Steam power plant

Steam boiler

1-Basic Boiler Construction Header2-Front fired studded wall refractory covered boiler 3-Roof fired membrane wall modern Radiant heat boiler4-Components *-Steam drum *- Water drum *-Headers *-Generating tubes

-*Screen tubes *-Water wall tubes *-Down comers *-Riser/Return tubes *-Superheated tubes *-Superheated support tubes 5-Material requirements 6-Advantages of membrane/monowalls 7-Advantages of roof firing over side firing

8-Ligament Cracking Mechanics

9-Smoke tube Boilers *-Tank (scotch) Boiler *-Design *-Modern (packaged) boiler *-Operation *-Authors Note 10-Dual Pressure (double evaporation) Boilers *-Secondary drum *-Typical circuit incorporating

Dual Pressure Boiler

11-Advantages and disadvantages of water tube boilers 12-Marine Radiant Reheat Boilers 13-Steam-Steam Generators-14-Superheaters *-Reason for superheating steam -Limit of Superheat -Positioning of the superheated -Integral (FW D-type) -External (FW ESD III)

-*Designs of Superheater banks and ---

mounting arrangements - U-TubesExternal (melesco type -

*-Methods of attachment - Expanded

- Welded

15-Air Heaters *-Reasons for their use *-Types of air heaters - Lungstrom gas/air heater (regenerative -

Tubular gas/air heater

-Bled steam air heater

16-Burners *-Combustion of fuel in furnace and burner design -Process

-Combustion in furnace space -Types -Pressure jet

-Spill type pressure jet - Variable orifice pressure jet - Steam assisted - Steam atomisation

- Ultrasonic -Spinning Cup -Blue Flame

17-Refractories *-Purpose *-Properties *-Types *-Forms *-Furnace linings - Studded tubes *-PRESENT DAY TYPES -TANGENT WALL.

- MembFurnace floors -rane wall - Front walls -Burner openings -Brick bolts

*-Refractory failure -SPALLING -SLAGGING

-SHRINKAGE CRACKING 18-SAFETY VALVES *-LIFT PRESSURE *-10% ACCUMULATION OF PRESSURE RULE

-*BLOWDOWN *-SETTING *-Improved high lift safety valve *-Materials *-Full lift safety valve19-Gauge glasses *-General *- Low pressure boilers( up to 17.5 bar) *-Tubular gauge glass *-Medium pressure boilers

*-High pressure boilers *-General gauge glass faults *-Bi-color gauges *-Igema remote reading indicator

Boiler feed pumps

1-Boiler feed pumps 2-Balancing of two stage pumps 3-Bearings 4-Flow characteristics of 5-controlled feed pumps 6- Gland 7- Contents

-*Introduction *-General Components*-Working Mechanism *- Definition of Important Terms *- Understanding Performance Curves *-Troubleshooting References

Condensors

1-BASIC FUNCTION *-1,Only latent heat should be removed as this increases thermal efficiency *- 3, Air must be removed from the condenser

2-DESIGN 3-PROTECTION OF CONDENSERS4-Marine growth prevention

5-Erosion protection 6-CONDENSER CLEANING 7-Leakage8-Regenerative condensers 9-Material of tubes *-Tube fitting *-Stays10-Advantages of the different designs of condenser *-Underslung

-*Axial plane( radial flow ) 11-Scoop systems

*-Scoop System layout

Economizer part

1-definition 2-Purpose 3-History 4-Description 5-Fittings 6-Materials7-Cast iron extended gill *-economizer -Inlet end -Return end

-* Mild steel fin extended surface economizer - Plug