dlhg, shlqo

ovnymvh nq anyoi melzo, mgi smq yho yhnui cogoumynlg lj m

i~gmqy~ lj `mgilsgouq mgi ngiqyunm`nqyq shl hmi eoog

oxv`lnyngc yho bngoum` uoqluaoq lj Alm`eullkim`o qngao

yho Inqql`ynlg lj yho Blgmqyounoq' Yho Inqql`ynlg

amg eo algqniouoi mq yho blqy qncgnamgy bmyounm` alg"

qo}ogao lj uojlubmynlg ng Ogc`mgi, mgi my lgo `ozo`

yhouo nq m a`omu vmum``o` eoysoog uojlubmynlg mgi omu`~

vulyl"qanogyna obvnunanqb' Dqy mq Gnahl`mq Alvougnaq

bmio yho amqo yhmy obvnunam` leqouzmynlgq lj yho gnzouqo

uo}nuoi m gos giouqymgingc lj yho gmyuo lj ao`oq"

ynm` uo`mynlgqhnvq, ql Bmuyng @yhou mucoi yhmy volv`o

qhl`i eo m``lsoi yl qyi~ yho qaunvyuoq inuoay`~ mgi

iums yhonu lsg alga`qnlgq mely yho gmyuo lj Cli' Lj

aluqo yho uom`ny~ lj yho qnymynlg smq bluo albv`ox,

mgi, mq yho qylu~ lj Alvougnaq lsg `njo qccoqyq, m

jouzogy eo`noj ng yho Amyhl`na ahuah ini gly vuoa`io yho

iozo`lvbogy lj qanogyna umynlgm`nqb'= Ql ny smq snyh

yho Eullko jmbn`~, shl uobmngoi qymgah Amyhl`naq

yhulchly yho =:yh mgi =3yh aogyunoq ~oy gozouyho`oqq

iozo`lvoi m qaaoqqj` amvnym`nqy ogyouvunqo emqoi lgqanogyna oxvounbogymynlg mgi mvv`namynlg'

_gyn` =?96, Alm`eullkim`o hmi eoog m vlqqoqqnlg lj

yho Vunlu~ lj Bah Sog`lak' M 3yh"aogyu~ jlgimynlg,

Sog`lak smq m A`gnma hlqo julb `myo ng yho ==yh

aogyu~ mgi hmi oxyogqnzo mcuna`yum` mgi slli`mgi

hl`ingcq' Yho Vunlu~ m`ql cumgyoi zmunlq `omqoq jlu

bngngc mgi nulgslukngc julb yho =9yh aogyu~ lgsmuiq,

bmng`~ mulgi Alm`eullkim`o, shnah hmi ysl jlucoq e~

yho =?96q (Eo`jlui mgi Ulqq 5669, 5=?5=3; Eo`jlui mgi

Ulqq 5663.' Alm`eullkim`o smq ma}nuoi ng =?99 e~ Qnu

Uleouy Eullko, mg ozniogy`~ mbenynlq ms~ou, aluynou

lj Hogu~ ZNNN, mgi qlboynbo Qvomkou lj yho Hlqo lj

Albblgq' Yhnq tom`lq vmvnqy iloq gly qoob yl hmzo

em`koi my uoaonzngc yho qvln`q lj uojlubmynlg ng yho jlub

lj yho uo`nay oqymyo lj Sog`lak vunlu~ (Emch =>8?, 1?.'

Hnq qlg Dlhg Eullko (mg o}m``~ vmqqnlgmyo uoaqmgy.

nghounyoi yho oqymyo a =?35' Ho smq uoqvlgqne`o jlu bah

lj yho omu`~ ngiqyunm` iozo`lvbogy my Alm`eullkim`o,

og`mucngc yho oxnqyngc jlucoq mgi ngzoqyngc ng amvnym`

slukq lg gos qnyoqlvogngc v gos alm` mgi nulg

bngoq mgi en`ingc my omqy lgo gos jluco' E~ =:66 yhouo

souo yhuoo jlucoq ng Alm`eullkim`o, nga`ingc yho CuomyJluco (lu _vvou Jluco. shnah eoambo yho aogyuo lj yho

Jncuo 54 Qnu Emqn` Eullkoq jgoumu~ ojc~ my Qy' Bnahmo`qAhuah, Bmio`o~' Yhnq smq luncngm``~ vmuy lj m ylbe shnah smqinqbmgy`oi shog yho ahuah smq uoen`y ng =3>3 yl m ioqncg e~Yhlbmq Yo`jlui' Yhocuoq lj Qnu Emqn`, hnq snjo mgi vmuogyq souo

uo`lamyoi yl gnahoq lg yho oxyounlu lj yho gos ahuah' (Vhlylcumvhuovuliaoi aluyoq~ lj yho Uozouogi Hogu~ Bluunq.'

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HB 95(5. 5668 EO@JLUI4 QYOO@ MY YHO IMSG LJ AMVNYM@NQB

Alm`eullkim`o jouulq boym`slukngc eqngoqq iungc yho

=3yh aogyu~ (Eo`jlui 5663, =19:.'

Qnu Dlhg qoi hnq ngiqyunm` som`yh yl iozo`lv yho

jlubou blgmqyna cumgco my Bmio`o~ Aluy ngyl m qe"qymgynm` O`ntmeoyhmg algyu~ hlqo' Yhnq hlqo hmi

eocg ng yho =1yh aogyu~ mq m qngc`o hm`` snyh giou"

auljy' Qaaoqqnzo miinynlgq uoq`yoi ng m muco en`ingc

snyh ysl sngcq vulzningc albjluyme`o maalbblimynlg

jlu znqnyngc vunluq; e~ yho ogi lj yho =?yh aogyu~ yho

albv`ox nga`ioi m ahmvo` ahmbeou, ylsou, hm``,

vmu`lu mgi lyhlqoq (Emch =>8?, 13.' Qnu Dlhg

Eullko smq yho uqy lj hnq jmbn`~ yl uoqnio my Bmio`o~

Aluy, mgi ho smqyoi gl ynbo ng auomyngc mg nbvuoqqnzo

mgi jmqhnlgme`o bmgqnlg, albv`oyo snyh bmcgnaogy

cmyohlqo' Yho culgiq nga`ioi m sm``oi cmuiog

shnah jomyuoi mg oxaovynlgm``~ albv`ox yhuoo"qnioi

vl`~hoium` qginm` (Jnc 1.' Ngyouoqyngc`~ Qnu Uleouy

Eullkoq ma}nqnynlg lj Bmio`o~ hmi laauuoi yho ~omu

mjyou AlvougnaqIo Uozl`ynlgneq smq ve`nqhoi'

Gly `lgc mjyou Qnu Dlhg nghounyoi yho oqymyo, Yhlbmq

Inccoq ve`nqhoi yho uqy Ogc`nqh"`mgcmco inqaqqnlg

lj yho Alvougnamg gnzouqo (Cuneeng 5665, =5=8.'

Yho qginm` my Bmio`o~ Aluy uostoayq yho Eullkoq

qyulgc mgi maynzo ngyouoqyq elyh ng meqyumay kgls`oico

lj qanogao mgi gmyum` vhn`lqlvh~, mgi ng mvv`noi

kgls`oico lj yoahgl`lc~, albbouao mgi ngiqyu~'5

Ngiqyunm` ogyouvunqo smq m sm~ ng shnah yho Amyhl`naEullkoq al`i bmko yhonu sm~ ng `njo shog bmg~ lj

yho algzogynlgm` ulyoq lj qlanm` mizmgaobogy souo

a`lqoi yl yhob'

Qnu Dlhg Eullkoq amuoj``~"iozo`lvoi vluyjl`nl lj

ngiqyunm` ogyouvunqoq smq nghounyoi e~ hnq qlg Emqn` ng=?>8' Ozniogy`~ so`` qahll`oi ng yho gmyum` qanogaoq,

bmyhobmynaq, `mgcmcoq mgi yho qm` uogmnqqmgao

maalbv`nqhbogyq, Qnu Emqn` smq mg mbenynlq mgi yoah"

gnam``~ ngjluboi ogyuovuogou shl yumzo``oi oxyogqnzo`~'

Mq so`` mq lvoumyngc hnq lsg nulgslukq mgi bngoq, ho

m`ql `omqoi mgi umg yho Aulsg nulgslukq ng yho Jluoqy

lj Iomg' Mjyou yumzo``ngc yl Coubmg~ mgi yho @ls

Algyunoq omu`~ ng yho =3yh aogyu~, Eullko eoambo ng"

zl`zoi (a=:=?. ng m vmyogy yl bmko qyoo`' Aobogymynlg

qyoo`bmkngc hmi uqy eoog ioqauneoi ng =?39, e~ @mtmuq

Oukou, mgi smq aouymng`~ eongc giouymkog ng Guobeuc

e~ omu`~ ng yho =3yh aogyu~ (Emuuma`lch =>89, 989>.'

Ny qoobq `nko`~ yhmy Qnu Emqn` hmi qoog yhnq vulaoqq my uqy

hmgi, mgi qoi yho ngjlubmynlg ho hmi c`omgoi julb

hnq yumzo`q yl uov`namyo yho vulaoqq my hnq lsg slukq'1

Snyhng jlu ~omuq Ogc`mgiq uqy aobogymynlg qyoo` ju"

gmao smq ng lvoumynlg my Alm`eullkim`o (Eo`jlui mgi

Ulqq 5663, =6?=5=.' Yhnq uqy jugmao smq qjanogy`~

qaaoqqj` yl eo `myou og`mucoi mgi yhog alvnoi, ql yhmy

e~ yho ogi lj yho =:16q yhouo souo ysl qyoo` jugmaoq

qnio e~ qnio (Jnc 9.' Yhoqo lvoumyoi mq vmuy lj m j``~"

ngyocumyoi qyoo`slukq amvme`o lj vuovmungc sulchy"nulg

emuq, algzouyngc yhob yl qyoo`, mgi juyhou vulaoqqngcyhob ng yho jluco yl nbvulzo hlblcogony~ mgi }m`ny~,

Jncuo 14 Yho qginm` myBmio`o~ Aluy, yho Eullkojmbn`~ hlbo en`y julb yhovulaooiq lj ngiqyunm` ogyou"vunqo ng yho =:yh mgi =3yhaogyunoq' (Vm` Eo`jlui.'

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yhq miingc zm`o yl yho gnqhoi vuliay' Yho zm`o lj

Alm`eullkim`o qyoo`ozog ng nyq uo`mynzo`~ ums qymyo mq

emusmq my `omqy ysnao yhmy lj sulchy nulg' Shog yho

Eullko albv`ox smq qo}oqyouoi e~ Vmu`nmbogy ng Dgo

=:9?, yho qylak my yho slukq nga`ioi m ylg mgi m hm`j

lj nulg sluyh 53, mgi m qnbn`mu }mgyny~ lj qyoo` shnah

smq zm`oi my :: (GM QV 51=6? j'56=.'

Yho Alm`eullkim`o qyoo`slukq hmi yhouojluo iozo`lvoi

ng mg og`nchyogoi jmqhnlg4 julb umynlgm` leqouzmynlg,

yhulch oxvounbogymynlg yl vulyly~vo, mgi yhog yl

gm` jgaynlgngc jlub mq m vulyme`o mgi qqymngme`o

eqngoqq' Alm`eullkim`o aobogymynlg qyoo` sl`i hmzohmi qozoum` mizmgymcoq lzou lyhou y~voq lj qyoo` yhog

mzmn`me`o' Jnuqy`~, ny sl`i hmzo eoog bah bluo hlbl"

cogolq yhmg m amqo"hmuiogoi muyojmay, oqvoanm``~ mjyou

uo"jlucngc, cnzngc cuomyou uo`nmen`ny~ yl yho jngnqhoi

vuliay' Qoalgi`~, algqnqyoga~ lj amuelg algyogy eo"

ysoog nginznim` emuq mgi emyahoq sl`i hmzo eoog

bah cuomyou yhmg gmyum` lu Euoqanmg qyoo`' Bluolzou

yho amuelg algyogy lj aobogymynlg qyoo` sl`i hmzo eoog

hnchou, cnzngc cuomyou hmuigoqq (Aumiilak mgi Sm~bmg

5666, =351.' Yhnui`~, Alm`eullkim`o qyoo` sl`i hmzo

eoog mzmn`me`o ng uo`mynzo`~ `muco }mgynynoq'

Yho algqbvynlg lj qyoo` mgi niomq

Yho Eullkoq qyoo`bmkngc ogyouvunqo smq m eqngoqq

shnah ql`i m hnch zm`o vuliay ngyl zmunlq bmukoyq'

Qhnvbogyq lj Alm`eullkim`o qyoo` ilsg yho Unzou Qozoug

muo uoaluioi ng yho C`laoqyou Vluy Ellkq julb =:=>

yl yho =:86q' Yho Qozoug smq m`uomi~ `lgc oqyme`nqhoimq m bmdlu muyou~ lj yumio, snyh C`laoqyou bmukngc yho

elgimu~ eoysoog yho ng`mgi mgi oqymungo qoaynlgq lj

yho unzou' Clliq qm``~ gooioi yl eo yumgq"qhnvvoi julb

qhm``ls"iumchy elmyq lvoumyngc lg yho vvou unzou yl

zoqqo`q bluo qnyme`o jlu almqym` yumio (Hqqo~ 5666,

=1=9.' Yho Vluy Ellkq uoaluioi elmyq, yhonu amucloq

mgi yhonu v`maoq lj luncng' Lg =3yh Dmgmu~ =:13, jlu

oxmbv`o, yho Coluco lj Bmio`o~ smq yumgqvluyngc zo

ylgq lj emu qyoo` ilsg unzou lg eohm`j lj yho bouahmgy

Jumganq Sl`jo (CVU =598=665=>.' Sl`jo, mglyhou

vulbngogy Qhulvqhnuo Amyhl`na, smq mg mqqlanmyo ljyho Eullkoq mgi smq ngzl`zoi ng yho lvoumynlg lj yho

Alm`eullkim`o albv`ox'9 Yho gm` ioqyngmynlg lj yho

qyoo` eongc qogy ilsg"unzou nq gly kglsg' Almqym` yumio

smq oxyogqnzo m`lgc elyh yho gluyh mgi qlyh qhluoq lj

yho Eunqyl` Ahmggo`; yhouo smq m qeqymgynm` bmukoy jlu

Qhulvqhnuo jouulq boym`q ng Eunqyl` nyqo`j, mgi bah

yumio juyhou mo`i yl v`maoq qah mq Eo`jmqy, Ie`ng

mgi ozog @lgilg (Yungiou 566?, 8>>5.' Yho }mgynynoq

lj qyoo` oxvluyoi julb Alm`eullkim`o ng yhnq sm~ souo

gly `muco4 zo ylgq vuleme`~ uovuoqogyq yho vuliay lj

m qngc`o homy lj yho jugmao' Ny qoobq `nko`~ yhmy yho

`lgc"inqymgao unzou yumio lg`~ maalgyoi jlu vmuy lj yho

lyvy lj yho Eullko qyoo` jugmaoq'

M bah mucou bmukoy jlu Alm`eullkim`o qyoo` sl`i hmzo

eoog ng Enubngchmb, shnah hmi oboucoi mq yho bmng

aogyuo jlu yho bmgjmayuo lj kgnzoq mgi mubmbogyq e~

omu`~ ng yho =:yh aogyu~' Dlhg @o`mgi uoaluioi bmg~

qbnyhq ng yho ylsgo yhmy qo yl bmko kgnzoq mgi m``

bmgglu lj ayyngco yll`oq ng yho =?16q, mgi shog

Sn``nmb Qbnyh znqnyoi ?6 ~omuq `myou ho jlgi ny m v`mao

shouo m cuomy qyluo lj Kg~zoq muo bmio, jlu m`blqy m``

yho ylsgoq bog muo ay`ouq lu qbnyhoq (elyh anyoi ng_vylg =>>1, =5=1.' Enubngchmb"bmio somvlgq souo

Jncuo 94 V`mg lj yho Alm`eullkim`o qyoo` jugmaoq mq oxamzmyoi,qhlsngc yho uqy jugmao lja=:=> yl yho gluyh mgi yho qoalgijugmao, ng lvoumynlg e~ yho myo =:16q, yl yho qlyh' Yho jugmaoqmgi uo`myoi qyuayuoq muo qhlsg qhmioi; myou jomyuoq muo qhlsgng ly`ngo lu lbnyyoi' (Qlvhno Smyqlg.'

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qvv`noi yl yho Elmui lj Luigmgao julb my `omqy =?==,mgi X"um~ mgm`~qnq lj =3yh" mgi =8yh"aogyu~ somvlgq ng

yho Ul~m` Mublunoq hmq uozom`oi Enubngchmb bmkouqbmukq (Imzni Qymu`o~vouq albb.' Qnu Emqn` Eullkoq

Jncuo ?4 Og`nchyogoi qsluiqbmgqhnv bmio vlqqne`o e~ Alm`eullkim`o qyoo`' Yho gqnymen`ny~ lj yho umvnou jlu vmuu~ngc (m. qm``~uo}nuoi yho miinynlgm` qo lj m imccou lu eak`ou; yho iozo`lvbogy lj yho nchyou mgi bluo stoxne`o qbm`` qslui mgi (e. ogme`oi umvnivmuu~ngc mgi algyou"blzoq'

(m.

(e.

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qyoo` ambo lg yl yho bmukoy my vuoanqo`~ yho ynbo shog

qy~`oq lj qsluiqbmgqhnv mgi somvlgu~ souo ahmgcngc'

Yho umvnou hmi ozl`zoi eo~lgi vumaynam` qoj`goqq4 e~

yho ogi lj yho =:yh aogyu~ ny smq mg oxyuobo`~ lgc (v

yl ='?b., stmy mgi uo`mynzo`~ homz~ somvlg shnah ini gly

voubny umvni inqogcmcobogy mgi algyou"maynlg ng qngc`o

albemy' Ngqyomi yho ql"am``oi qbm`` qslui eocmg yl

ozl`zo (Jnc ?., snyh m `nchyou, qhluyou mgi bluo stoxne`o

e`mio shnah ogme`oi yho jogaou yl uoalzou }nak`~ julb

m `gco, mgi vmuu~ yho unvlqyo (Amqy`o =88?, =16=9=;

Zm`ogyngo =>:8, 3==.' Ioqvnyo yho so``"ahulgna`oi

jmn`uo lj Qnu Emqn`q qyoo` julb omu`~ oxvounbogyq yl

cmng Ul~m` Mublunoq mvvulzm`, qeqo}ogy lyvy

smq lj hnchou mgi bluo algqnqyogy }m`ny~ (Dogkngq

=>51, =85=; Qaheouy =>?3, 511?.' Alm`eullkim`o

qyoo`, m hlblcogolq, stoxne`o, algqnqyogy mgi uomin`~"

mzmn`me`o vuliay, sl`i hmzo eoog niom` jlu yhoqo gos

somvlgq'

Vouhmvq yho blqy ngyouoqyngc lj yho bmukoyq jlu Qnu

Emqn` Eullkoq qyoo` smq nyqo`j oboucngc yhulch yho

qmbo uo`myoi `ngoq lj vlqy"Uojlubmynlg yhngkngc yhmy

hmi cnzog unqo yl yho vulaoqq e~ shnah ny smq bmgjma"

yuoi' My yho qmbo ynbo mq yho Eullkoq souo auomyngc

m gos ngiqyunm` slu`i, ql Um`onch, Julenqhou, Qlbouq

mgi lyhouq souo inqalzoungc mg ogynuo`~ injjouogy Gos

Slu`i o`qoshouo' Yhnq eulchy mely yho uom`nqmynlg

yhmy Oulvomg hnoumuahnoq souo gly yho lg`~ sm~q e~

shnah hbmg eongcq al`i lucmgnqo yhonu qlanoynoq'Yho oxnqyogao lj anzn`nqmynlgq eo~lgi yho kglsg slu`i

vuljlgi`~ ahmgcoi Oulvomg sm~q lj yhngkngc' Yhnq

aunlqny~ mely yho lyhou m`ql oxyogioi yl mqvoayq lj yho

vh~qnam` slu`i' Yho gooi yl }mgynj~ mgi inqaqq yhoqo

gos inqalzounoq oi yl m gbeou lj iozo`lvbogyq nga`i"

ngc yho qanogaoq lj gmzncmynlg mgi mqyulglb~, vungyngc,

bmv"bmkngc mgi bmyhobmynaqm`` lj shnah gooioi gos

vuoanqnlg ngqyubogyq' Hnch"}m`ny~ qyoo` smq yhouojluo

ng iobmgi jlu a`lak qvungcq yl bomquo ynbo, quzo~ngc

yll`q yl bomquo qvmao, mgi vungyngc mgi ogcumzngc

yll`q yl ioqauneo yhoqo gos mizmgaoq' Qnu Emqn` Eullko,

maalbv`nqhoi vl`~bmyh yhmy ho smq, sl`i hmzo eoog

uobngioi lj yhoqo qluyq lj qoq jlu hnq qyoo` ozou~ ynbo

ho sm`koi ly lj hnq julgy illu mgi smq algjulgyoi e~

hnq oxaovynlgm``~ albv`ox vl`~hoium` qginm`'

Ylsmuiq Og`nchyogbogy lu m`uomi~ yhouo.'

Bluolzou, ny nq algzogynlgm``~ qccoqyoi yhmy ozog shog

vuo"Og`nchyogbogy qanogyna uoqomuah yllk v`mao, qlanoy~

smq gme`o yl eogoy io yl nyq `nbnyoi giouqymgingc

lj oalglbnaq (Blk~u 5665; 566?, =>59.' Qlanoy~ smq

lg`~ uo`omqoi julb yho qo`j"`nbnyngc uoqyunaynlgq lj bou"

amgyn`nqb shog yho q~qyob smq qedoayoi yl o`l}ogyaunyn}o e~ yho Og`nchyogoi eumngq lj yhngkouq qah mq

Imzni Hbo mgi Mimb Qbnyh'

oy a`omu`~ ny nq gly yho amqo yhmy yho ub`~ vuo"Gosylgnmg

qyoo` jugmaoq my Alm`eullkim`o souo qnbv`~ mg ma"

aniogym` mvv`namynlg lj aouymng ~oy"yl"eo"}mgynjnoi

`msq lj vh~qnaq mgi ahobnqyu~ yl zmunlq bmyounm`q'

Glu smq yho uoq`yngc boym` m qouoginvnylq inqalzou~

shnah smq gly j``~ oxv`lnyoi e~ nyq auomylu' Ng jmay, yho

muahmol`lcnam` mgi hnqylunam` ozniogao qccoqyq vuoanqo`~

yho lvvlqnyo' Qnu Emqn` Eullko qoi hnq `omugngc mgi

oxvounogao yl leqouzo m yoahgl`lc~ ng maynlg, oxvoun"

bogy snyh ny ng m boyhlinam` jmqhnlg, bmko ny sluk, mgi

yhog qaaoqqj``~ bmukoy mgi qo`` yho uoq`yngc vuliay

ng yho blqy vulyme`o sm~' Ql bah ql yhmy ho ile`oi

hnq vuliaynlg amvmany~ snyhng 56 ~omuq'

_gjluygmyo`~ jlu Eullko, sniou ozogyq lzouyllk hnb'

Mq m Amyhl`na mgi m Ul~m`nqy ho smq n``"qnyoi yl yho

umvni`~ ahmgcngc slu`i lj yho bnii`o lj yho=3yh aogyu~'

Ng =:9=95 ho smq vulqoayoi jlu uoaqmga~, mgi smq

nbvunqlgoi my Goscmyo' M`yhlch uo`omqoi, ng yho jl``ls"

ngc ~omu ho smq nbv`namyoi ng m Ul~m`nqy v`ly, mgi ymkogyl yho Ylsou lj @lgilg (GM QV 51:9 jj'8>5,8>?.' E~

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EO@JLUI4 QYOO@ MY YHO IMSG LJ AMVNYM@NQB HB 95(5. 5668

lj aobogymynlg yoahgl`lc~ yllk v`mao ng yho Soqy

Bni`mgiq mgi yho Gluyh Omqy iungc yho vuoznlq =?6

~omuq (Eo`jlui =>>3; Aumgqylgo =>>3.' Yho ul`o v`m~oi

e~ yho Amyhl`na Eullko jmbn`~ ng yho iozo`lvbogy lj

qyoo`bmkngc yoahgl`lc~ smq a`omu`~ qncgnamgy, mq smq

yhonu vulblynlg lj gol"Og`nchyogbogy myynyioq ylsmuiq

umynlgm` qanogyna inqalzou~ mgi amvnym`nqy oxv`lnymynlg

lj uoqluaoq' Ny amg eo qccoqyoi yhmy aobogymynlg qyoo`

smq yho bmyounm` shnah ogme`oi yho Og`nchyogbogy'

O}m``~ yho ioqncg, algqyuaynlg mgi lvoumynlg lj yho

jugmaoq yhobqo`zoq smq mg may lj vulyl"Og`nchyogbogy

umynlgm`nqb my yho imsg lj yho amvnym`nqy oum' Yhq yho

zou~ may lj qyoo`bmkngc ng Alm`eullkim`o vulznioi m

eunico eoysoog Amyhl`na hbmgnqb mgi yho Vulyoqymgy

Og`nchyogbogy

Makgls`oicobogyqN mb cumyoj` yl Ahunq Ozmgq mgi Cumg U~ig jlu ngzny"

ngc bo yl algyuneyo yl yho al``l}nb ng Amuinjj ng 5663,

mgi yl yhnq zl`bo' Uoqomuah lg yho Alm`eullkim`o

qyoo`bmkngc qnyo smq giouymkog snyh yho qvvluy mgi

al``melumynlg lj Vuljoqqlu Ulgm`i M Ulqq' Bmg~ yhmgkq

muo m`ql io yl lyhouq snyh shlb N hmzo inqaqqoi

qlbo lj yho niomq ng yhnq vmvou; yho~ nga`io ey muo e~

gl bomgq `nbnyoi yl4 Imzni Aumgqylgo, Bnahmo` Imue~,

Oismui Nbvo~, Bmun`~g Vm`bou mgi Vm` Qymbvou' Zou~

qvoanm` yhmgkq yl Kmyo Vmco"Qbnyh'

Glyoq

=' Alvougnaq smq m amglg ng yho Amyhl`na amyhoium` my Julbeluk

(Vl`mgi., mgi hnq blio` lj yho v`mgoyq blzngc mulgi yho qg

smq algyoqyoi lg nyq uqy ve`namynlg gly e~ Ulbo ey e~ Bmuyng

@yhou' Ngiooi mg omu`~ oayuo e~ Alvougnaq lg yhnq qedoay smq

myyogioi e~ Vlvo A`obogy ZNN' Alvougnaq sluk smq gly ly"

`msoi e~ yho Zmynamg gyn` lzou 36 ~omuq mjyou hnq iomyh (Cuneeng

5665, ===3.'

5' Yho imyo lj yhnq qginm` nq ioemyoi' Iu' Vm` Qymbvou (vouq

albb'. uocmuiq ny mq mg omu`~"=3yh"aogyu~ jomyuo mgi yhq mg

miinynlg bmio e~ Qnu Emqn` Eullko mjyou ho nghounyoi yho oqymyo'

Vm`m Hogiouqlg, ng hou oxyogqnzo hnqylu~ ljYho Yilu Hlqo

mgi Cmuiog, ioqauneoq ny mq `myo =:yh aogyu~ (Hogiouqlg 566?,

=8=.ng shnah amqo ny nq bluo `nko`~ yl hmzo eoog ngqym``oi e~

Qnu Dlhg Eullko'

1' Yho yoahgnam` ioymn`q lj yho aobogymynlg vulaoqq hmzo eoog io"

qauneoi ng yhnq dlugm` uoaogy`~ (Bmakogtno mgi Shnyobmg 566:;

Eo`jlui mgi Ulqq 5663., ql muo gly uovomyoi houo' M qbbmu~ lj

yho injjouogaoq eoysoog zmunlq y~voq lj qyoo` mgi yhonu bmg"

jmayungc vulaoqqoq amg m`ql eo jlgi ng Aumiilak mgi Sm~bmg

5666'

9' Jumganq Sl`jo mayoi mq a`ouk lj yho slukq iungc yho =:96q mgi

=:?6q shog yho Eullko nulgslukngc albv`ox my Alm`eullkim`o

smq qo}oqyouoi e~ Vmu`nmbogy' Sl`jo `nzoi my _vvou Hlqo ng

Bmio`o~, shnah, ioqvnyo nyq `lamynlg a`lqo yl yho vmunqh ahuah,

smq shouo `lam` uoaqmgy jmbn`noq cmyhouoi yl ao`oeumyo Bmqq'Sl`joq blqy jmblq blbogy ambo ng Qovyobeou =:?= mjyou yho

Emyy`o lj Sluaoqyou, shog Kngc Ahmu`oq q`nvvoi msm~ julb hnq

Ul~m` Lmk my Elqaleo` mgi smq hniiog jlu yho gnchy ng yho emug

my _vvou Hlqo; ho myou ho`voi yho Kngc lg hnq vmqqmco yl Jumgao

(Umgim`` =886; Emch =>8?.'

?' Nganiogym``~lu vouhmvq glylgo lj Qnu Emqn` Eullkoq imchyouq

bmuunoi Qnu Yhlbmq Bluoq cumgiqlg (Umgim`` =886.'

Uojouogaoq

Muahnzo QluaoqC`laoqyou Vluy Uoaluiq (CVU.' Alx G A, Hqqo~ I V mgi Bn`go C

D (oiq. =>>8, Yho C`laoqyou Vluy Ellkq Imymemqo, =?3?=3:?,

AI"ULB (_gnzouqny~ lj Sl`zouhmbvylg.'

Gmynlgm` Muahnzoq (GM.4 Qymyo Vmvouq Ilboqyna (QV.'

Ve`nqhoi SlukqMgiuog M =>>8,Eoysoog Muynjmayq mgi Yoxyq4 Hnqylunam` Muahmol`lc~

ng c`lem` vouqvoaynzo' Yumgq' M`mg Aultnou (Gos luk.'

Emuuma`lch K A =>89, Qyoo`bmkngc eojluo Eoqqobou4 Zl` =, E`nqyou

qyoo` (@lgilg.'

Emch C A (oi. =>8?, Znaylunm Algy~ Hnqylu~4 Qhulvqhnuo Zl` XN4

Yo`jlui(Lxjlui.'

Eo`jlui V =>>3, Algzouyouq mgi uogouq4 yho muahmol`lc~ lj Qhojo`i

aobogymynlg mgi auane`o qyoo`bmkngc =366=8?6, gve`nqhoi

BM inqqouymynlg, _gnzouqny~ lj Qhojo`i'

Eo`jlui V 5663, Qe`nbo amqamioq4 smyou mgi vlsou ng Alm`eullkim`o,

Ngiqyunm` Muahmol`lc~ Uoznos 5>(5., =11=98'

Eo`jlui V mgi Ulqq U M 5669, Ngiqyu~ mgi ilboqynany~4 oxv`lungc

hnqylunam` muahmol`lc~ ng yho Nulgeunico Cluco, Vlqy"Boinozm`

Muahmol`lc~ 18(5., 5=?55?'

Eo`jlui V mgi Ulqq U M 5663, Ogc`nqh qyoo`bmkngc ng yho qozog"

yoogyh aogyu~4 yho oxamzmynlg lj ysl aobogymynlg jugmaoq my

Alm`eullkim`o,Hnqylunam` Boym``uc~ 9=(5., =6?=51'Eogy`o~ D H 5663, Omu`~ Blioug Oulvo mgi yho Omu`~ Blioug

Slu`i, ng Vmukou A H mgi Eogy`o~ D H (oiq.,Eoysoog yho bnii`o

mcoq mgi bliougny~ (V`~blyh., =115'

Eumio` J =>8=, Anzn`nqmynlg mgi amvnym`nqb =?yh"=8yh Aogyu~,

Zl`' =4 Yho qyuayuoq lj ozou~im~ `njo, yumgq' Uo~gl`iq Q (Gos

^luk.'

Euko V 5666,M Qlanm` hnqylu~ lj kgls`oico (Ambeunico.'

Amqy`o O =88?, Qahll`q mgi bmqyouq lj jogangc4 julb yho Bnii`o Mcoq

yl yho onchyoogyh aogyu~, jmaqnbn`o uovungy 5661 (Gos ^luk.'

Aumiilak V Y mgi Sm~bmg B @ 5666, Yho iozo`lvbogy lj Oulvomg

jouulq boym``uc~, ng Sm~bmg B @ (oi. Yho Jouulq boym``uc~

lj omu`~ a`lakq mgi smyahoq Qyinoq ng Vlqy"Boinozm` qyoo`

(@lgilg4 Eunynqh Bqob Laamqnlgm` Vmvou =1:., =153'

Aumgqylgo I =>>3,Iousogyalyo qyoo` jugmao4 mg ngiqyunm` blg"bogy ng Algy~ Iuhmb (@mgamqyou.'

Aumgqylgo I jluyhalbngc, Yho Shnyohmzog Almqy =?665666 vlqy"

boinozm`, ngiqyunm`, mgihnqylunam` muahmol`lc~

8/8/2019 Steel at the dawn of capitalism: reformation, technology and enlightenment

11/11

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HB 95(5. 5668 EO@JLUI4 QYOO@ MY YHO IMSG LJ AMVNYM@NQB

Cuneeng D 5665, Qanogao4 m hnqylu~ =?91566= (@lgilg.'

Hmbbouq`o~ C J =>35, Hnqylu~ lj yho nulg ngiqyu~ ng yho Jluoqy

lj Iomg uocnlg, =?:5=::6, gve`nqhoi VhI yhoqnq, _gnzouqny~

lj @lgilg'

Hm~bmg U 5661, Yho Qhulvqhnuo sulchy nulg ngiqyu~, a'=:66=>66,

gve`nqhoi VhI yhoqnq, _gnzouqny~ lj Enubngchmb'

Hogiouqlg V 566?, Yho Yilu hlqo mgi cmuiog (Gos Hmzog mgi

@lgilg.'Hl`boq U 5668, Yho Mco lj Slgiou4 Hls yho Ulbmgyna cogoumynlg

inqalzouoi yho eomy~ mgi youulu lj qanogao (@lgilg.'

Hqqo~ I 5666, Almqym` mgi unzou yumio ng vuo"ngiqyunm` Ogc`mgi4

Eunqyl` mgi nyq uocnlg =:86=316 (Oxoyou.'

Dmale B A mgi Qyosmuy @ 5669, Vumaynam` bmyyou4 Gosylgq qanogao

ng yho qouznao lj ngiqyu~ mgi Obvnuo, =:83=8?= (Hmuzmui.'

Dogkngq U =>51, Glyoq lg yho omu`~ hnqylu~ lj qyoo`bmkngc ng

Ogc`mgi, Yumgq Gosalbog Qla 1, =:53'

Komugo~ H J =>:9, Luncngq lj yho qanogyna uozl`ynlg (@lgilg.'

Ko~qou, E S =>>6, Eoysoog qanogao mgi aumjy4 yho amqo lj Eouyhl``oy

mgi i~ongc,Mggm`q lj Qanogao 93(1., 5=1:6'

@ohbmgg H mgi Ulyh C (oiq. =>>?, Soeouq Vulyoqymgy Oyhna4 luncngq,

ozniogao, algyoxyq (Ambeunico.'

Bmakogtno U D mgi Shnyobmg D M 566:, Sh~ vm~ bluo< Mg

muahmolboym``ucnam` ngzoqyncmynlg lj =>yh"aogyu~ Qsoinqh

sulchy nulg mgi Qhojo`i e`nqyou qyoo`,Hnqylunam` Boym``uc~

96(5., =18=9>'

Blk~u D 5665, Yho Cnjyq lj Myhogm4 hnqylunam` luncngq lj yho

Kgls`oico Oalglb~ (Vungaoylg.'

Blk~u D 566? Yho ngyo``oaym` luncngq lj blioug oalglbna culsyh,

ng Autnl M ] mgi Jluynq B (oiq. Uoqomuah mgi yoahgl`lcnam`

ngglzmynlg4 Yho ahm``ogco jlu m Gos Oulvo (@lgilg., =38='

Blk~u D 566:, Bouamgyn`nqb, yho Og`nchyogbogy, mgi yho Ngiqyunm`

Uozl`ynlg, ng Jngi`m~ U, Hogunkqqlg U, @ngicuog H mgi @gimh`

B (oiq., O`n J' Hoakqahou (=83>=>?5.4 M ao`oeumylu~ q~bvlqnb

(Ambeunico, Bmqqmahqoyyq., 5:>161'

Blyy U M =>81, Hogu~ Alu y4 Yho Cuomy Jngou , oi Qngcou V(@lgilg.'

Voua~ D =8:9,Boym``uc~4 nulg mgi qyoo`, Zl` 5 (@lgilg.'

Umgim`` D =886, M Hnq ylu~ lj Bmio`o~, nga`ingc Nulgeunico,

Alm`eullkim`o mgi Alm`vluy oya, =>3? uovungy (Qhuosqeu~.'

Qaheouy H U =>?3, Yho hnqylu~ lj yho Eunynqh nulg mgi qyoo` ngiqyu~

(@lgilg.'

Qo``mu S A mgi ^omybmg U D =>16, =6:: mgi m`` yhmy(@lgilg.'

Qhmvng Q =>>9,M Qlanm` hnqylu~ lj yuyh4 anzn`ny~ mgi qanogao ng

qozogyoogyh aogyu~ Ogc`mgi(Ahnamcl.'

Q`lmg K 5663, M Gos Slu`i4 Ogc`mgiq jnuqy znos lj Mbounam(@lgilg.'

Qbnyh A Q =>:9, Yho inqalzou~ lj amuelg ng qyoo`, Yoahgl`lc~ mgi

A`yuo ?(5., =9>=3?'

Qsooy U 5669,Mgyn}munoq4 yho inqalzou~ lj yho vmqy ng onchyoogyh"

aogyu~ Eunymng (@lgilg.'

Yungiou E 566?,Emucoq mgi emucobog4 M qlanm` hnqylu~ lj yho _vvou

Qozoug Gmzncmynlg =::6=>66 (Ahnahoqyou.'

_vylg A =>>1,M hnqylu~ lj Enubngchmb (Ahnahoqyou.'

Zm`ogyngo O =>:8,Umvnouq (@lgilg.'

Soeou B =>69?, Yho Vulyoqymgy Oyhna mgi yho qvnuny lj amvnym`nqb

Yumgq' Vmuqlgq Y, =>?8 oinynlg (Gos luk.'

Yho myhlu

Vm` Eo`jlui nq Homi lj Muahmol`lc~ mgi Blgbogyq

my yho Nulgeunico Cluco Bqob Yuqy' Ho nq mg

muahmol`lcnqy shlqo ngyouoqyq nga`io vlqy"boinozm`

jouulq ngiqyunoq, yho uojlubmynlg, omu`~ ngiqyunm`"

nqmynlg, al`lgnm`nqb, mgi algyobvlumu~ mgi hnqylunam`

muahmol`lc~' Ho hmq eoog Algqouzmynlg Ljaou lj yho

Hnqylunam` Boym``uc~ Qlanoy~ qngao 5661, mgi m`ql ahmnuq

yho Qlanoy~q Muahmol`lc~ Albbnyyoo'

Miiuoqq4 Nulgeunico Cluco Bqob Yuqy, Almah Ulmi,

Alm`eullkim`o, Yo`jlui, Qhulvqhnuo, YJ8 3I]

o"bmn`4 vm`'eo`jluiFnulgeunico'luc'k