Std11-Tamil

8/6/2019 Std11-Tamil

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RV Rm

_] LQ U] ASVL _V aTWR TdV RR

TgNT k _WR UWhPWP EjLX TeL

kV UNX V] LeLEfNX _X RWeL

RY T SU _LRT T B^ ULLa RY _V LR

_] LQ UeL[ RVL _V aTWR TdV RR

_V a _V a _V a_V _V _V _V a!

- ULL CWkWSR Ro

Shl Ti - Ts

CkVj RV! UdLu CuT uTeL[d Ldu\ V GpXPV U]jm Bh Nn\n,

u lTVo TgNTm. kYm. ofNWjRmUWhVjRm. WPjRm. JNYm.

YeL[jRm. Es[d [of APVf Nn\,

u lTVo kV. CUV UXj RPoLpGW d\; V]. LeL BLu

Cu] p Ju\; CkVd LPXXL[pYQeLlT\,

AY u][ Yiu\]; u LZl TWu\],

CkVu CuT uTeL[d Ldu\ RV. EQdYt! Yt! Yt!

III

RVlTPpYkR URWm;^_Xm. TXm UXV_ cRXm^vV vVUXm URWm

^lW wVjvS XR Vm

pX ^R jm R[ ^m^am. UW Tm^LRm. YWRm. URWm!

YkR URWm!YkR URWm!

Tem NkW NhPo

EU

CkV G] S, CkVo A]Ym G]EPu\lLs,

G] ShP Su Tm Sd\u, CkShuTZmTUdLLm TuL UWf \ltLLm SuTRm AP\u, CkShu TUdj Rk[eP Gum TTYu,

GuPV Tt\o. BVoLs. G]d YVpjRo A]YWm UlTu, GpXPm AumUVRm LhYu,

Gu Shtm Gu UdLdm EZjP ]k tTu, AYoLs SXm Y[m TYXRu GumUrf LiTu,

IV


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4/133

1

NnhT1, Yrj

RPem NVp CR \\ C\V Yrjm UWuT C\Yrjm. Tm Um. \kR Sm Aq\V JlT YjGiQlTR-u AYt\m YrjRX \VR u U Yrjm

Sh Yrjm ClTs CPm Tts[],

(A) C\ Yrj

AsTjR TZfYV LmT R]BWoR GuLiQ AV Y]

T[]jm RmT[ LQ eLl WQUn u\Yu\ R YrY

LRV LjRRh LjRn UdLXmR NmYjd L B

]m hEoj W[ BhmlT[ VuNmi QlTe L[,

- RU]Yo

C\YrjRL AUks[ ClTPp RU]YWp CVt\lThP,

RU]YoTPpLs Gum RL

k ClTPp R NnVlThPRm, Ckp 1452 TPpL[d LiPRm, C\SV Y jm Ckp

Rr Uu ETPRm G]l Tt\l Tu\,

RU]Yo GpXm CutdL ]jRYo, AuTo T NnV BoYeLiPYo, AYo YRWiVm G]lTm U\dL Gum Fp L VlTs[ GuTodm. L_Yp AmUVdm UL]Lj RuVYo,fWlTsp Lp Lis[ C\Yu TVo RU]Yo, AlTUuA[p \kRUVp Tt\o AYdj RU]Yo G]l TVhP]o,

L VlT s[ fWlTsV BiP _VWeL NdLSR SVdLoGu\ AWNPm LQdLWLl Tk YkRo, AYo U\dl u]oj

RU]Yo AlTV Ht\o, _VWeL NdL SR SVdLo Bhm. AYoU] CW ]h Bhm LQdLWLl TVt]o, UhYoZ 2

Gum UeLV UQk YrkRo, u]oj \ YrdLp ShPeLi \ iPo, Xo UWp YkR U[] GuTu Am. BmTtf \k [e]o, AYo d Tt\ CPm CWUSRWju JTs[ CXhWUm, AYo YrkR LXm ,,18 Bm t\iPm,

AgNtTs

BWoR - AV ArR; WQUn - UVn; Rm - nU; LB -LLs RX]; EojW[ Bhm - A]j Eod hPeL[mBhdm; LRV LjRRs LjRn U - GilTodL VRLjLdm EhT[n Es[; l T[ - UX] T[, TYLTYLTYLTYLTYL::::: Giod LSX BV jRm,Giod LSX BV jRm,Giod LSX BV jRm,Giod LSX BV jRm,Giod LSX BV jRm,

CXdLQm

TZfY - B\m YtUj RL - BWo (AU + Ao)TijRL; RmRmRmRmRm T[ - Nnm Gum YnThl TVWfNm; eLl eLl eLl eLl eLl

WQUn - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; LXmmmmm RNmmmmm - GimU;EojWs - B\m YtUj RL; Nm - Npm GuTRu CPd\LWm;lTs - Ef Nt\Po;

(B) U Yrj

YV u\Ru UdL [j]dL ]W LX kPlTV SYV NjR TZkRrIV RPX Li TYm,

- TsVLWm , LkRNl XYo,

ClTPX CVtVYo TsVLWm , LkRNl XYo BYo, AYo RgNu

\SLol Tp. RtT

TsVdWLWm

Gu YZeLlTm

TsVLWm

Gum Fp 9-6-1898 Au \kRo, AYo RkRVo XULm s[; RVoN[kRWYp AmUVo,

Ts C Yl YW Tu\ AYo. Ru NkR VtVm. TpYAOo TUdLs RPoTm Rr CXdLQ CXdVeL[d Ltj RokTmXYWL [e]o, Um AYo RU Vu BeXm. Wg. CXju.YPU BV UL[d Lt AmULm XU dLYWLj LrkRo,

TuUl XYWV AqYOo LWkRj Rrf NeLjp TX BiLsAUfNWL [es[o, BeXjm Rm TX pL[l TPjs[o,RUvW GuTo GV BeXd LR Ju\j Rp Nns Yp CWeLtT Gum RXlp U TVojs[o, RZOoLuTUltVYWnj LrkR ,LkRNlXYo AYoLs 18-06-1977 CpU\kRo,


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3

AgNt Ts

YVm - EXLm; RuUdLs - TZeLXj YrkR UdLs; E[j] -Rm U]dLjR; L]W LXm- NLVp EWjR LXm; CkP -XP; TV - UpX; SYVNjR TZkRr - Tf UVLj RuVTZkRr; Rs - Y; IV - Rn, TYL: LTYL: LTYL: LTYL: LTYL: L jRmjRmjRmjRmjRm

CXdLQm

RuUdLs-TijRL; Es[m-BTVo; EWLXm-]jRL;TZkRr-Tij RL; IVRs - B\m YtUj RL; Rs RX-(R[j RXVp) - CWiPm YtUjRL; TYm -(RuUl TuU]t)

(C) Sh Yrj

\kR] RuL WuX okR] oY[g NokR]

U NnLu StTVu UpYY[u YkRRo Tk\m YnkR]

T uT PV SLTt\ okR] TpT iP]

C XjYk Rmo ReYGeLs Rnu TReLs C\gYm,

- lWUV TWVo

ClTPX CVtVYo ULL lWUV TWVo BYo, AYo TPpLs TWVo LRLs Gum RXlp RdLlTt YYks[],Ak-p RV ReLs Gum Tlp ClTPp CPmTts[, YeLUp Tem NkW NhPTjVVo GV YkR URWm Gum TP uUTVolT Cl TPXm,

RVL Gu Tt\lTm TWVo GhPVWjp 11-12-1882-Cpu]NAnVdm CXdAmUdm UL]Lj Ru]o,

C[UXV LTm \u TtkRo, AYo TPpLs Ys[VoBhu r AUlThd PkR CkV UdLu Es[eLp RXYhL Gum LhjV hm Add gL[n AUkR],

TWVo UWp Es[ NT EVoXl Tsp BVWLm.u]of Nu] k YYkR RNjWu TjLd ERBVWLm NdLWYoj Gu\ TjLd BVWLm. CkV Gu\YWlTjLd BVWLm Lrks[o, AYo Rd Y[gNodm

CXdVeL[l TPjRo, RV UTVojs[o, Um. LiQu Th.

pTh. TgN NTRm BV LVeL[m TPjs[o, 11-09-1921Au U\kRo,

4

AgNtTs

- NpYm. Y[m; RuLo JuX - Jlhd \VR EVo]EPV; U - TkV; Nn - YVp; UpRp - \Rp; SL -u]L; TpT - TX ALXuLs; CXm - TV X; iP] -Aks[n; TReLs - YLs; C\gYm - YQeYm, TYL :TYL :TYL :TYL :TYL :GiodLSX BV jRm,GiodLSX BV jRm,GiodLSX BV jRm,GiodLSX BV jRm,GiodLSX BV jRm,

CXdLQm

\kR]. Ju]. okR]. NokR]. YnkR]. iP] - CYuX JU ]tLs; U Nn - ]jRL; TmTmTmTmTm CuTm -Nnm Gum YnThl TVWfNm; StTVu; Tk\m - TijRLLs,

Qof Ls

1, XUu Dt\j UnVLm YUu RXjEWLm Clu Aq NtLm QmT XUDt UnPu YU R p Es[ Eo Nok m,

G,L,Ts + A]jm

[T(s +A) ]jm = T[]jm

: EPp Up EoYk RuY VpT

- Sup 204

l: XUp R Sp u Un YkRm. TXGjL[j RPok Cp Un YkRmUhU Cq Tkm, XUp Rdpu UnYu GqY QUuTR AjYm

p LiL,2, XUp Rd t\ju u UnYk. YU

R p EoYu R p XU C Un CWhm,

G,L,Gm+EoGmm + Eo = Gmo Rdp u Jt EoYu CWhm u]o EPpUpEoYk RuY VpT Gum lT

Gm (m + E) = Gmo Gu Qm,


6/133

5

3, EPmT Un

XU Dm. YU Rm EoL[L Clu AqNtLm Qofp hNdm, NokNdL Yi.EPmTPR AqWim EPmTRt Th CPV VLWm.YLWm EPmT UnL[L Ym,

XU CLW. DLW. ILWUu VLW EPmT Unm.H]V EoL[u YLW EPmTUnm. HLWUu VLWm.YLWm BV C EPmT UnLm Y m,

: C. D. I Y Vqm H]EoYYqm. Hu CqUmEoYu EPmT UnVu\m,

G,L,p+C

1, Y- + AVoV

Y- (n + A) Vo = Y-VVo

j+D2, + GkR

V (n +G) kR = VkR

q + I3, SY + ANjR

V SY (n + A) NjR = SYVNjR

t+A4, u\ + Ju\

Y u\(q + J)u\ = u\Yu\

(f+H)5, N + AZ

VN(n + A) Z = NVZ

YN(q+A) Z = NYZ

CqY EPmTUn Tt\u EPpUp EoYk RuYVpT Gum lT XU Dt UnPu YUR p Es[ Eo Hl Qm,

l : XU EWL Ckm tVLWULlu CqTkR, ARt UpYm tVLWl QofVd LiL,

6

4, tVLWl Qof

XUu C Gj tVLWUL Ck. YUuRXj EWL Clu tVLWm Ru Fok YkRYp ] UnV tLf Nn Ru Uhm U\m, u EPpUpEoYk RuYVpT Gum lT XUtYp ] UnPu YU R p Es[ EWl Qm,

G,L,(j+E)

Lj + ARsR

Lj (j+A) Rs = LjRRs EoYu Ed\s UnhPm

- Sup

XUd tVLWm. VLW RuUV QmT CLWULj k Qm,

G,L,(d+E) CLd + V = LdVAqY m CLWm tV-LWUm, VqYu CnVm

X CPeLp XU C tLWm Eo RuUVQmT Ru Fok YkR UnVh U\m, u EPpUp EoYk RuY VpT Gum lT Qm,

G,L,

LR + APl = LR(q+A)Pl = LRYPl.(q+E)

NX + AVoku = NXYVoku, EoYu Ed\s Unh PmVqYu CnVm tUt \WY

- Sup 164

Ed\s - tVLWm; VqYu - VLWm Yu; CnVm-CLW Um; tm- tLWm; At - tLWm TX UnhPm, JW Y - X

CPeLp,

Sp RPod tVLWm. Eoj RPod tVLWm BVYtsPLWjRm. \LWjRm Fok Ym tVLWeLs YUV Qm

T AY Fok Ym Jt CWhjl Qm,


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7

G,L,

1, L + EoLh + Eo - PLW Jt CWhV. u]oEoYu Ed\s Gum lT

(h+E)Lh + Eo = LhoGu QokR,

2, Y + Y = YtY Yt + Y = \LW Jt CWhV u]o Yt Y Gu QokR,

: SX oj RPod tL WeLsP\Yt Whm YtU LY

- Sup 183(p+B)

5, TX + TZm

Cp XUu CGj CVpTL EWjRLAUks[,

L]m + T\Y

Cp XU C ULW Jt\m, A YUV QmT Uq \t\k Gum ]p ULWUn Ak.

L] + T\Y(u+A)L] + T\YGuTp XU E\L Uu\,

CTp CVpTLm. ]m. E\L tm NpuYpXjR (L.N.R.T) RXLPV NtLs Yk QuAqYpXj dl Qm,

TX + TZm = TXlTZmL]m + T\Y = L]lT\Y

: CVpm m u\ EouLNRT mR YR] Uu]

- Sup 16 5

6, 1, Nl TVoL[ Y NlTVoL[. \ NtL[Yk QmT XUu Cp Es[ EoUnVjm ()

LLW Jtm (d). el Qm,

2, AY eVu XUu Cp Es[ \LWm (t)

8

]LWULY(u) XLWULY (p) km Qm,

G,L,

YPd + Ut = YPUtDt EoUnm. LLW Jtm el QokR,Rt + Zd = RuZdDt EoUn e \LWm ]LWULj k QokR,

Ut + S = UpSDt EoUn Lh \LWm XLWULj k QokR, NV Nm \m Nu

Xt oUn LqYt eLm \LWm ]XYj Rm Bm\,

- Sup 186,

Til TVolQof DTRp CPLWm CnVRpB Pp AVLWm IVRp

Ru]t WhPp uu\ UnRp C]Lp C]Vm Tit VpT,

- Sup 136

StTVu SuU + TVu

DTRp Su + TVuQ. ] Yp-]m YW P\m St + TVu = StTVu

TZkRrTZU + Rr

DTRp TZ + Rr

C]Lp (YU Rp RLWjt C]UV SLWm kR) TZk +Rr = TZkRr

VuU + Au

DTRp + Au t+E)C

CPLWm CnVRp + Au + Au

VLW EPmTUn Tt n+Au=Vu

RpLu RuU + LuDTRp Ru + Lu


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9

uu\ UnRp Rp + LuRpLu

Tk\m TU + \mDTRp T + \m

C]Vm Gu\R]p CPLWmNLWjR LhP T+\mAVLWm IVRp T = T + \m p Y VjR VkS uU- LUm

Gum lT YU R p Es[ Up ]m(k) kR Tk + \m= Tk\m,

TtI. T]:T]:T]:T]:T]:

1, l YWL,A) RU]Yo B) ,LkRNl XYo C) lWUV TWVo

2, C\Yu CVpL[Lj RU]Yo Rjs[] VY?

3, , LkRNlXYo AYoLs RrjRu TUV GeM]m TtlLrks[o?

4, TWRjRu TUL[l TWVo GqY LrkWj s[o?

II. CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL,

eLl eLl eLl eLl eLl WQUn. LX mmmmm RNm.m.m.m.m. EojWsRuUdLs EWLXm TZkRr. TYm

StTVu Tk\m

III. TTR ElXdLQm RLTTR ElXdLQm RLTTR ElXdLQm RLTTR ElXdLQm RLTTR ElXdLQm RL,

u\.U. h. ANjR.TYm. \kR]. iP] C\gYm,

IV. TTTTTjLj LjLj LjL

1 ,1 ,1 ,1 ,1 , LOoLOoLOoLOoLOo \kR Fo\kR Fo\kR Fo\kR Fo\kR Fo

RU]Yo GhPVWmLkRNlXYo U\dL

TWVo YWeLmTsVLWm10

22222 LOoLOoLOoLOoLOo p p p p p

RU]Yo TgN NTRmLkRNlXYo RU]Yo TPpLsTWVo YhT

CWeLtT

V. P RoL:P RoL:P RoL:P RoL:P RoL:1, Rr U u ET PRm

A) LiQu Th. B) CWeLtT C) RU]Yo TPpLs,

2, RU]Yo BtV T.A) AUfNo B) TPjRXYo C) AWdLQdLo

3, TWVo BVWL CkR YWlTjLA) RNjWu B) CkV C) NdLWYoj

4, TWVo U TVojR p.A) CWUVQm B) TWRm C) R,


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TPUPmWo ApXRo Um. hPo Um. iThPo Um. jRo

C[Vo Um NpRp,

CXdLQm

A[m. ALpYVp - ]jRLLs; YWVYWVYWVYWVYWV UW - DLhPGoU\l TVWfNm; LPA - CN\V[TP; LZtLp - CWiPmYtU Em TVm EPuRdLRL,

(B) ALSALm + Su + = ALS, ALlTs CXdLQjt

CXdVUnj Lm 400 TPpLs AUkR p ALS Bm, CkpLtV]W. UPTY[m. jXdLY Gum uL[PV, LtV]Wp 120 TPpLm. UPTY[jp 180TPpLm. jXdLYp 100 TPpLm Es[], ALStp AUks[TPpLs 13 Af Um 31 Al TUm LiPY, CkpSkRL Gum YZeLlTm,

Ck p 1.3.5 G] Jt\lTP GiL[L YY] TXjQlTPpL[Lm. 2. 8 G] YY] gjQl TPpL[Lm. 4.14 G] YY]pXjQl TPpL[Lm. 6.16 Gu YY] URjQl TPpL[Lm.10.20 Gu YY] SnRpQl TPpL[Lm AUj AZ\jRdLlThs[], CkXjRjRYo. UW ElZoUL]oEjWNuUo BYo, RljRu. TiVu EdWlTY BYu,

TXKeUXf Xmp PPu UXokRYeL YjRZ YYj Ru]FuT AZd Lhod [uPu Du\ PeLo ZjR

Lp PW[l QlT okR]l

T[o EYl TrYn Ht\ALh EZUu BiWp KodmST LYX WmT PYs Vl TX SugNXYVok ]p V] TXXkEiQ EVdLU EoNXf NAnjRm RpLu RXV SmkRo TVod WeUk uUu Ck] CX]

- J[YVo

Q :Q :Q :Q :Q : TX \ : \ : \ : \ : \ : NXQojV Rdj RXULs Np V,14

ClTPXl TVYo J[YVo, AYo NeLLXl TiTtXYs \k[eVYo; AYo AVUu SU]g Gum X Uu]Pu BrkR

Shd LiPYo, AmUu]u AYdL[l XYWLj LrkRYo, iPSs YZfNnm ArRjR JjRRo AV Sp dLVj Ru EiQ AVUuJ[Yd Dk UrkR NnVl \St\p AVXm, J[YVo TVTPpL[l \Stm. StQm. kRLm LQXm,

AgNtTsKeUX = EVokRUX; Xm = UXfNWp; YeL P; =

UXXjR Y[m UWeLs; PYm YeLl Pu J NWj Rum Lh d[Lh EYUVt, TL[PV PYmm UgNs \jPuEs[ YeLlm APokR RZLPu Rum T LidLR t[m d[Lu YY JlTj Rum,

FuTVZd Lho - RNlTu YYWR SLeLs( d SLeLs Lp RNds[ Tkdm, CWUtTm T AYYYk CWVddm, CeL u [Ls AlTRu\kRYVRXp AYtu SLeLs RNlTu YYW TkkR]Gu\Y) LrjR - Y UVt KnkR, TokR] = T kRRL; EY

= Bi-; PeLo-dL] CPm; Kodm - Etd Lhm LYX -(CWiPLl [ThP) [Y; EiQ EVdLm - EQm EiQR YjRm;NAn - U t. TVo-dLm (eRp) Uk CuU - YUkRum CuUVu; ]Xu = NVXtl T]u,

Qu Td CWe EZUu WX Kodm EYVt\ AXm PV Nu\YWRRp Sm RXYo SmSnd CWe WV YYo GumLjlTPj RX lTp EQoj]s

Ti u Td CWe EZUu WX EtdLhm Bi YZem Wm Gu\Rp SmRXYm SU uT Snd CWe WV YYoGuT C\f,

YsVo NeL LXjp YrkR TiTtXYoLs JYWYo,LLXu ULs BUk GuTYs Ru LQY]j RAXkR TX CYmRu LQY]j R AXkRs GuTR]f NeLl TPpLs XYttLi\m, YsVo LQY]j RVXkR NnV SUdl TPULYks[ J[YVo TP-t Li\m. LX TRl]Y LiQ. SdSd YZkR]Y Gu\ CYo TPXd kRLt Tdm TLtTo SgNm Em, CYo TV]YLd kRLp Ghm StQp

CWim ALStp CWim YsYUXp Jum LQdPdu\],

CXdLQmKeUX - ]jRL; AZdAZdAZdAZdAZd Lho - DLhP GoU\l

TVWfNm; WmT P P P P P - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; P -

]jRL; EiQEiQEiQEiQEiQ EVdLm - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; NAn - CN\V[TP; RpLu - TijRL; kRo - ]VXQmTVo,


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15

(C) IeIk + U + = Ie, Ie tp u\f Um

B\l TUm LiP 500 TPpLs Es[], URm. SnRp. g. TX.pX Gum YN\p AUdLlTh. JqYQm 100 TPpL[dLis[, JqYQs[ 100 TPpLm TjlTjlTPpLsLiP TjlTL[Lj RjRj RXlLu rl TdLlThs[],

Ck p Es[ URjQlTPpL[ KWmTVm. SnRpQlTPpL[ AmY]m. gjQlTPpL[d LXm. TXjQlTPpL[ KRXkRVm. pXjQlTPpL[l TV]m Ts[]o,

CR]

URU WmT SnR XmYuLe g LXu - LVTXVR XkR TpX TV]

XV Re

Gum TZm TPXp AVXm, Ik L[m RjRYo Xj\ tVPo Zo, RljRYo LfNWUu V]dLiNn UkRWgNWp

CmT\ Gum NWUu]u, Cktl TWRmTV TkRY]o LPsYrjl TPXu\l Tf Nojs[o,

TVo ClTPX CVtVo LXo, X]d Lt\ AkRQ[u Gu LZlThPYo

LXo, Ys[p Tu AYdL[l XYWL [eVYo, T A[Yt\ AuLiPYo,

glTh. Ie tp gj QlTPpLs . TtlTjpHZmTj. L jRLp gd L s[ 29 TdLs R V] CYo

CVtV]Ym, CYW ThYuUdl TZV CXdLQ EWLp

ERWQULd LhPlTm LXW Th Gum RPW Nu\m,

UgOlTj

GUs YeL kR RL CZV UPkRt \u SP! CNn R]V kR YVo SuU] YY VVWYsue kRu UXWk RV

- LXo

Q :Q :Q :Q :Q : g \ : \ : \ : \ : \ : YY NpX u j RXULtj R V,

16

YYp RXd UXWVd LiP R CqY\mT Au\ h]G]f Np VY\m,

UXokR YeLdLi CkR RLTu] UPkRp Rum SP - Gu\

RXY]. u E\]o Cu RXdj UQm Ll fhf

\lf NnR]o; V AY[ TZkR SsLXV AYdUQULhLXm TX AZ Nn UrkkR] Gu Es\ EYUmRu\ u\,

AgNtTs

GUsYeL = SlTVjR YeLUWm; Us = EYU; RL =Up; UXokR YeL TuZdm ARuLi Es[ RL UPkRdmEYULs; Bp = ANX; YY = UQm; AVW=LrjR;uekRp = u]lThP TV (LV) kRp; kR YVo Gu\RXYu Tt\W YrjV, C TVkRolTfNp G]lTm,UXWkRn! kR YVo C NnR] Gu\Y; R L[dLXjt\ YjRju e]U EWjRs,

CXdLQdl

CkR CkR CkR CkR CkRRL - TVWfNm; Us - EYU; CZV - ]jRL; SP - AiU; kR - mRkR GuTRu UE U; YVo -VeLs ]t; SuU] - TijRL,

Qof Ls

1, G u m T V u u Yp ] RuU Yk QPjAqYpXjd C]U] UpXj dl Qm,

G,L, + L = eL

YU R p Es[ d Gum Yp ] Gjd C]U] e GumUpXj dl QokR,

lTVo uC] UuUk Rum

- Sup -200UuUk Rum Gu\R]p YpXj YRm YZdp Ei GuTT\lThP, + P = dP

2, 1, ULW Dtf NtLs YU V QmT ULWm Lh E\n u.Eo RuUV EPmTUn Ttm. Yp ] RuUVYpXj dm Qm,


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17

2, X CPeLp Yp ] RuUV QmT ULWm LP, YUuYpXjt C]U] Up ]ULj km Qm,

3, Up ]. CP] RuUV QmT ULWm Lh CVpTLlQm,

UWm + AUW (q+A) = UWYULWm Lh EPmTUn Ttl QokR,UWm + [

dUWm + [ = UWd[

DLh YpXj dl QokRTZm + u\u

kTZm + )u\u = TZku\u

XU Dt ULWm Lh YU R s[ j Gum Yp ]Und C]U] k Gum Up ] UnVLj k QokR,

UWm + Yo = UWYoULW Dt U CP] RuUV QmT ULWm Lh CVpTLlQokR,

UWm + So = UWSo

ULW Dt U Up ] RuUV QmT ULWm Lh CVpTLlQokR,

Uq \t\k \lTmYuUd ]Uj Tm Bm

- Sup 219

3, YtUl Qofp XUt Q LWm Yp ] RuUVQmT P LWULj m

Ui + LXm = UhLXm

XUt ] LWm Yp ] Ru UV Qm T \ LWULjm,

Tu + Pm = TtPm

Q]Yp ]m YWh P\m \Yu CVpm Bm YtUd LpYd

L]jUn Ym CVpT mU - Sup 209.18

4, YtUl Qofp: XUt XLWm. [LWm. Yp ] Ru UV QmT XLWm \LWULj m; [LWm PLWULj mG,LLZp + Lp = LZtLpLs + Pm = LhPm

XUt XLWm. [LWm Up ] RuUV QmT XLWm]LWULm [LWm QLWULm m,G,LNp+ UX = NuUXAs + U= AiU

X[Yt Ut \Pm ApYAYt\ \rm Y Y ]U U ]Qm CPYu CVpmBm CY Vm GuT,

- Sup 227,

5, XU Dtp ]LWU. XLWU u YU R p RLWm Yu A \LWUL Um; SLWm Yu A ]LWUL Um,G,L,Tu + = TuLp + = LtTu + Su= Tu]uLp + Su = Lu]u

X U Dtp QLWU. [LWU u YU R p RLWm Yu APLWULm SLWm Yu A QLWULm Um,G,L,Ui + = Uis + = hLi + o = Lio

s + Su = iQu]Xu \]m Q[u PQmBm RSdLs Be LX,

- Sup : 237

6, TX Gum Npu TX Gum Npm X Gum Npu X GumNpm Yk QmT,

1, CVpTLl QmTX + TX = TXTXX + X = XX

2, dl QmTX + TX = TXlTXX + X = XfX


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19

3, XU Cs[ ALWm LP Gg tm XLWm \LWULj kQm,G,LTX + TX(p+A)Tp + TXp tTp + TX = TtTX(p+A)X +Xp + X = tX

4, TX. X Gum NtLs u \ NtLs Yk Qu XU CALWm Lhm Qm; LPUm Qm,(p+A)TX + T = TpTTX + T= TXT(p+A)X + Y[ = p Y[X + Y[ = XY[

TX X GY Rmu RmYu CVpm Lm ALWm HLXLWm \LWm BLm \YuALWm LtTm BLm E[\

- Sup 170

TtI. ]:]:]:]:]:

1, \S Ttd l YWL,2, YWV UWu U TX , EYUV [dl TPu TjL,3, LZtLp TL]l TWQo GeM]m LrkWjs[o?4, ALS Ttd l YWL,5, J[YVo Ttd l YWL,6, WmT P GjRLV?7, ALStp AUkR ll T[j RTjL,8, Ie Ttd l YWL,9. LXo Ttd l YWL,10, RXULtj R V] VY?11, Ie tlTPXp AVYm Es\l T[j R TjL,

II. S]:S]:S]:S]:S]:

1, NXQojV Rdj RXULs Np

VYt\ [dL,20

III. CXdLQdl YWL, CXdLQdl YWL, CXdLQdl YWL, CXdLQdl YWL, CXdLQdl YWL,

A[m. LPA V]. LZtLp.KeUX. WmTP. RpLu. YiUl,

IV. jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,

EPm. LZtLp. Lho. NXYVoku,

V. TTR ElXdLQm RL,TR ElXdLQm RL,TR ElXdLQm RL,TR ElXdLQm RL,TR ElXdLQm RL,

Tk. Du\. Xk.RXV. kRo CWe. U\kR]u,

VI. PRoL,PRoL,PRoL,PRoL,PRoL,

1, \Stp X TPpL[ BeXjp UTVojRYo,A) LpYp B) Tv (C) ,, Tl

2, LPV Ys[pLp JYu,A) hYu NWp B) TLu C) TiVu EdWl TY,

3, L] UgOdd L-eLm DkRYu,A) T B) L C) TLu

4, LtV] Wp Es[ TPpLu GidL,A) 100 B) 120 C) 180

5, J[Yd AV Sp-dLV DkRYu,A) AVUu B) Bn C) Ypp K

VII. TjLTjLTjLTjLTjL

1 ,1 ,1 ,1 ,1 , NpNpNpNpNp ----- TsTsTsTsTs

Eo - Ti[ - TuQ - SLmLZp - RkRm

h

2 ,2 ,2 ,2 ,2 , Q QQ QQ BVoBVoBVoBVoBVoURm - KRXkRVoSnRp - TV]og - KWmTVoTX - AmY]opX - LXo

SdWo


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21

TTRElXdLQm ]tLs[ YiVY

C\kRLX CP XLs - j. h. t. Cu LrLX CPXLs - . u. Bu

GoLX CPXLs - l . qGoU\ CPXLs - B. Ap. CpRuU JU ]t Ls - Gu. Hu. Ap. Au. .. . RuUl TuU ]t Ls - Gm. Hm. Am. Bm. Jm Km. m. m.

m. m,uX JU ]t Ls - I. BnuXl TuU ]t Ls - Co. DoHYp JU ]t - CHYp TuU ]t - uTPodL BiTp ]t Ls - Au. BuTPodLl TiTp ]t Ls - As. BsTPodLl TXoTp ]t Ls - Ao. Bo. T. UoTPodL Ju\uTp ]t Ls - . TPodL TXuTp ]t Ls - A. BVeLs ]t Ls - L. CV. CVoRXl TVWfN Ls - A. (Em)RX ]VfN Ls - E. C,

j. d. l - Gum u GjLs Ju\ TmTm NkVL Ym, Nk YWYiV CPjp spXR Gj YkRp AR]f NV G]d lPlTPYim,

Au. A- Gum CWiPs Ju\ NVVL Ym. NV YWYiV CPjp sTt\ Gj Eo H\ CPUj YkRp AR] Gjl T G]d lPp Yim, RV YWUp QVLl Tt Ym GjR Gjl T Bm,


15/133


16/133

23

TtV EiU YWX XlTPpX, NYf NnL[ Es[], YsYoYrkR LXm Ttd Lj YTLs Ei, CYo ,, 31-Cp RuVYWuAOo Xo Yo, CRd LQdpLi sYWi\ YZe Y\,

YsYW JqY NUVjRYm RjRm NUVjRf NokRYWu Yo, CRuXm YsYu EVom TUd LsLm TtjXeYR EQWXm,d\d lTp. Y\ Yrj. EjRWYRm. TnVU Gu Y TVoLsYZeY TXY YsYdm RtTYXo. Tnp XYo. TSYXo.NkSlTRo. SV]o. RYo. URTe Gu\ Y TVoLm YZeu\],

(A) APdLPU

APdLm AUWs Endm APeLUBs Enj m, 1LdL T[ APdLjR; BdLmAREe pX Eod 2NYk oU TVdm AYkRt ]PeLl Tu 3

Xt V RPeVu \t\mUXm UQl T 4GpXodm Su\m TRp; AYsmNpYodL NpYk RLj, 5JUs BUTp IkRPdL XtuGUm HUl Pj 6VLY W SLdL; LYdLpNLlTo Np dl Th 7Ju\k fNt ThTV iPu

Su\L R m 8]t hPi Es[m; B\R

S]t hP Y, 9LReLjd Lt\PeL XtYu NqA\mTodm Btu Zk, 10

AgNtTs\s: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 CY Ik ThPm TYLVp APdLj]

\ld \lThP,\s: 6 - Un APdLm \lThP,

\s: 7.8.9 U APdLm \lThP,\s: 10 U] APdLm \lThP,24

1, APdLm = U]m U UnLs VYLt NpX APeRp; AUWs =RYo EXLm (YodLm); Endm = Njm; Bs = SWLm; Enjm GuTR J NpXLd LsL,

2, T[ = EVokR T[Ld L; LdL = LPlj JL; ARuFe = Aq APdLjRPm,

3, N = APdLm; oU = lTm. \l; AYk = APejRX

AYY Gu\k; Btu = SVYp,4, Xu - (CpX\SVV) Xu u; V - X\Z;

Rt\m = EVo; UQ = Lm,

5, Su Bm = SuURYR Bm; TRp = APeRp; NpYkRLj =NpYm G]jRm \l]Pj,

6, Ik = ImTLs; JU = J\l; GU = H \l; HUl =TLl,

7, V = GYt\ (GpXYt\m); NLlTo = uYo, NpCd = Ntt\m;NLlTo GuT J Np,

8, Ju\m = (Gi A[p) Ju\L Clm; ThTVu-T[p[Y (T[p Ym uTm); EiPu = EiPY Bu; Su\LBm = Rm,

9, EsBm (EPmp iQL tm) Es[jR Bm; S]p =LgNtL[p; Y = Rm; YtUV, Bm RuUV BRXp]t hPR]l i Gum B\ Sgs[ PjR u S]thPR] Y Gum ]o,

10, LRm - ]m; Lj = APd; Nq = RkR LXm; A\m = A\dLPs;Btu = APm Yp,

CXdLQm

1, APeLU - GoU\j RtTVo, Bs - ]jRL,

2, LdL - VeLs ]t; T[ - (T[L GuTRu) RjRpLWm;AREe - CuNV[TP,

3, Tu - Nu Gum YnTh ]VfNm,

4, APeVu - ]VXQm TVo; UXm-EVo \lmU,

5, GpXodm - tmU; TRp - RtTVo; RLj - l ]t; Su\m - (Su\m) RjRp LWm; NpYodL - Rt\LWm,

6, EPj - l ]t; EYUV,

7, GU. Ik - BTVoLs; LYdLp - GoU\ ]VfNm,


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25

8, ThTVu - u\m YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL; Bm -Bm GuTRu LWm; Su - (SuU) TilTVo;

9, ]t ,,,, Y, YtUV (li. LgNpXp EiPV i CWimLVp Ju\ Gu R t JtUlTjl. u li Bm,

S]t hP B\ Gu YTjR-u YtUVVt hP i. hPY, - TVWfNeLs,

10, APeLp - RtTVo. BtYu - ]VXQm TVo,

(B) JlWYRpLmU YiPd LPlT UUhPu]te LpX EX, 1R[tj RkR T[pXk RdLodY[iU NnRt Th 2jR XLj im T\XRJlW ]pX \, 3

JjR RYo YrYu; Ut\VuNjRs YdLl Tm, 4F o\k Rt\ EXLYmTW Y[u , 5TVuUWm Esol TjRt\t NpYm

SVP VuLh Tu 6UkRj RlT UWjRt\t NpYmTkRL VuLh Tu 7

CPp TYjm JlWt LpLoLP] Lh VYo 8

SVPVu SpokR ]Rp NmWNnV RULX Y 9JlW ]pYe LP ]RYutdLs RdL Pj, 10

AgNtTs

\s 1. 2. 3 - JlWu \ld \lThP,\s 4 - JlWYVo C\s 5.6. 7 - JlWY[] NpYm TVuTkRuU,

26

\s 8. 9 - YUVp JlW JRtTt\u GuT\s 10 - JlW]t LY LPu GuT

1, LmU = GoTojf Nnm ER; LPlT = LPUVnd Li NVpTPp;U = UZVj Rm ULm; (TVu LR Tnm UZd EXLm Gu] LmUNnu\? BLY Ris[e LiPYo Nnm ERLm TV]GoTolTpX, G]Y YtlTsYlT U\k YkR, LmU YiPdLPlT Gum Tl T[ UUh Gu]te LpX EX Gu\\llTs GjdLhYRp YtlTs YlT G]Xm,

2, R[t - dL Vt Nn; RkR = DhV; RdLod = RkRYod; Y[iU= ER,

3, jRs EXLm = (CuTf N lPVRLd LRlTm) RYo EXLjm; Dim = CqXLjm. JlWu = JlWYd Lhm; SpX\ = SpX]YV \NVpLs,

4, JjR = EXLSPVk ARtNVf NnY; NjRs YdLlTm = C\kRsJY]Ld LRlTYu,

5, F = Fo UdLs Eiod[m; EXAYm = EXL SPV mfNnm; = NpYm; At = Tm; TVuUWm = TVuTmUWm; Eso =FoSY

6, SVPVu - SpX Es[PVYu (JlWY[u)

7, UkR = UkRn; RlT = RlTR; UWjRt; = UWjR JlT,

8, CPm = NpYm; CPpTYm = YUt\LXm; JpLo = R[Wo; LPu =\U; LhVYo = APVo,

9, SVPVu = JlWY[u; SpokR]Rp = YU YnlTRp, Nnm W =Nnm RuUVPV JlWL[. NnV = NnVlT\, NnVYiVYt\fNnV CjRX JlWY[d SpoRXm; AYu ndL YiVYt\j

ndLU-lT Sp oRp Au GuTRm,

10, L = TsL; LsRdL = Ls[jRdL,

CXdLQm

1, YiPdYiPdYiPdYiPdYiPdLPlT - DLhP GoU\lTVWfNm, EX - CPYTVo,

2, RkRRkRRkRRkRRkRTs - TVWfNm; Th - l ]t; SpX - TXuTp]VXQm TVo,

3, T\p - RtTVo; Dim - EmU Gil Ts,

4, AYu. YrYu - ]VXQm TVoLs; Ut\Vu - l]VXQm TVo,

5, TW - TijRL; (EYUV) AYm - AYm; Nnm Gum GfNm;F - LWQlTVo,


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27

6, TVuUWm - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL (TV]jRmUWm) (EYUV) Eso = Fs GuT uu]RLj RdL B\mYtUjRL,

7, RlTRlTRlTRlTRlTUWm - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; TkRL = TijRL,

8, LP]Lh - ]jRL; JpLo - ]VXQm TVo; CpTYm -TijRL,

9, BRp - RtTVo; W - TXuTtTVo (oU T) Nm - NnmGuTRu RjRp LWm,

10, L. Ls - RX kR RtTVoLs,

(C) LXURp

TLpYpe LVd LdL; CLpYpmYkRod Yim T, 1TYjR PhP JLp ]jWU Bode L, 2A] VuT [Y LVuLX Uk Nu, 3OXe Le Lm LXeL PjRt Nu, 4LXe L lTo; LXeLOXe L TYo, 5FdL PV ]dLm TRLoRdLtl Tk RLj, 6Ts[] BeL \mYWo; LXm Toj

sYolT Ws VYo, 7NSWd Lu UdL; CYWLu ZdLm RX, 8GnRt LV VkRdL XkXVNnRt LV NVp, 9LdLdL mm TYj; Ut\RujRdL ojR CPj, 10

28

AgNtTs

\s 1 LXjR \ld \lThP\s 2. 3. 4 LXUR u TVu\s 5 LXm YWYf NnVjRdL\s 6 LXm YWYd LjlTRu \l\s 7. 8 LjdeLp Ru Es[lTLU Ru\ APdL Gu\p\s 9 RkR LXm Yk Wk NVtTL Gu\p,\s 10 Ljldm. NVtTRdm CXdLQm

1, L = CWp CVem T\YLs Ju (LhPu); CLp = TL; T =RkRLXm Zm,

2, TYjR = LXjR; JhP = CNV; WU = eLUp; Bodm =dm,

3, A] = AV NVp; E[Y = EiP (CpX); LVu LXUk =LXUk RdL LVp NnRp,

4, Lm = ]lm; Lm = LVLjRRm,

5, LXeL = RY\,

6, FdLm EPVu = U]Yf EPVYu; JdLm = APejRp; RLo =BhdPn; RdLt = RdYRtLL; Tm = u] Lp Yem; RLj= RuUj,

7, Ts[] = EP]VL; \mYWo = YlTPVLd Lhd Ls[UhPo;EsYolTo = TLUV Es[ YjlTo; JsVYo = APVYo (APVAWNo),

8, NSo - TLYo. UdL = TL, CYW = (AtL]) C Ss YkRT;ZdLm = YRm; RpYo GuT Ts (RXZL rk TLYoAYo),

9, CVkRdLp - YmT; NVp = NnL; AkXV = AkRd LXmLYRts[,

10, mm TYj = ]Ut NpXdm LXj;Ld JdL = Ldl Tp CdLm;ojR Pj = ]Ut Nu\ CPj; LXm YnjRT; jRdL = AXLi jY TXj RdL,

CXdLQm

1, GjdLhYUV, EYU J RPWLm Ts J RPWLm tLEYU U\k tT GjdLhYUVVm, LVd LdLTLpYpm (ATX) TL YpXd LYodj RkR LXUk \u YimGu\Y, TLpYpm - HZm YtUj RL. CLpYpm - CWiPmYtUj RL,


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29

2, JLp - R t TVo; WUWUWUWUWU Bodm - GoU\ ]VfNm

3, A] - TijRL; E[Y - KLWm GoU\,

4, Nu - ]VfNm,

5, LTYo - ]VXQm TVo,

6, JdLm - R tTVo; TRLo - ]jRL; Tm - TVm GuTRuUE,

7, Ts[] - lU (Wd l) - C CPfNp; JsVYo -]VXQm TVo,

8, UdL - VeLs ]t; GnRdLp - Lt ]VfNm,

9, NVp - Apt EPuTh VeLs ]t; GnRtGnRtGnRtGnRtGnRt AV - GnRt -GoLX ]VfNm,

10, RYUV. mRm jRm BV RpL[ EYjRRpRYUm; JdL - VeLs ]t,

(D) Y VRp

(TL YpR p LjRp. CuNtRp. YTjRp. JjRp Gum SpYLETVeLs JjRp jRo SpYL Y-UVm Ak NVpTRp)

]Y k RuY Ut\u Y k QY k df NVp, 1JpY RY RkRRu LiRefNpYodf NpXR p, 2EPjRm Y VVo FdLju Fd

CPdLi kRo TXo, 3AUkRe LLu A[YVu Ru]VkRu Wk Lm, 4 Tn NL Uf UlTiPONX jl Tu, 5

dLmT W] W\k d od V m, 6Bt ][Yk L ATsTt YZem S, 7

30

BL \[h Re LpXTL \LXd LP, 8A[Yk YZRu YrdL E[TX

CpXj Ru\d Lm, 9E[YW dLR JlW YiU

Y[YW YpXd Lm, 10AgNtTs

1, ]Y = Ru NnVdLV NV u Y U, Ut\u = TLYo; Q =R]dm TLYodm QV]o; d = o d; NVp = NVtTL,

2, JpY = RmU Vu\; AY = AV YiV Y U; ARuLi Re =AfNV u Li U]m UL[ tUL DTj; NpYod =TLUtNpYod,

3, EPjRm = RmPV; CPdLi - SXV, FdLm = U] Gf; Fd =NVXj RPe. kRo - AkRYo (Rt\Yo)

4, Be AUk JLu = AVp YkRW Tk JL; A[YVu -RuY Uu A[Y AV; Ru]VkRu = R] Ru] EVoYLdLf NdTYu,

5, = UpRL; NL - Yi; Cm = m. Tu = Ht]p, URX, YXYt. JhP Gm A, JYu Ru TLYWY UVt\YWu CLrRp BL, Y UVt\YWVm LlTXWL Ju dLsYWu Y Us[ AWNm AYoL[ J ThPL UV CLrkRLWQjRp Rp\ Sm GuT T\lThP, CqY LOuRu LVTd JjRRL Y\u\d AlT[l XlTjY URXm,

6, LmTo = ClT ; dLmTo = [u ; A\k = AqY[]d

LPk, Cm URp, TLYW YpXd LTYu Ru NpXjRdLGpX YW UhU NpXp Yim, U\L Um Um NpY]u RuEdm C Rd LsTYu BYu GuT T\lThP,

7, B = S; Btu = Ldm Sp; A[ Ak = RUds[ TuGpXV Ak,

8, B B - Ts Ym Y ; Ch = V; T B = NXYm Y;ALXdLP = TLRu

9, E[TX = Es[] TX,

10, E[YW = R]ds[ Tu A[; dLR = BWnk TodLR; YpX =Wp; Y[YW = NpYju GpX,


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CXdLQm

1, ]Y . QY - B\m YtUjRLLs; NVp - VeLs]t,

2, NpYo - ]VXQm TVo,

4. AVo - GoU\]VXQm TVo; JLu. AVu - (tLs GfNlTp YkR]) t\fNm,

5, TnNL - ]jRL; NXj - EfNt\Po; j - kGuTRu \],

6, LmTo - DtlT ; dLmTo - uu]Lj RdL B\mYtUjRL,

7, DL - VeLs ]t; YZemYZemYZemYZemYZem S - TVWfNjRPo,

8, BL. TL - ]j RLLs; ALXdALXdALXdALXdALXd LP - DLhP GoU\lTVWfNm; L - RX kR RtTVo,

9, Ru\Ru\Ru\Ru\Ru\dLm - NnV Gm YnTh ]VfNm; YrdL - RtTVo,

TtI. ]:]:]:]:]:

1, d\u TlLs VY?2, d\d YZem YTVoLs VY?3, YsYd YZem YTVoLs VY?4, AUWs EnlT G?5, Bs EnlT G?6, UXm UQl TV G?7, JUs BUTp - [dL,8, TWY[u GjRLV?9, SVPVu LiTm NpYjtd \lTm EYUVf hL,

10, TkRLVu LiTm NpYm GRt JlT]Rm?11, tdLsRdLPj G?12, JYu BWV YiV SpYL Y-ULs VY?13, CPdLi kRo TXo - Vo?14, T[l Tt YZem SVL YsYo EWlT] VY?15, TnNL EQojm EiUV?16, LVd LdL TLpYpm - [dL,17, FdLPVYu JdLjtd LhPlTm EYUVf hL,18, Ld LXURd Ht\ EYUVRp VeM]m?

II. T]:T]:T]:T]:T]:

1, APdLPUu \l] YsYo GeM]m jWd\o?2, JYu SYPdLm TQYim GuTR]d \s YV Gjd LhL,3, JlWY[] NpYm TVuT Ut] [dL,

32

4, YWm NXm JlT YZeU YsYo EWlT] VY?5, JlWYVm A[Yk NnL Gu YsYo EWdU VeM]m?6, dLmTo H]o A\k Fdu EodV m

- CRu LiQUkR A] [dL,7, U RXV [dd \[ Tjd LhL,8, TLpYpm LVd LdL CLpYpm YkRod Yim T -

CRuLi AUkR A] [dL,9, YtUV Gu\p Gu]? TPlTp Yks[ \hTdL k GjdLhj RL,10 Ld JdL mm TYj Ut\Ru

jRdL ojR CPj - CRuLi AUkR A] [dL,III. S]:S]:S]:S]:S]:

1, APdLPU Tt YsYo m LjL[j RjRL,2, JlWYRp Gu\ RXlu rYm LjL[ J LhW Yp

YWL,3, LXURp - YsYo EWlT]Yt\ CT YLp [eL YWL,4, Y VRp Gum ALWjp YsYo m LjL[j RjRL,

IV. P RoL:P RoL:P RoL:P RoL:P RoL:

1, Rr Uu CV Eo X Gu TWhPl TY?A) BVN B) XlTLWm C) d\s

2, d\s GuT.A) APVjR LV TVo B) TilTVo C) AuU j RL,

3, A\jlT-p Es[ ALWeLu GidLA) 133 B) 38 C)35

4, A\jlT uLiQUkR CVpLsA) AWVp AeLVp JVp B) L[Vp LtVp

C) TWVp. CpX\Vp. \Y\Vp. FVp,

5, d\u TUV EQojm p,A) TZU S B) YsYUX C) SpYo SuUUX,

V. TjL,TjL,TjL,TjL,TjL,

AAAAA \ s\ s\ s\ s\ s

EYUV ]t hPi Es[m B\R S]t hP Y

YtUV LdLdL mm TYj Ut\RujRdL ojR CPj,

URX F o \kRt\ EXLYmTWY[u ,

RYUV -Tn NL Uf UlTiPgNX jl TuVY V TVjRXu VY UgNl Tm


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33

VI. LhP CPeLp Ht\ NtL[ AUj GL,LhP CPeLp Ht\ NtL[ AUj GL,LhP CPeLp Ht\ NtL[ AUj GL,LhP CPeLp Ht\ NtL[ AUj GL,LhP CPeLp Ht\ NtL[ AUj GL,

1, JUs _______________ IkRPdL Xtu _______________ Pj,

2, VLY Wm _______________ LYdLpNLlTo _______________ Th,

3, EPjRm _______________ FdLju Fd _______________ TXo,

3, ]Y k _______________ Ut\u Y m _______________ df NVp,

4, TLp Ypm _______________ CLpYpmYkRod _______________ T,

5, F _______________ Rt\ EXLYm _______________ ,

6, Tn _______________ Uf UlTiPm _______________ jl Tu,

VII. CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL, CXdLQdl GL,

AREe T\p WU BsAYu ALXdLP TRp LT[ EX E[Y LmToAPeLU TnNL NX YZeSA[Yk Ru\d Lm dLmToLs ]Y

VIII. jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,jl Qof RL,

Bs R[t NYk T[pXmTWY[u Afm IkRPdLp dLmToThTVu LdLdL BL fNp

IX. TTR ElXdLQm RL,TTR ElXdLQm RL,TTR ElXdLQm RL,TTR ElXdLQm RL,TTR ElXdLQm RL,

LdL ClTo Zk kRoAPeVu YrYu YWo BtYuYZRu VkRu Ak NLlToTRp NpYo DL kH]o hP dLR

X. Uj\u Y[oTt:Uj\u Y[oTt:Uj\u Y[oTt:Uj\u Y[oTt:Uj\u Y[oTt:

NpXZm T[Zm CVk Vljm TPpLs Rp VL Es[].

Np

f Np

f Y LiL, jWm LlTZdLm NkRm SlTZdLm34

YjRR Lp U]lTZdLm GuTo, RdLV \lTjL[ J jlTZL,

GPV AmU]o Gu]WeLj u]RoZXZLo YVZLo LiQZLo LlpGLUXl YZLo GmU]o GuPVLZp Y[Vj RU LZpY[V Vd]W

Snf NdLoAPLf NdLo LolWf NdLoAZV NdLo LPmTY]f NdLo AeLVtLiRV NeLj Rrf NdL Wu\u NkRRm TZV Ntl TVuRok YCeLu TeV

YgV ]u\Yu\u FWjRu VUYuYgV ]uTR]p Yn SokRu - YgVuYgVu YgV VuWjm YgjRuYgVn YgVo L,

Pt TU]d PXo LU]dPl TY]t Pu - Pp

CZlTs TtLh CZV dmZlt ZTd Lk,

CpXjRdm Vo YV CYTt TX TPpLs LhLXm,AuTm AdL\Vm A]p HPjl TdLUX GiQt\Rrd LRL[f YdLXm,

Lmp UQdm Up L; Lp UQdm NkRr Gu\ EiUVkEYL VnRXm,


22/133

4, RPoXf Nns (A) YLkRU

Rr UuLi [em ImTeLlVeLs Ju YLkRUVm,

kRU GuTRt Ju\R U GuT Ts, uR pXR AZRrSP TtlTRm Rr UkRo Rm Sgp Yjl TtYRm CkpkRU Gu]p RPVRt,

CdLlVjR CVtj RZu]d A NnRYo jRdLRYo GumXYo TU]Yo, CYo NZ ShPf NokRYo, NUQ NUVgNokR \, CYo SjRm Gu\Xm Gs[o,

YLkRUd UQ p Gu\TVm Ei, C SULs CXmTLm RXLjXmTLm D\Ll Tuu CXmTLeL[d LiXeu\, jRmGum T]jRp AUkR Rp Rrd LlVm kRUV, Ckd EW

LiPYo EfUt XYoLs Sf]odVo BYo,YLu \kR T AYuRn NV kRUV Gu AY] AZjRo,

AdZkR mV T Y Gu\ YrjR LhP, AR]p AYu YLu GuAZdLlThPu, YLu YWXt\d m LlVUR u Akp YLkRU G]YZeLXt,

LkRYRjRVo CXmTLmYs UXs[ jVRWo YkRu LZYLu GuTu, AYu ULs

LkRYRjRd CWNUWjpRu UQm Lm GuTR jLo XmAkRu, G]Y. RjRu Gum YLuTp Ru UL[ Jlj CY[VrlTX YpYd UQgNn LdL G] Yi]u, RjRuAZjYWj RjR RuR QT GuTY[ CWNUWm YkRs, RjRu.

CY[ Vrl TX YpYu GY] AYd UQgNn LlTu GuWN\jRu, AR]p AY[ APVl TX Sh Uu]m ]o, VrUiPTjX RjR Vr YjRs, AkR CV CNp u]W ]eLmUnU\k u\], QT AWNoL[ VrlTd AZjRs, AWNoLs VmRjRd LWL Vr CNdL CVX UVe]o, CqY B SsLs LkR],

CRkR YLu RjRV Vrl Tp YpXd Lj Ru SiToL[ VrUiPTm APkRu, AWeX QT t\PV Vr TXm LQok YdLfYLu AYt\Xd]u, \ J VZj R Nn Am SWmX RXUo

CkRR EQojj Ru RZu SXu L k SWm Yed Lh]u, u]oVN hl T]u, Tkm Zm Tp Thm VNu hm JjkR],RjR GolThl TP Vu Wp Sej Rt\s, u YLd UXh]s,

RjR Vr UiPTjX VN hPm AqNu RuUm

XjRt Rt RnYl TYTtLXjRt TPYCl T ]sLkXlTt We]; Du\iPo

XjPl T\YUnm U\k rkRY, 1

RjR CN UWdLtTlTRp

LeLl Ym H\LV]e Lim BP

AeL Pm mURU Vk Ru\

CeLPt TY[f NqYn\kYs T ][

SWmT Q Su SPkRR Yu SkRo, 2

AWNoLs VYm RjRPm Rt\p

UXod LUXj ReLhP]m WpY RlTUXod LR TP

GZp YL Wo Rt\o;GUXoT TY[f NqYn

Cu]Wm [W UkRoSWm NLs TPp

EPkR]o Tu] ]hL, 3

YLu VrlTo L Vr UiPTm APRp

LQ Nu YnV[eL j iPoLSPd LY Std

L Vt W LnkY ] V UX

YhTP U\Yo ZAWf NeL UolT

ASLo u]], 4

35 36


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RjR YLPm VZjRWl TjRp

LjRYX Tt\LPjPl Qu Ur

jYn oj UpX SejRu R kRp

CdYi Vf NokRoLlpm Lt p

Gt\L UoTt uVr Cnjd LU Gu\s, 5

YLu V] BWnRp

RPeLQs T]pR]q Q Vu]

SeLQs GV d nj h]s

UPeLXu] Unm]uYL Yu LiRu

PkRO]j RpXVd[dL t Sd]u, 6

YLu Vu t\m ARp

Wk Y]m pokUnkSk u\V Tt

TWkR Lsj \TVTkRo UoTu TmTuVr

SWm R]oj R]ji SpXs Q TpXU

CkR GXs u\[

Sd Nu C Nu]u, 7 ou [t YiP;

u YkR TL;You [m Gp SXjRn

Yhi t\SPdL;Km EU iP

RL JiTu LVoNp LL YuTt

\lu \mU CYu\u, 8

TXYLVm BWnk CqVr Su\u\p

LpNo iLs AZVnLUj Vp YkRYoTt

LpX ZYo PlThdWe YkR ;L

pX kR R]lTdj U UokR \m

SpVr hP ALi SeL SXjR Yu\u, 9

CX UPkR u\m Tum LjRn

SX ul TuOiXs Uj mTp

JSXe L hPEiSn Sum e

ASXe L YsYnAk YkR Ru\u, 10

AkRVm t\m EiUkRP SWmu U

RXl Tm Kl kRP VY LQl

Orj WUe LhPjReLUr K Rt\s

NpYd Lu] UkRuYe SXu Ls

Yo SWm LiPu 11

YLu Vr hl TRp

TYm TmTt TjRoTp]l TY[ B

ULP Ulu Y[oUPL YWj kRu

AT\J Vu]Ar\r SWmu SpVr

LLr L[ LiLPXLm Y[dL t\u, 12

37 38


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YLu CNdLj RjR Go CN RPeLp

Tkm ZmTt Thm GZmkRof YLtL NokR]Yu \ikRL VrTi QRu RtTu

CkRs C[UpTp HkZYt LiQs 13

RjR Wp Sej RpRp

TiQu TP XYu TpY[dLUiQu UpWm YsSWmu UpSPYiu Ve Pm SSeGiu URo CNRt kR][, 14

- jRdLRYo,

AgNtTs

1, X = p; Xj Rp - (Rp X)Tp Si HtV p; Rp= V StPV LkRY RjR; RnYl TY = RnYjRt NnR Lp lTY; LX = CNdLX; GC = VZ Yj; Tp = NX; We] =

Y[kR]; T\Y = u]W]m Gum T\YLs; CY CNV J lTp\kRY, Ju\Vu CQV; Bm TiUn [eY],LXjRp TkRl TRp - TiQp. TYhPQ. BWnRp.RYWp. NX. [Vh. Lr. mTd Gu\Gi YLV] \UVkTRp, Vr YjRXp NXLs Y[kR]; iLs RW Du\]; ClTPpL jRUm,

2, LeL = LV Je. (LV Uo JePV Ym); P = Lj; L= Je; L= [dLm; G = Tp; mU = PdL; Q S = NWjRQVLdY CN p UW ( EPmT Yj Vr h]s) CqYiQmTY CNUW GuTo,

LiUV LiPk V L\NVTiQ[m YnRu\ TpRV Gi YLs[o SkRVt LRY] LkRYoEs[[l TPp EQo, - GuT CN UW,TYL : AodLSX BVjRm, 2 - 12 BVjReLs,

3. LR = LkRYRjR; WpY = BWYjRp; R]m= YiLu hPm;GZp YL = Vu T; Wo = (RpVPkRYW WoGu\) CLrfd l; Wo = Thd YkR AkRQo; GUXo = dLUXo;

Cu]Wm= Vu CV SWm; NqYn = LkRYRjR; E[W = RPY;EPkR]o = Rt\]o; TPp = PtlTPp; Tu Au]s = ULsTpYs (RjR),

4, LQ = p u hP Am (GnVlThP Am); Nu = YLm TX;YnV = mTjRdL; C = W; Lp = Lt; L VtW = LeLtlTXWkR SP]PV WLs; Lnk Y] = LpXo EXdL[jRZ p LdLnk YdLlThP V ; ASLo = AZV UiPTm;

] = oU,

5, LjR Yp = E\u GjR Yp; LPm - L; Yp H Tt\= YpHRXl Tt\; Q = TiUu; Ur = UVe; Ynoj = TfNk,

Cd = Rl; Llpm Ltp = J LVj Rm Ut\LVl TX QTVj R; R = QT; CV = XKP; LU = LlTn; Enjd LjRXY = Y TX VrL[mLj VZm AY]Y EnjRk \ SpX VZd LjRp,

6, RPeLiQs = ALu\LiL[PV LkRYRjR; G = E\; Unm= Y U; UPeLp = eLm; SeLiQs - QT; [dLt = AdLGi,

7, UnSk Du\ = ULm EPpYkl TkR UZj; Wk = \k; = (Ce) TUZ; R]ojR] = YiWu\ TX; i = SWmTjRj; TpXU = t\PU; SWmt \kR TpXUVY]. NmTL.Bol. Pm. Ao GuT], NmTL GuT = CuTp KN; Bol GuTA[\kNlT; Pm GuT UeNlT, Ao GuT RWdSoEfNlN; CqY CNVe UTRp UWdt\jRp GuTo, UWdt\UY].

Xt\p. ARp. SlX YRp. TX t\p. CRp R V], CYV TiLs UVeYRtd LWQm GuT,

8, L = QTVd dm; C[t = U kR; u YkR = p PkAV; LL = TULs. YN; Yh i Et\ = Y[p Yhl ThP;EU EiP = C]p RdLlThP, JiTu LV = JsVTu Tu\ULWkReL[ Edm L Tu\Y[,

9, LpX = pXXm; We = Y[k; pX = RY; Um =AtL; SeL SXjR - RjR TXY X R VYt\t \lPV,

10, XUPkR = Tt\Rn; (TWkR BLVm) Cm = N jRn; LjRn =N jRn; ul TuSi = u]p BV Tu]W Oi; p U= ULkRm UZ (UZVV mTp) L = AZ Tk; SnSu =dLYp. ALo. LeLt. RiQu\Zp; CY Su]m RdLlThjRu NqZjRp; YsYn Ak = Y]p YhPlTh,

11, RXlT = SSWm; K = Np ; = d; kRP = dL[XV UX; Srj=R[oj. EPj; Yo SWm = iPdLUkR SWm; AY = SeL; Vr Su\L CjR u R]df NUUL

SWmT Uhm LiPu; UkRu = YLu; SXu = YLu Rm; K = kRp(kRXPVYs)

12, TjRo = Vu Jo El; YsBo = JTkV; LLr L[ = jLoL[pLZlThP YLu; Tp] = TXYV YXlT Es[; LPXLm = LPXpZlThP EXLm; UPLm = Vr SWmT Cjd Lhe L; TYm = YjRpR X Ym,

39 40


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13, Th = YVp Tm Th; GZp = VZp EiPm CN; Tkm ZmTtThm GZm - Tkm ARu Zm TXl Thm VNm CQVJjjRp, Tk T\dPjR \V EVok AkXjuLiu Bnkum Am\V UuUp EVou\t TXl TP YiR u CqYEYdLlThP; kRL= (CYW pXR) UVL,

14, URo = LkRYRjR; TiQu TPXYu = Thm VNm YY\jRp; P SeRp = Wp SeRp; Giu = GiQm Cu

]Zk; UiRp = TiRp, (YjRp)13. 14 Bm TPpLs L jRUm,

CXdLQm

1, GC - Np NV[TP; Rp = AuUjRL; TY - EYUVTVo; CXTp - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPuRdL RL;Xj Rp - B\m YtUj RL;

2, LeL - TijRL; CeLPp - TijRL; LP - EfNt\Po;LV]eLi. TY[fNqYn - EYUjRLLs,

3, UXo - ]jRL; LR - EYUVTVo; GUXo- EYUjRL;NqYn - AuUjRL; (LkRYRjR) JlT - EYU; Cu]Wm -TijRL; E[W ,,,, EPkR]o - NVYu YnTh ]VfNm; SWm

- ]jRL; LsTPp - ]jRL,

4, LQ - ]jRL; iPo - TijRL; Y]. [eL -]jRLLs; YhTP - CTVWhl TijRL; AW -]jRL,

5, LjR Yp - TVWfNm; LU - U uXVN; CuVr -TijRL,

6, Au] - EYUE; d. Enj - ]VfNeLs; SeLi - TijRL;PkR O]m - TVWfNm; RPeLi - EfNp RPo,

7, Wk. ok. Sk - ]VfNeLs; G] - EYUE; TpXU -GoU\j RtTVo; u\s - ]VXQm TVo; GXs - l]t,

8, TL. SPdL. JL - VeLs ]tLs; AmU - uXVN; JiTu- TijRL; Km - AN,

9, LL Yu - SuLm YtUj RL \l Tp YkR; SpVr-TijRL; SXjR - l ]t;

10, LjRn - HZu RL,

11, Ye - Nn Gum YnTh ]VfNm; LUr K - AuUjRL(]jRLl \jl \kR),

12, L[ - EYU BTVo,

13, kRo - ]jRL; Yt LiQs - EYUj RL,

14, SPY - NnV Gum YnTh ]VfNm; SSe - CWhPd[;Pm - C\kR RCV GfNmU,

TtI. ]:

1, kRU - TVod LWQm RL,2, kRUd YZeLlTm Y TVo V?3, kRUp GjR] CXmTLeLs Es[]?4, jRdL RYo ]kR Y\ p V?5, RjRu V NVp LrkR] VY?6, RjR CNUWdLtT CN YZeVU VeM]m?7, Llpm L - [dL,8, Tkm Zm Tp - EYUV [dL,

II. T]:

1, YLkRU - CXdV YWX RL,2, YLu VuTp LiP t\eLs GY?3, YLu Su\u LiP V u \lLs VY? Ap LiP t\m V?

4, RjR YLtj Rpt\R [dL,5, CPghl Ts [dL,

1, SWmT Q Su SPkRR2, Cnjd LU,3, SeL SXjR C,4, ReLUr K Rt\s NpYd,

III. S]:

1, YLu LkRYRjRV Vrl Thp Yu\LrfVj RjYWL,

IV.

CXdLQdlTL,YtLi. LQ UPeLXu] kRPLU LjR Yp R]ojR] GCLjRn TmTu Ye SpVr

SWm E[W LiPu

V. jl Qof RL,

XjRp YX Yhi RnYl TYAr\r R]m iPo T i Q u YhTP TmTu [eL Gt\L

TkRo EU kRP41 42


26/133

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

SkRo JL Ye LiPuT]s kR RtTu CkRsEPkR]o Et\u h]s Nu]uu]u NokR] Sd]u

VII. uYm AL[l Ts [eU jRL,

1, UXod LUXj ReLh P] WpYRlT

2, ou [t YiP; u YkR TL3, Km EU iP RL Yi TuLV4, CkR[ UpT XkZ Yt LiQs,5, TiQu TPX Yu;

VIII. LhP CPeL[ Ht\NtL[p WlL,

1, YLkRUV CVtVYo _______________ 2, kRUV Gu AZdLlThPYo _______________ 3, YLkRUd EWLiPYo _______________ 4, YLkRUp Tu Ym T]m _______________

XI. Uj\u Y[oTt: AL,

1, UQm GuT Wju AlTPt\u AUkkR, WoLu HRRp.\YRp. LpXp R V Wf NVpL[p LYWlTh ULo AqWoL[UXhPRL CXdVeLs u\],

LpXtd LPg Y] UUmpX[ BVULs

- L jRL

2, GjL[ KN u\m Lm J jl TZRp Yim, Sm AUjRrUdLi AUkR NnsL[f Np l Toj KN SVm TZL,

p :

EVoY\ EVoSXm EPVYu VY]YuUVoY\ USX U]u VY]YuAVoY UUWoL [T VY]Yu

VW PW RR Zu U]]

- SmUrYo

Sp

VR SPU WU Xu]YuNkQe LpXR Y

- YsYo

L[nSe [ [de LTPWj \UdL[V dTYu L Vm TU],

- O]NmTkRo

cU Y[o EXp UPUp H TXN Q] S ;LL]L ]R ARWm!

UXoYn \kR YojR NpX[,- TWRNu,

43 44


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(B) \lWQm C\Yu jRo SLs SVLm AYoLu V YWXt] GjVmm

CV Rr p \lWQm,

\j Gum AWf Np Rr UWtLtTf \ Gu YZeLlThP,

\ GuTRt YrdL GuT Ts, WQm GuT YWX, G]Y\lWQm GuTRt SLs SVLju YrdL YWX G]Xm, CkpXRjd LiPm. q Yjd LiPm. wWjd LiPm Gu\u Tm

L[m 5027 jRlTdL[m Li CXeY: CY \V\lVtLiPm. Nm ThLiPm. NXVtLiPm G]m Tm, TU]o\kRm C[U LrLm UQm XRjd LiPjp EWdLlTu\],Y]Yo l\p Xm U\SLs TU]od A[lThPm ARuuUdLjp SPkRYm qYjd LiPjp TNlTu\], UdLjR hlTU]o U]m Nu\m u X jRtLL LrkR ToLm \mw\jd LiPjp YWVlThs[], \lWQjp SLs SVLju YrtULl T \ NnVlTPpX,

T AU UWdLVo GuTYoRm TU]u V Yr UmTjRo, A u]f \ Gu YZeLlT\,

\lWQjR CVtVYo EUlXYo, CYo GhPVWm LL jl XYuUQYo, Nn Alp Lo UWdLVo Gu\Ys[p RdLu YiLuYiQU EUl XYo \lWQjR GRj RPe]o, p tm u]URdL U\kRo, u Ap Lm Gu\Ys[ u ERVp \lWQm \Tt\, EUlXYo Ap Lm AYoL[ u TX CPeLp ] okTtY lPjRdL,

EUlXYo UUX Gu\GiT TdL[p BV XmTPjRjs[o, LXm T]Zm t\i,

PhP TPXm

TLYoLdl XlTPY SLs TU]o ATdLo Gu\ Rm QYWR[o UXdLp RekRoLs, J NUVm ATdLo Up RXNnjlTU]o p LiPoLs, AkR UXdLp \V Y[Ls CkR],AYts J Y[u YVLl TmTu RX ht, ATdLo TU]uE\dLjd CP YWYiQm RU UXPVd j AkRl Tk]APjRo, Tm Y\ Tku YV RXV hP AR]m jATdLo APjRo, ClT Y[L[pXYt\m APjm im J TkuYV Tm YYkR, UXPj tm ok T]Rp ATdLo RUEs[eLX Yj AkRl ZV APjRo, ]t\Tm ATdLo LXlTX\it, TU]u p LXk Pd PR Gu\LY ATdLoRU LX ALt\Um ANVUm CkRo, Sg RXdL UVdm T

SVLj U Li jRoLs, SgN AXUm Rm QYWl Toj Et\]]oLs, ATdLm LrkR EWjRo, TU]o Tm]l TojjRmHm e NnVkR Tm ]k iVRu]] ]]oLs, Tm

TU]u Lm Lm SdL Ljd PkRRm LjRdLQVXRY ATdLo RjRRp iVRm GjWjR, TU]oTmt As kjRoLs, u SgN UVekR Rm QYuTRjX RU Yp FV Gfp ARjRp Sg mT A]oLs,TU]u Gfp ARm RPYl Tt\m Up HV Sg ok ATdLo

\SXm [l Tt SVLj UVl Tk RRo,

PhP TPXm

SVLjU AYoLs ATdLo Up Tjj Rp SLWh PLu Lur SLjPj \k Rm CLXYo Lit LQ kRY de LXLX TdLo Nq UNl TkR YNkLrWg Noj Ys[p Nkp Y R]o, 1

Tm RXhRp

U\S X u\UXZ VRu LiQY[ V]L UeLo Y[t LeLi YqYnjR[l WlTt iQf Tl TPjR NghPrY d LV TkRs CkRX ht \u\, 2

ATdLo Y[V VPjRp

TV TWlTf NnV LmUm T WUNj u\ kR Y[Pj RWe LiPmYRq Y\ Yu] Y Sg[k TojRPYt jf tl T\ RPj u\o, 3

Y[Lp Ju Uhm APTPjRp

JY[ Vu V UPjR]m EWLm DeYUu U\lT V Xj Ys[Xoj

WUj Rp Su\u \]Pp dhPelTYWp Uk u\o TYW Y XW 4

Y[ k Tm RXhP ATdLo LX h APjRp

UN kR Lk ULm ANk PUpLS\l Tg Nqd LUXUu UXojRs hPYW \m TW p YV Yk Ru\P]\s[e LpLi P]\YPjR Wu\, 5

45 46


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Tm ATdLWj iRp

\lTPt LRn YLm TedLi NYk U\lTm Y[d [okR YpPp Sj hdlT LkR Sue ZY\oj Yni\lTP s[k Rt LqV WL Uu\, 6

ATdLo LX GdLdLl Tm im im iRp

lTm Y[t LX jXo Ljm Gu]dLlT LkRm Sum \lTPf f lTlTm EPX el TP U]jg kVolTm YL d Li PdLd LjR Ru\. 7

Sgu YLm H ATdLo UVeRm TU]o jRm

Tu]e LV YLm TWkPp A]jk RdfNut TWlTf Nt\kRu UVdLk Ru\jRuX R[W s[k R[m TVoj PUp

AkX kRo Nq VUm jR Wu\, 8UVdLt kR ATdLPm SLs ]Rp

UPj Wi Nq UWUXo jR Ru]VYu Ro LiLs jR TdLo RmUVp SdLf Nt\UVdLt kRod LiV LWQeL[m E[Yt L Uu\o, 9

ATdLo Tm iVRd Rp

Pei s [okR Z Vut \XV hPj

RPeLsL Lp XRt \] ojd LkRPeX YiQm eL RPjR]u [lTt TkRsPeLs Lu\t Yt LjR Ru\, 10

SLs TmPm ]Yp

AU\l T[n u\u AUjR Tu]LU VeLsYW] dL t Ykk R]Up XUpTPu E]dV t\m Tu\iPRW]m u]o u] VtV RY iP? 11

HR \g NnR uY Lrk RiQUp Rp XYWl TX SmP VRu Yk\d LV YLk RXd L[f ]k YR]l TPYn YjR Ru]] Wt LhPo, 12

Tm UU Rp

SV LXt\ TVu ]jRYod Ljm Trp RlTY WYWm WjRRp Su\m A]p RkRR VulT ]oRY X]] WjR TkRs, 13

SLs Tmd Ls V ATdLo Sg eLl TRp

AWY Lu\u GX TdLoNm UXojRsRe L Yt LP ULXUW Rrj ] W ]p YelWV \jRP ]oNm LrLm UY, 14

C[ LtV LWYu LW] RtT Ttm AoRo EPXXm TWkRLV YqPm A]jRm AY\d LkNm LkLi PVUn UN\j PjR, 15 *

Tu] LdL PlTm TYWp oku NeLo YX TdLm \XoUu]o Uu]Yo LmU SPu YWu

Cu NlL Zm V]jR kRo, 16

- EUlXYo,AgNtTs

1, Lu = L; SLm = UX.Dij R[o UXdLis[ J LVd jR;Wm = RX,

2, Z = L; Y[ = t; Tm Res[ CPm, WlTp = [VPV Tp;iS = iTp [kR Sd; Ngh = Tmu TPm; TkRs = Tm,

3, PY - ( UoTl TojkR) ; Y = Ag; E[k = U]m Yk;T\ = U]m LXe (T\p = UVeRp); T = sLs,

4, EWLm. T = Tm; TYWp = uTm; jW = dLm; L = UQm,

5, Lk = TW; S\= Ru; Tm = Wmm; TWp = Lp; CP]\= CPm CpXRY,

47 48


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6, LkRm = TtLs; YLm = ]m; Es[kRs = Es[eLp; Yni[ =YVl[k; LqV = TtV;

7, AolT = ]jR; dLi = LdLi; Tm GuTNn[N L lTm G] Yks[,

8, Tu]m = NpXVXR; YLm = Sgu YLm; Nu = RX,

9, UWUXo = RUWUXo; VYu = C\Yu; Lm = Npm;

10, LLm = BP; Lp = Lt; Lu = Erk,

11, Tu]Lm = Tm; YW = UX; RW = p,

12, P = Y[.Tk; RpXRYu = CpXRYu,

13, RRp = LpRp ; W = UTh. TLULi

14, WV\= t\U\; UW = RUW (Di Lm); CRr = ER; CRrj = Gfp,

15, AY\= AY[m CpXUp; Lk = d; YqPm = LV Sg;

16, Vu = C\Yu,CXdLQm

1, Nkp - TijRL; CLXYo - l ]VXQm TVo ; LrWm= ]jRL,

2, X u\= p + Bu + A LrLXl TVWfNm; UXZ - HZmYtUj RL; Y[. LeLi. YqYn. T = TijRLLs

3, Y. E[k. j. t. APj -]VfNeLs, TojR PY -TVWfNm; T\ - NnV Gum YnTh ]VfNm; CX - CpXGuTRu CPd\LWm;

4, APjR]m - E[lThj RuUl TuU ]t; AXo - GoU\]VXQm TVo; A+p+ B+ Bo - A-T. p- Bt\p EQojm

CPX. B-GoU\CPX (Qok LhP) Bo = TXoTp ]t,

5 ,ULm - EYUjRL; LS\- EfNt\Po; UXojRs = EYUjRL; Au\- ANX; UuUXo - TijRL,

6, YpPp - TijRL,

7, f - AdjRPo. TPm - ]jRL;

8, TWk. Rd - ]VfNeLs; R[W. TWkPUp - GoU\]VfNeLs,

9, UWUXo - Rt\; Gu] - EYU; U - LjdB YkR EYUBTVo,

10, [lTp - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL,

11, AU\- Tij RL; u\u - ]VXQm TVo; E]dV -E]d + V - tV LWm, ( = d + C)

12, SmP - Tij RL;

13, ]jRYo. RlTYo - ]VXQm TVoLs,

14, NmUXo - Tij RL; NmLr - TijRL; UXojRs - EYUj

RL; UW - RUW. Rt\15, YqPm - Tij RL,

16, NeLo - TijRL; u NeLo - ]jRL

Tt

I. ]:1, \lWQm Gu\RPu Ts V?2, \lWQm GjR] LiPeL[PV? AY VY?3, \lWQm RPeLm tl T\m Q u\Ys[t TUdLs VYo?4, EUlXYo - BVo l YWL,

II. T]:1, AiQp TUu UXdLp p LiP VeM]m?2, Tmu NVm ATdLo NnLm VY?3, APTPkR Y[u YV ATdLo GqY APjRo?4, Tm ATdLWj iV Hu?5, QokR SLs ]m RZoPm VY?6, SLs TUu TmPm ]Vm Tmu UUm VY?7, ATdLdl TUu Sg ojRV VeM]m?

III. S]:

1, ATdLPV Auu Bt\Xm SLs TUu AYW SgojRVRm [d YWL,

IV. uYm AL[l Ts [eU j RL,1, SLWh PLu Lu r SLjPj \k2, YRq Y\ Yu] YSg [k3, PYW\m T p YV Yk Ru\4, Pe is[okR Z Vut \XV hP5, HR \g NnR uY Lrk RiQUp6, SV LXt\ TX]kRYod Lj,

V. LhP CPeL[ Ht\NtL[p WlL,

1, EUlXYu BVo _______________ BYo,2, NXVtLiPm G]lTY _______________ Bm,

49 50


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31/133

(C) U]uUVm SPLjRr pLs RXVV \l]PVRL [eY U]uUVm,

SPLd LlVeL[p \ll Tt [em YPUd DPL Slf Nqm CXdVf Nqm JeL AUVl Tt\, CkSPLm hPu W GuToBeXjp GV CWLV Y Gu\Xj R AUkR, Gm C YpGu] Rp p G]Y Ls[lTm oUPV, TeLlV pLdV

CVtL YiQ]. LtT]Vp. RjYf N. EXVp EiU R VLjLs AUV GRl Ttlm Nns SPp dPm

SPLjRuUdLt\EWVPt \lLPm Ckp RuLWt [e\,

AeLeL[m LhL[m AUj GY SPL Sup UW, CkSPLmIk AeLeL[m CT LhL[m Li [e\, CPV YLNRm Gum Qd LR Jum CPm Tts[,

CkSPLjRj RZu]d CVtVjRYo. TWVo T, kRWms[BYo, CYo LW[ UXjRf NokR BXlZ Gum Ft \kRo, RkR -TUs s[. Rn- UPj AmUVo, CYo Y]kRWm AWNo LppRjYl TWVWLl TkRo, LPL Spo kRW YLs GuTYWj RUO]VWLd Li J YkRo, CYo LXm 1897 (19 Bm t\i)

CYVtV \pLs : p RL [dLm. O]NmTkRo LX BWnf,.Reol TiP Uu]o LX BWnf GuT], AkS[V Nu] ULQ AW CYd WqTLo ThPm YZef \ljR, RrS AW U]uUVmkRW]o TpLXdLZLm Gum TVp TpLXdLZLm Ju\lTUlTjs[, CYW WeLPjR Gu\Rr YrjlTPX RZLAWu RrjRn YrjRL HtLlThs[,

TPlT

UWV BiP TiV Uu]u YLu, TeTp Ls[Ut\E[j]u,Bm YgNL AUfNu Xu rfLd BhT\u, AYPVTZmTVV UWVhj SpY X LhPVUjj Re\u, V

LhP Y UVt\RL ClTR]m TLYo Yk RdYWu Wp rkm GuTR]m EQokR kRW Yo RUd Ko A\V Yil Tt ARuYV WeLlTR Ju AUd\o, YLu JW ULs U]uU. NW ShPWNuPjRU]d L]p Li LRp YVlT\s, AYPV S ]d LiPkRWYo U]uUd Wp UQm LrjRp Yim GumNWUu]] AYd Ht\Yu Gum AYdj TdL Gum YL]lTd\o, XPV RXh]p AYuULu TXRY] NWPm Np\u, TXRYPV \Vt\TfNp ]m LiP NWu TiV Shu TPVj Y\u, TWo Ls[ YLu Ru TPWoLd EWdmWWV SU TPlT,

YLu WWAeLm : 4L[m : 1LXm : LX - TPTpL[m, UkRo - YLY - WoLs

YLu: AkRQo Y[odg NkRZp Rum ShP U]s hV ]jAu\ Y]od LuU EYl!

YkRd LVYog kRt LjVYkRZt LYW CkR]m BL!

WoLs: BL ! BL !!

YLu: Cuo km CWjRUo m uLm TXm LrjU CkRlTiVo EU TWhm Ti]oiPuu kRo AYoRm NdRkRWm AYodo; YNUt \u

]u Su\nd L] R]G]W N\U GjN Vodm!

CjRl Tpo Hte LVmjRe Ljf NVU UdjRh PjR jW VGjR] RX\d XdLn tm!

WoLs : _ ! _!!

YLu : Todd LVU Lu LVmVodL Yndm B!B! SduA]kRk RX\YkR UdLs]k]k RU Tdg RkRWm

RkRRm u]o SkR iQifkRVu f kYo LioGu\ Xli CWkLh PdLAu\ A\o AnV AmiQ Lu LiQ GYWiTP Xt LPm TPkRo,LPm Tuq LPm TUnLQeLQk Rud LQeLQm U\mQmTX CYWXm \kR WuTY!

- TWVo T, kRWms[,53 54


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AgNtTs

NkRZp = Ysp h\Sl; Y]o = RYoLs ShPU]m = ShlTt; CkR]m =\; ELm =Lm; (F) kRo = TLYoL[; YNm =fdLt; CeL EoZjlT, NVU = (NVXh) YtjULs;

CXdLn = Vn; APV[Un. ToddLVm -Tp DThPRuAPV[UV i; Lu LVm - LPm; A]kRm = Yt\; CWk LhPdL= md LVku T\jRdL; A\o =EWlo; LuLi = LuAPV[m; CLPm =(Sn. YU R VYt\t dLlThj uTjtL[U\m) CLZjRdL EPm,

CXdLQm

NkRZp. YkRZp - TijRLLs; BL - VeLs ]t; BLBL - Adj RPo; iPuu - uXl TuU HYp ]t; Tod- HZm YtU Em TVm EPuRdL RL; LQeLQm - AdjRPo;GuTY - KLWm ],

Tt,

I. ]:

1, Y]od Gum EYlTL ClT V?

2, WN\m T \YiV] VY?3, Lu LVm - G?4, CWkLhPdL V?

II. T]:

1, TWVo kRWms[ - lTL,2, U]uUVm - tl YWL,3, _, _ Gu TPOo Bodm TVL YLu EWjR] VY?4, LPm YndLlTt\u TUV BVo GeM]m s[o?5, \kRo G]lTPRo Vo?

III. S ]:

1, TPWW Sd YLu EWjR WW]j RjRL,IV. CXdLQdl YWL,

YkRZp LPm BL BL GuTYiPuu Tod ]k]m ]u

V. jlQof RL,

YkRZp Tod iQi ShPU]mLPm VodL ]j CYWXmAYodo WN\U,

VI. ElXdLQm YWL,

iPuu APkRo BL RuYndm kRo LjV,

VII. PRoL:

1, U]uUVjR CVtVYo,A) kRWms[ B) kRWYo C) kRWo

2 ,U]uUVm uLiYm QdLR,A) YLu NTRmB) YLNRm C) YLu NpYu

3, kRWms[Vl Tt LULjRZL AW V,A) TpLXdLZLm B) AWNYdLOoT C) A\dLhP[,

4, U]uUVm SPL u BdLjtj Q u\BeX p,A) CWLV Y B) KjRpX C) UhNlTVQm,

5, YLu YRnd LhP V CPm,A) dLhP B) UW C) SpY

VIII. Uj\u Y[oTt,

YLu EWjR WW TX ShlTt] Y[odm W UL[ pLpRl TL,

TWR S TZmTm S WRu RpYo Ck ]YLt \oTWR S TodLXm XLm

WRu RpYo Ck ]YLt \o!Rnj ShPj RLoj XfNWUnjP mTu YrUo YrLp

- TWVo

tm YWlTjR YVm BRdVSp YndLm YLlT jStNW E TVu [dm

\Zlj RsL[Xm GYu RsLs?Lt[k UX[k LLs YhdLVXm NnRkR LRu VoL?TtL[d LPpjR Ud XjRlTVdL APdV f NYu f?

-TWRNu

55 56


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NkRm AL, SkRnRUo SeLRXo,,,, SgNn\o SkRW SkRVUp YkRSSkRrVo RkRYikR S u\YoRkRY kRZAlTm APpLlTm LjlTm PXlTm ClTlTm YNPl TolTm YRlT

SPlTm SG] YelTWNWl TVu,

-kRWm s[,

BV p SVm TWVm Nm V YNLm - YkRURWm!YkR TmSkR Um

SkRNjR!YkR NpY

YkRURWm!! - TWVo,

(D) pThTh]lTp BfNVm Tu N CpXVP! Gu VkRYo LOo

lWUV TWVo BYo, jd UYhPj GhPVWjp u]NIVdm CXd AmUVdm UL]Ll \kRYo, AUlThd PkR

CkVp LiPkR RX YhLdj Rm LRL[p EWmFhVYo, RVL Gum ULL Gum Tt\lThPYo, CkV. _VGu\CRrL[ Yhd LhWL[m Ljl TPeL[m BeXVBhV[oL[j Q\f NnRYo, RNjWu CRZVWLf X Ss

[eVYo,TWVo LRLs. TgN NTRm. LiQu Th. pTh R V

LRLs Uhu O]WRm. NkLu LR. RW R V EWSP pL[m GVYo, CYPV YN] LRLs YphhUu Lp lWuR V LOoLu LRL[ JlPj RdLY,

RXdV YWXtp J V T TWV RPe\ G]Xm,u]l TZm T[nl u]l U YnkRRV Rr UVj\udLRn Bdm AOo TUdLs TWd Ko R CPm Ei,

TWVu TgN NTRm. LiQu Th. p Th Gum lTmTPpLs Ju\] pThu J T SU TPlTVL CPmT\,

L]l T\Y LXLX UNmLt UWeLPd Lh NmBt WN A V m

Xl TeLPXk SWU RNdmKXj PV dm CNmUPl TiLs Y[U LR ]pFLl TYp FkRu YmHt\ol Th Nm Sp dmLt\Vo dY]d Lgm CNm

iQ lToRm YkR TiLmTiQ UPYo TZTX ThmYhPhl TiLs Y[dLWeLs RU dLdLh NjUo hPRl ThmYu ZX Q RXURoYm Lm Ydm TpL

Shm Lhm S[pXm Su\ dmThm SgNl TLjRu TVu,,,,,,

-TWVo,57 58


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EXLm CNVp Wmd\, CNVuT AWeLp CNdLlTmNqVp CNUhUu, Hhp GRlTPUm LL[p CNdLlTPUmLt m LXklTm CNRu, YnU CXdVUn UdLs CXdVUnlTWd Pdm CNjRr RhP CPUpXm RhlTY Ei, AkR CNuEYLUL Sm LsY p, pTh Gu\TWu TPlp CNuTU TNlT\, TWu CNUVdX Lhi PkR T SUTPl TVLj RWlThs[,

AgNtTs

Y = LPp; Lt\Vo = TiLs (EXdLVj RVkR LpLiP TiLs) dY] =(Sp dm TiLs Nnm) J dl;TiQ = YVpY; YuZp = pXeZp; TiLs = CNlThLs,

CXdLQm

L]lT\Y - HZm Em TVm EPu RdL RL; Y[dLWeLs - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL; LXLX]. dY] - CWhPd[; WN - B\u RL ; TeLPp - Tij RL; TVu- RuU JU ]t; TZ Th - ]j RL; Ydm L -NnUu YnThl TVWfNm,

Tt

I. ]:

1, TWVu lTm pL[Lf hPl TY] VY?2, TWVo SPjV CRrLs VY?3, TWVu YN] LRLs VoVPV LRL[ JlPlTu\]?

II. S ]:

1. Shm Lhm S[pXm Su\ dm ThL[Ll TWVoGYt\d l\o?

III. CXdLQdl YWL,

TeLPp. LXLX] TiQUPYo.Y[dLWeLs. TVu. Ydm TpL,

IV. ElXdLQm RL,

LjRu Cdm Fm YdmJ dm

V. jl Qof RL,

L]lT\Y. hPRm. AV UPlTiLsTeLPp. WN Y[dLWeLs. TpL.

Su\ dm,

VI. Uj\u Y[oTt:

Ht\olThP Ak LsL.

e X UX em TW

em TWYe LW]

DfNUQ XP C\m NmTP

RZ UQ XPRl\m NmTPNmTPd Lhp

NUj LdLDlkRp C\Lm

CiPm RodLLl kRp C\Lm

Leu C[eLLW AXm Y]m

LhP] em Y]mjR AXm Y]m

S em Y]mKXm TV

JTV Xi(TjfNp Rio C\dLlTh hP)

59 60


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RsSP hj RYrk [Vms[U eLR TtVu - JsZVo 5

LpXl TiQd WVdk lVjRuLpXlTi Qd UXodL ]u - NpLd 6

TW LPkR TVXu - iQYodLBW LPkR YeLVu - SPu 7

YuL ]LeLPkR YhPjRu YhYtUuL ]LeLPkR h]u - Gu LRp 8Ys[j Rrk]u YXd UuRkRuEs[js [Xd LlTXu - Rsu 9

YhP YY Xuk Rt\RuhP ke PVRu - RhPRu 10

GiX UV ]mT ]XlTuLiQ]m TVWt LilTu 11

- TXThPPf NdLSRs[

AgNtTs1. Li -1 A = eLm; AWu = Yu; SWu YUV]l j. SW]um

AYRWm NnRu LsRm Bm, CdLi SWeL AYRWjRf hV,eLYm URYU] Ko AYRWm; t \kR,

2, AQu = CWVu; LVm = EPm. EQlT[ Nodm TXYLl T;N] =NVm. N] (\kR ZkRd RuR p S m Cl); Ak= Ei; EjW]n = XTt\YY EPVY]; EjWu Gu\LP[,

3, Tim Rp = LjRp Rp. XdLl - UiQd ZjhP Th; XjRd LjRp, XjRd LjRp ZkRLd UiThRp UW; TVpXmEiP = FdLXj EXLjRj Ru Ys Th ALj APdVNVp; T = EXLm ; TVp = TVp A[dLlTm AVp BV WNRm;

R] = LiQdl Tp LlT Tp Sg Ljd LiQ]d LpXdLmN]p AlTlThPYs,

4, YR] = uTjR. WURY]; TRYjR -UR UWeL[; TRYjR =BWdLpL[PV NdLWm hV YiV. NLPm,

5, JsZVo =JsV BTWQjR AkR ULo,

1-5 CqYLt ZkR \jRm N]VkRm XdLlTRm Tp YiARm RYrRm SPRm BV s[l TY LrfLs CWh\URXLf NpXlThs[],

5 tXdVeLs

(A) AZLo s[ AWNu JYu Ut\o AWNdj YW AlY TZeLXm Rp

CkYm YZdLUm, AVUu RWL J[Y Nu\Rl \S \,URoL[ UhUu Es[. EWt\\TsL[m RlYRLd LtT]Nn Tm YZdLm Au CkR, CY tLXjp J tXdVYLVL EYt,

Rit\ YLf tXdVeLs Ju, RXYu JY]d LiLRp LiP RX Jj Ru LRXm Yt\UVm YlTjR mjRXYuTp AlYRLl TY CXdVUm,

T\e L Yi T ]XEVoQl T[m AQl T[mNku jRp k R]lThVt XYo Sh]o RkR

Gu CXdLQ [dL tT. u CXdLQm \, YiP[ WVL YiTYp CXdVm TPl T\Yim, Au]m. Up. . p. Yi.SgNm. p. Ru\p. Uu. Rr R VYts VRm Ju\j RL AlYo,

U gNX UXp Lp Lidm AZLPj TXThPPfNdLSR s[ Gu\XYo Vj YRL AUjl TlT AZLos[ Bm,

C H\d\V 250 BiLd kV Xm, Ll YiT Ju\m239 LiL[m EPV, Thu CWiPL[d Li GuTo,

NdLSR s[ UW]o TXThPPdLQd Gum JYLl TVf NnYkR]o, CYo RkRVo TVo NdL eLm s[, UW mUdLY. Ru\p GuT] CYo CVtV Y X pLs Bm,

AZLo \l

AY Unlu ]WuY Ul

TVR t \k - LV 1YWj RPk R[Qu YuLVe hAWj g N] Vk - EjW]nl 2

Tik RXl TLjXd LlUk im TVpX iP - YiQPu 3

R] RkRTp TRU XTjYR]m Tt Yu - TRYjRj 4

61 62


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6, TiQ - T]UWm (LpXs[ T]Vd WVdRtd LWQU];)ULo UPXRp; qV WTkRjp Es[ TV UPp R VYt\p AVlTm,VYZLd Li ULo UPXYo GuT Lj, Ti = AL L; Ld =UNVrYo UQdLW] LLiQo Th,

7, TWm = T. U; APkR TVXu = Tml TdLVj Rp ddLLiQodl u] Nu\Yu; Bo A LPkR = AV ARjRd LPkR;RYodj lTtLP p A LPkR WQf Nn; SV =RWhV,

8, YuL]Lm LPkR = Y V RiPLWVjRd LPk Nu\; YhYt =NW]um YPd; UuLp SLeLs RkR = Up V Lp SLeL[j RkR(LiQWPV LX U]L ]j NWjR Gn u LiQWPVTRUu Ak YkV AYd hPm AjRo GuT YWX); UPdL,

9, RXp Wi AUks[; (Ark]u. RkRu) YX = LPp (TtLPp);Es[js[u = L AiU lTYu; EXd AlTXu = LfNnU lTYu (NVu. AVu Gu kRs u\UVu - UeLVrYoTWm)

10, UVu =LV \PVYu. UVV EPVYu; LiQu = GpXo LimEs[Yu (GpXodm Li Tu\Yu)

CXdLQm

YuLVm - TijRL; AWjm N] - GoLXl TVWfNm; RkRTp.LPkR TVXu - C\kRLXl TVWfNeLs; UXodLp - EYUjRL;

YuL]Lm - TijRL,Tt

I. ]:

1, RL AlTjRdL TsLs VY?2, TXThPPf NdLSRl s[ CVtV \pLs VY?

II. T]:

1, CXdVju CXdLQm GL,2, CWh\U Rp Gum Ej s[ p Tu Ym Te]

Y,3, YuL]Le LPkR YhPjRu YhYt UuL]Le LPkR h]u -

CqYuLi AUkR A]f hL,III. S]:

1, AZLoRm \lL[L AZLo s[ Y] VY?

IV. CXdLQdl GL,

t \k eLR BWYuLVm UXodLp TVXu AY

V. jl Qof RL,

YWj RPm. N]Vk. XdLl Uu L]Lm.Es[js[u. EiP

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL.

RYrk. eLR. LilTu. Rt\Ru,

63 64


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(B) L eLjl TWTW GuT Rp YZem Rit\ YLf tXdVeLs Ju,

To ]p BWm V]L[d Lu Yt LiP WWl TYRl TWG]\]o,

B] BWm AUP Yu\U] Yd YlT TW

Gu CXdLQ [dLl ThVpp TWu CXdLQm m,

TW Gu\Ssu LVm VU]m Ru RnYULl Tt\ Gum Ak Ss]p YkR TVW dm TVWL YkR Gum RrjRjR E,Y,NSRIVo Yo, Rt\Yo TVp TW p YZeLlTm,

Rp Ru R p GkR TW L eLjl TW, 509 R NL[dLiP. Ckp, JhPd jRo L eLjlTWVj RuRr RnYlTW Gu\ljs[o,

L eLjl TWVl TVYo NVeLiPo, CYo Rt XjeLNZPV AYdL[l XYWLj LrkRYo, CYW LXm 11Bm t\iu

CVLY 12-m t\iu tTVLY CjRp Yim, tLXl XYW]TXThPPf NdLSRo CYWl TWdLo NVeLiPu G]l Lrk Ts[o,

Sm TPlT Ldd V Gu\Tp CPm Tt\Rm, Ik L jRNLs CPm Tts[],

L eL Sh k YkR Tn LRdd V Tu YmUV]RuULs TXm ClTp \lTu\],

Cu\V JN UXm Ti L eLm Gu YZeLlThP, AkShu ToRdL Rt XjeL NZu Ru TPjR[T LQLWj RiPUuGuTW Al]u, AYoRm Yt jl TYR L eLjl TW Bm,

YWdL eLo RUfNW UN VtYu TjRUod \m YeAWdL eLm EliP L eL WpXmAUQW]l ZjRm ASL WeL! 1 *

YPjRp \V kp BLYgX Si Ujh Vt LeLBPlTk RLlThPm LWkRm Gu\AR]h oZjRo ASL WeL! 2 *

N]U L[eLiPm Lj u\mReLWm Gu X L eLo ReLsB]U ]jR[m jd mhPlTQo G]l ZjRo ASL WeL! 3 *

CYoLsUp CVYo ZjR pXGL eLj RVoLs G YjRYoLsUp EPXu PpLs GemRPokj RjRou APV YeL! 4

LPtL eLm GkNVj RmTm ShLPdLm YVUk R]e LiPolTPYs ATV] A ]m]u YiPVo Lu RiP U]! 5

- NVeLiPo,

AgNtTs

1. YW =UX ; NW = tm; UN = TlT; Gt = EiPd; Yu =Y VRoLs; \= Ggs[ A]j UWm; AW - Cl; L eLm - BP;L eLo = L eL WoLs (L eLm Cu\V JN U XUm); EliP =L[VlThP; AUQo = NUQo.

2, kp - l X] p; X = p; Si = (p ]p LhPlTm)L; Ch = Rj. LWkRm = U\kRm; AR] = TLV; ASLo = TXo

3, U - C\kR; L[m = TodL[m = L eLo = L eL WoLs; mh A =ALp rk YQe; TQo = BlT Ym CN YQoLs,

4, CYoLs Up = CYoL[j RW; G L eLm = H L[d LiP L eL S; Au = ApXUp; APV = Um,

5, Gk = Aj; NVjRmTm = Ytji; Sh = j; LPL = URV];YVU = W; ATVu = RtXjeL NZu, A]m = A[m,YiPVo Lu = LQLWj RiPUu; L eLlTu YtddLWQU] R[T,

CXdLQm

UN Gt - CWiPm YtU ; Yu = TijRL; YgX -TijRL; Tk - ]VfNm; L[m LiPm - CWiPm YtUj RL;mh. Gk. Sh. Li - ]VfNeLs, LPtL eLm - CWiPmYtU Em TVm EPu RdLRL; A]m - E UVdLm; RU-

CPd\; TjRUo = TVWfNm,

TtI. ]:

1, ThVp p m TWdV CXdLQm V?2, TW j E,Y,N Y] VY?3, NVeLiPo jd l YWL,

65 66


38/133

II. T]:

1, AUQo Gu l ZjRu NVp V?2, TQo Gu l ZjRu NVp V?3, L eL Shp Rll ZjR] VY?

III. S]:

1, L eL WoLs GqY\pXm Rll ZjR]o GuT jm RiPUuYt jm Y,

IV. CXdLQdl GL,

YWdL eLm RU UNVt TjR UoGL eLm YgX Tk GkL[eLiPm

V. jl Qof RL,

kp BPlTk ZjRpX LPtL eLmYgX

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

ALlThPm LWkRm Lj ZjRoTk AjRo,

(C) jdUWY s[j RrLP[WV AWNWV \WV ZkRVLl Tj AYoRm ZkRl

TYjRl Tjl TYeL[Ll Tjd Li TYjdl Tj BVjReLs AUVl TY s[jRr CXdVUm, s[jRr 96 YLftXdVeLs Ju, A BiTp s[jRr. TiTp s[jRr G]

CYLlTm, Ll. NeW. Rp. NlT. jRm. YL. Am . tp. T\.Ro BV Tjl TYeL[ AUjl TY BiTp s[j Rr Gum

Cp Es[ u TYeLdl TXL AmU]. WPp. FNp BVTYeLs AUjlTY TiTt s[jRr Gum Yo,

jdUWY s[jRZl TVYo UWTWo BYo, RWTW SdLWs[ YiPjp NiLLUd LWVdm YLUkRdm UL]Ll \kRo, \kR Rp IkRi YWp Tfu CkRo,u]oj fNko Ll TUu Y[p Tk\mTt\o, AYoLkRoL YiT. ]hVmU s[jRr. UWd LXmTLm. S [dLm.Ld LXmTLm RX] TX CXdVeL[l TPjs[o,

SUdl TPUL YklT NeWl TYjp Es[ TPXm, NeWlTYm s[jR p CWiPm TYUm, Ts RVR J Vd ZkRGlm TYjRd lT C, C[eZkR eL eL Gu \dLhjRnELdm TYm C. CqY UZXVd Lhm C[m TYjR EPV, (o -Np) Rhp s[ RXVVojd LVp Fu EPmT ANjRXfNeWVRp GuTo,

Wp Y i LkR V Up Rr XWUmlT kR RXu UuWp LmUULW UgN] i kd LiUXo YYU

LrL l] X TkPp LY iQUEY Uf Rh Rk ]iTR SYU

JR k Vk Lm Je Tj okRs T L UNV YNk RL NeW

B YjV SR dLu BL NeW,- UWTWo

AgNtTs

XWU = Y\i PUp. LVUp; LmRp = Wp Rnk UeRp; Wp =TWp; LmUU = Lmd Ls[Up; YYU = YdLUp; AgN]m=LiU;LrRp =ARp; Ll]p= UVd LWj Ym LXeLt Lio; Rs = Lp;NeW = ZkR TNj RPeu Nn\J dlLs; YjVSR =sdYo (YjWuLp)

CXdLQdl

Up Rr. UuWp - TijRL; i - TijRL; LiUXo -EYLm; ]X. AsU - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPuRdLRLLs; T Lm - ]jRL; BL - VeLs ]t,

67 68


39/133

(D) TjRXLm \YgtXdVeL[j Rit\ YL]YL EWlTo, LY. EX. AkR.

Ts. \Yg. . s[jRr R V] AYts[Pem, CftXdV YLRpLlV]o Y]l Gu EWdm p YLs YdLlTm,

EXl TkR Uu]]V RnYjRV Li RX UVpLsYm.AR]p U]m S Ym. X \j YLm. RX AY[ AZjd LhLtTYm. \j R] NWlTL[VpXm jm R] UXY[m ShY[mTtl ]km RXu LVl Lrkm Ld. Ld. Tp Np

R VYt\u U]dLjRd LiQok EWjRm. RX UrkYNVjRm. \Y]V eLu YLm \Yu \j BV CYoEWVPm. LP[ Yrj P TRm BV LhLs SPL YXYYUdLlThlT \Yg SPLm Bm,

C TjRXLm \Yg, EXYm Uu]o CVYLm RYUVVRX Vu UL[Lm. \Yg YNULm Rp odL RN]ULm.eLu YLm. Yu ETRVLm. AYoLs dm T\YL[L UdLmARtl TVuTjRlTm YXVL C\Yd Gu\StNnm EYdLlThs[],

Ckp tYLULj LrY Rf\lTm,

CRu BVo RgN YRSVL NjVo BYo, SpY p RYNLVmO]l AmUVo BVod UL]Ll\kRo, RgNp AlT URTRLWL[eV Yohv TVo CYWjRU UQdLp JYWL Ht\o, CYo

C\Vp. YVp. EP Vp. NLVp Gu\TpY Aj\LpLtj\TV AOWLj LrkRo, RgNV BiP NWT Uu]dEt\SiTWL [e]o, RU dL C[mTYjXV 25 Bm Bip t\Xd\Ygd LWLl TjRXLm \YgV CVt AVl Lr Tt\o, UmAVR TX pL[m CNS Ttm ojR]eL[m CVts[o, LXm,,18-Bm t\i,

CYo GV \pLs O]jRfNu. O]X. BWQkRm. TpYojR]eLs BVYVm,

YNd \Yg RYUd UXY[m Rp

Y]YoLs Yk RjWeLs TlTo

YiUs[ jRWpXm AkRYeLs lToO]Pu pXXj RXYoYk RYo

ShNjWf NvLs LdLLs RYoR] RoUm HZLh VYoLe LlTo

NiP[l TYUpXm AiP RlToD]s[ TndLQeLs UVeVeL lTo

HLuU Y]YpX VeLs UX VmU,1

TtI. ]:

1, s[jRr CXdLQm GL,2, UWTWo Ttf l YWL,

II. T]:

1, BL NeW Gu UWTWo YiU VeM]m ?

III. CXdLQdlTL,

WpY UuWp FVk JiTRm BL

IV. jl Qof RL,

Yi. AV. Up Rr i.NeW

V. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

m. kR. Tj. BL,

69 70

d


40/133

BUX VeLdL HRuUX VmUBiPY]o GeL[jRm AUjRUX VmU

Vu\SpYWe LjRUX VmU jVm NLUp u\UX VmU

NR]Vnl Tn\ LjR UX VmURtTW]o GmUVeL NjR UX VmU

TRLUn SeL[R hPRtu ]mUTjRXLm GeLdl TVUX VmU, 2

- RgN YRSVL NjVo

AgNtTs

1. RjWeLs = lTPpLs; pXXj RXYo = Lm L NokR CPUVpX Xj Ym UnlToLs; ShNjWf NvLs = CV TUuTjXLm Uhj RYjt \kRT Yp Ko Ys Rut,AkRYsVd LiP odLRLs EXL hTo Ru]o Gu EXdEQoj]o; Aj odLRL[ EWjRY; HLu - C\Yu, AiP -SeLP,

2. BUX = RuRXL [eV UX; HRu UX= HRu RhPjp [emHRu UX; RtTWu - C\Yu,

CXdLQdlAkRYm - TijRL; R]RoUm - EmUj RL, TndLQeLs - B\m

YtUjRL; AUjR. LjR. u\. NjR - TVWfNeLs,

TtI. ]:

1, RgN YRSVL NjVo GV \pLs VY?2, GqYL A AUlp TjRXLm \Yg p AUks[?3, tXdVeLs GjR] YLlTm? GYVm Ik GL,

II. T ]:

1, \Yg - u T AUl] GL,2, \j HRu UXVl Tt EWlT] VY?3, HRu UX Tt o AY] VY?

III. S]:

1. YNd \Yg RYUdd V UXY[jR Y,

IV. CXdLQdl GL,

AkRYm R]RoUm AUjRUX TndLQeLs

V. jl Qof RL,

jRWpXm. XjRXYo. AkRYeLs. SeL[R.D]s[. GmUVeL

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

lTo RYo u\VII. NV] PVj R Nn GL,

1, TXThPPf NdLSR s[ GV Ut\ pA) Au]m B) Ru\p C) p

2) u CXdLQm m pA) CXdLQ [dLm B)LL C) \lTs YiTUX

3, Rp R p GkR TWA) RdLVLl TW B) L eLjlTW C) YeLjlTW

4, RuRr RnYl TW Gu L eLjl TWVl TtVYoA)NdLSRlXYo B) LZk C) JhPdjRo

5, To]p BWm V]L[ Yu\WWl TYA) TW B) C) EX

6, NeWl TYm. s[j RpA) u\m TYm B)CWiPm TYm C) SuLm TYm

7, RgN YRSVL NjVo \kR t\iA) 17Bm t\i B) 18Bm t\i C) 19 Bm t\i

8, s[ p Es[ LiLsA) 269 B) 239 C) 293

9) RtXjeLu TPjR[T

A) AiUYoUu B) SkYoUu C) LQLWj RiPUu10) BiTp s[jRdm TiTp s[j Rdm TY] TYeLs

A) 7 B) 6 C) 8

VIII. Uj\u Y[oTt:

YdL tXdVeL[j Rl TL, . \Yg. Ts. s[j RrR VYtu Y LoL,

71 72


41/133


42/133

6,UUXofl TPpLs TiPSXm lXU TZmTU AjR]m TPlTn CkSs! Ri

NnYn Rdj \Rk \Rk jRkR GuTo TYkRo,

TZUu TUV AjR[ULm \Rm rdm V L[eL[lTT[Lm Li GkRYRm UUXofXdVeL[m, CYt\fY Ts AVRNdL SYLR G]Xm, CY UPjulTsL[m AYXeL[m V SdPu Todm; jRm V LXL[jNRm Rok NkRdf Nodm,

V A\Ls. jRm V LtT]Ls. TUSd CYt\PV Ct\ShTYXoL[p Rr CXdVm V Nl]lTm Gu SmTXm,

ClTYXoLs SU UWTum Uids YuVYoLs; UVumidd [ hTYoLs, V GfVm lTm AYTYoLs, AYoRmTPlLt X CeL TPlTVLj RWlThs[],

Whd LOo Gum TYkRo Gum AOo TUdL[t TWhPl TTYoTWRNu, TWVo LiP A[Yt\Ttu LWQULf lWj]mGu\TVWl TWRNu Gu Utd LiPYo,

29-04-1891-p fNp L]LNT - CXdVmUs GuTYd UL]Ll\kRYo, C[UXV Wg U m Rr Um \kR XU Tt\Yo,

Rr UPjm Rr UdLPjm BWR Au iPYo, Rr Shu CWpLmNRq Gu TWhPl TTYo. (CWp LmNRq EV Shu UdLOo)

EW EQoY Y[olT RZ Gum CuTj Rrd Lp VYm Lt\YoGuWdm X Gn hPp uTeLs em Lm Ym Sgp nUEiPm Wm Ym Gu RZodLLm GVYo,

mT[d. TiVu T. CiP. RZfu Lj. NWRiPYm.WkRVo. AZu l. gjh BV LlVeL[m C\Yl LrTt\GiQt\TPpL[m CVtVYo, CYVtV WkRVo SPLm NjVALRl T Tt\,

Yrp NmUVf NnTYs V Gu\CYu RrYrjl TPXlY AW R] RrjRn YrjRL HtdLis[, RZL AW TWRNuTpLXd LZLm CYo LZl Tts[,

p Gu\CXdV CRZ SPjYkR CkRl Yd p 21-4-1964 Au CVtL VnV,

74


43/133

(A) GkS[?

Gu]k RrSh uLiGpXm Lp Ltl

Tu]e LXO ]jRpTWdW UjRp. AuTp

Eu]R CUUX Tp

Kem oj Vn Cut\o Gu Ut\o CVmTd LhPp GkS[!

Lj\f j WeLsLReLs Y] tLs

Unj\tLs tTmgO]m L VeLs

Yjs[ RZo tLsYVju U Gu]l

jRLf NX GemdSs GkR S[?

RVt \Z. Gu\uRZu LR Ru]

BWm Ut LQ Cl AYt \u\

Rm Uu BRPokRu\u Np Yk

TSs GkR S[?BRl TLoYo CeL,

Ys[mTp RZo hPm;WeLs hPm; Au]o

Es[j RpJ YWUt P ]p TXWnd LiTo

Ls[jRp SeL QRG]YVm LXeLd Li

smSs GkSs? Es[mNdmSs GkR S[?

LiLm Jm TXdLuUXo YNm TXl

TiLm BiLs RmTkRr S Rup

RiLPp LojR AuTpNU]jRo B]o Gu\

TiYk Lt TVlTSs GkR S[?

- WhdLOo TWRNu

AgNtTs

TWdWUm = Wm; Eu]Rm = EVo; CUUX = CUVUX; oj = Lr; LojR= Tu\; NU]jRo = JjREU EPVYo; Ti = TPp; dm Ss = VRLAUdm Ss; Ndm Ss = UrfVp UVem Ss; TYL : AodLSX BV jRm,

CXdLQm

CVmTd LhPp - NVYu YnTh ]VfNm; AkRr- TijRL;dSs. TSs. T Ss-]jRLLs; TLoYo - ]VXQm TVo;RiLPp - TijRL,

TtI. ]:

1, RrShPo GjRLV ojVl T\Yim G]d LOo L] Li\o?2, jRLf NXLp CdL YiV pL[Ll TYkRo EWlT] VY?3, LOu Np Yk TV YiV Nn V?4, YVm LXeU RZo NnVjRdL V?5, BPYm ULm NU]jRo BL Yim Gu\Lj]d LOo GeM]m

s[o?

II.

T]:1, G k S [ G u k R Xl p L Oo l T Y V Y ?

III. CXdLQdl YWL,

TLoYo. CVmTdLhPp. TSs

IV. jl Qof RL.Gt\r. ojVn. Lj\m. TkRr. Unj\m

V. ElXdLQm RL,

CVmT. TLoYo. LiTo. Cut\7675


44/133

(B) dLhm U

du\UXoL[Xm dLs ApXV]Yn YYYpXm U ApX

Dodu\UQmTWlm UXoL [jRmGpXm TtYo; SXmT Wld

Ldu\UVjRu HtTo Nu\o;

LRll Tpm U GpXmTdRX APU; UVe uUGm TVWX rRp YiP,

NeLWp RUWLs j dmNoUVp Ap UXo Yn dm

TeYm UZYWYp To dmTnVR Ud\[p Xm dm

eL\f jdm AYp Bnk V]Yu Np Yp TU LQ

CeSm VYUp U dmpXU RnkNU XV Yndm

- VWNu

TWRNu TWmTWu jRRX\d LOoLs JYo LVW VWNuBYo, UW UYhPm TV[jp lTWV - RXh GuTd 7-10-1920-p\kRYo, WW Gu\RU TVW VWNu Gu UtdLiPYo, TWRN]L Sel TZ AYPV tTd GiQeL[ Htl TVYo, RkRTVPjm TWOo AiQPjm Sel TZVYo, N UljUQg Nn LiPYo, NPeL[ UlTYo, RU U\u TmGfNPeLm YiP Gu\EWj. AqY\\Y\f NnRYo, LWd,,EVoXlTsp RZVWLl TkRYo,

eL. LVlTY. WLVm Gue LlVeL[m VWNu LRLsGu\LR Xm G Yhs[o, CYW LRL[f NjV ALR

Ckm BeXjm UTVoj Yhs[, eL Gu\LVm 1966 Cp RZL AWu TNl Tts[, T\m UXp SPkR Zp LVWGu\ThPm CYd YZeLlThP,

AgNtTs

Dodu\= LYou\; Xm = A; pXU = CYf Nodm AUjR]m; eL\= nU\,

CXdLQm

du\.Dodu\. Ldu\- LrLXl TVWfNeLs; NeLo. pXU-TijRLLs; LRl - u\m YtU Em TVm EPuRdL RL,

TtI. ]:

1, U GqY CdL Yim Gu LOo m\o?2, U GlT dm Gu\o?

II. T]:

1, dLhm U Guk RXlp AUks[ LR AZ] Y

III. CXdLQdl YWL.

pXU. LRl

IV. jl Qof YWL.

LRl. Ud\s. pXU. NeLo

V. ElXdLQm RLTtYo. HtTo

7877


45/133

(C) RX [jR EU

LhPt YX RYru\Lt]dL NnR pX

LXUe ZY] OXU LP[Lg\YjR pX

UhPu YkYi UXW pXVYj R pX

YR Om YiX uLms\l ThP pX!

Rhu YVLm RkRRo EUVjRPNVp \U VU?

RVLm. RVLj s[Yod Ljs[RoUjR UdL XU?

YheLs R[] Gu\Yo W XrkRR AU GiQm

RX! RX! GuUo CNX

[kRR EU GiQm!AULs GeLXm Clm Au]Yod

L]kRm RY RoSsBdL YVoRm L X YTYod

L\UXm YZe UoSsUm AfNm Uo S[R

RX [d UoSsVjRm CkVj QdLiP U RV

Pu Tt\RoSs!

Lm ULm C]eLm TpYLd LiP tmh\Yu]p YU VpX

LUVp YrY pX!AUVu \Ym GiQR YLX

AYWYo EU LjBdm E\] AUjm S]

Au]t Li NolTm,

-LVW LiQRNu

Ut\m G] UPj RjYm Gu TV LVWNo LiQRNuPtThX RuV Thl T\Y, Th RhLp GpXm RU WNlTPpL[p LrjR LOo, TZkRr CXdVju EofNWjRVpXm RUTPpLX GjRiPYo, RZL AWu AWNYd LOWL [eVYo,

NjRlTu-NXh GuTd UL]L 24-6-1927-p \kRYo, jRVGu\TVWV LiQRNu Gu UtdLiPYo, Ru\p. Ru\pW.NiPURm. pX. LiQRNu BV CRrLu BVWL [e]o,IkRWjtm UtThP WlTPl TPpL[ Gl Lr Tt\o, CYPVLRLs LiQRNu LRLs Gu\TVp TX RlL[L Y Yks[],

AojRs[ CkURm Gum LhWj RPoLm. CVLVm Gum m CYo LZ Gum Xjm,

UjV UX AWLu L[m. NjV ALRl T]mAiQUXVWNo ]l T]m Tt\Yo,

17-10-1981-Cp CVtL Gn]o,

AgNtTs

Rhu = \u; LXUeZYu = LXm, YR = lTPVR; u =iu; R[ = Xe; YTYo=YrTYo; U = YU,

CXdLQm

YipX - TijRL; YR O -GoU\l TVWfNm. RXRX - Adj RPo; YTYo - ]VXQm TVo, L m ULm

C]eLm - GimU,

TtI. S]:

1, RX [jR EU Vu\RXlu rd LVWNo LiQRNuEWlT]Yt\j RjRL,

8079


46/133

(D) R[u]p RY

jd LiPfN[d LpX;

TdLjp ClTTjR SpYVp

RXp AkRjRhPj Y ds

Yu\LdLhPl p!

AjR TiQpALXj Rhp

jf YdLliQdj Rio

Todm NVpXmTfNu AZl

Lp Yl SX t

B]p S]R[p dV LZ[p LhV L[!

- t TXlWUVm

LYUYhPm Bjl Ts[f Gu\FWf NokRYo t TXlWUVm,Tt\o - TuN. LiVmUs, LjRVeL[ YYUdmNpXZYo, NpXj Rok Ndj RrlTPp Bdm t, TWVoTpLXd LZLju Rrj\j RXYWLl TVtVYo,

jR jdLs. Xl. JlT\Y. NolTVLm. V Zp. BW R V TXLR pL[ BdVYo, CXdVf kR]. UXV[d LR. AXm Ym.J WUj SdLWp Gum EWSP pL[ GVYo,

J WUj S Gu\df NjV ALRu T YZeLlThs[,RZL AWu TYkRo T. RgNj Rrl TpLXd LZLju BeX CXdV

tT Tu\TL[m Tts[o,

R[

EXLm m CuTUVm - Y[m SXm YYu Lh AZdu\],AYt\f Nu\nR BYp d\ SUd,

RYm SmUl Poj Ek\, U k Pdm YVj CuTeL[ Lok UZm. APVVRYt\j RjRm Y V VtVp TtdLs[m SmPm TWt\p Ei, B]p GRu R[lTj\ SmU? NV? URU?UV? SP? GjR] RPLs ? GjR] R[Ls?

LhPtf NpXm LYX s[m CuTm LWm RPlTjm R[LsVY? Hu \VpX SmUp? \d PR Sm? LhlThl TZdmTZdLjRp YSYfZt \ T\U? GjR] ]dL[Gl\? CkRd LR! LOu TWt\p C, ClTPp JlT\YGu\ k GdLlThs[,

CXdLQm

Yu - CWhPd [

Tt

I. T]:

1. R[ Gum TPp Xm LOo EQojR mm NnV [dL,

II. jl Qof YWL:

N[d LpX. t. ALXjRh

8281


47/133

(E), LiLiLs

CkRl WTgNY]ju TLp dLs

CUl RVpLhP ShVju ShY]o!

Yd LVLTuUu Es[EYf ZmEs[ju jWLs!

BjUu pAs YjR R]ElTu lmFU YiLs!

UiUp Ru R pURu SPTPlTR Np jRkRTX TeLsRnd Lu eLpW_ YNkRjpLVl jRYLs!U[]ju TLp Y[f NlT]eLs!

TLp ChPl TolTRtTPjRY] Ht YjRTY [dLshdl Th YjRLX JlT]LsLXl ToYf LWeLsLiu mUdLs!

CUjR[m LhV CNXVjp NWmU[] SP]eLsU]Shu YoLs

CWR U]lT\YGu\ \k YjR

C YnLsL [du C PoLs!

Lt\p AQu\L[dl TXi - CYV.fd

Ltu AQu\Li [d,

- S, LUWNu

S. LUWNu 1942-p UW UYhPm T-]hWm WUjp \kRo, RkR Sfj; RVo CXh AmUs,

UUXof Lju LO]Lj Lm LUWNu AYoLs UWd LRL[md LRL[m Gj Rr Ud Y[g Nojs[o, WVf NkReLPulToY LZl TUd LRLs TXYt\Gs[o, 1971-p YYkR LlUXoLs Rl p. LR EXp J lTjR EYdVR] AOoLsLrYo,

VLk. NLWYj RiPR JhPLeLs. RwULm WhjimR V] CYoRm TPlL[m, CYo Rm kR] ; RjYm YnkR,

LiLs

TUeL[LY YYe Lidm LRLu AZLd LiL, EYLmGu\YZd d LRLX TUm Gu YZeLlTm, AjR TUeLs V VALdLhL[j Rtdm, Npds BrkRrk Pdm CiUm

XdLm CkRl TUeLs YXnj Ruj Ru U\m, d LRLdEolm Yrm YZeY] TUeL[ G]Xm, LjYd LhL[ YdmNpXhL[ TUeL[m,

AgNtTsWTgNY]m = EXLUVL; CUlRVp = CULds[ Rk Pdm

TgNpYm; FU YiLs=WXp LjRdLUp U[]jRpTQojm LV \j YiLs Tm LiLs, BuUu UVl TmLioj Ls; TeLs=YLhLs

RndLu ,,,,,,, jRYLs = Ru LlTVV NXp IkRmURUV YNkR LXjp UhP UXoTY, hdl ThYjR LXJlT]Ls = ToYVt\Yu Ls; Liu mU = LiWjRtlTY; U]Shu YoLs = U]ju LjR AdL YkRY LiLs;Lt\p AQm L[d, C fdLtu AQm [d - WiRP,

8483


48/133

CXdLQdl

TLpdLs - HZm YtUjRL; YdL. U]lT\Y - EYLeLs

TtI. T]:

1, LiL[ GqY\pXm LUWNu LtT] Nns[o GuTR] [ddLhL,

(F) Rio YeLs

C\du\TL [X Cdu\W GpXm

C\jUp Li YkRm CQXl TU Gum

Whm Nn Yu\m ds CkR Rio

Y\iPRp o PYejRu Tu\m!

Yep TQjRl ThY[olTRl Tu Rio

YeLs SUd YimYuUZ Q LUp

Rem YiQm hjRW] AUjRp Yim

Tem [eLs H ds AUjd LlTm

- S, LQ

LOo S, LQ 28-03-1939-p LPo UYhPm RmTWjp \kRYo,Tt\o CW,SPNu. YLVmUs BYo,

AiQUXl TpLXdLZLjp XYo ThPj Rop Rp Ylp RofTt\Yo, kRYp AW UXlTsp LXj RZVWLl TVtKn Tts[o,

RpLlVm Udm EWVs[o, Nu] Y] XVjRWp J TWlTlTm Up NlTPpLs TXYt\CYo Gs[o, SUds[ UXWhm Sp- QdLm Gum CYW LR k ClTPpGdLlTts[, Rio YeLs Gum NpXh TWhPjRdL,

CXdLQd l

CQXl TU - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; CX - (CpXR) - CPd\. LWm; YuUZ - IkRu YtU Em TVm EPuRdLRL,

TtI. T]:

Rio YeLs Gu\RXlu r S,LQ EWlT] VY?8685


49/133

II. CXdLQdl YWL,

CQXlTU. YuUZ

III. ElXdLQm RL,

Tu\m. AUjRp. LlTm. Yu\m,

VI. Uj\u Y[oTt:

Es[R Es[T Ys[Vnl TPXm - ClTAiQu GuTYu Rmd jRYuiQ GuT R VokRRio GuT RLk RlTAi VuTYs AiQu U]VTdLY LLm TZm; TlTY YWUtLY Zdp u TojRX Rm,

87


50/133

7, YThl TPpLs Rr CXdVjRl TpY NUVm NokR XYoLs Y[lTjs[]o,

TXNUVl TiT Li CkVl TS UXe [e\, CkRlu]p RrlXYoLs RjRm NUVd LP[ Yrjm YQemTs[]o, NYm. YQYm. jRYm. T[jRm BV NUVeLs NokRTPpLs ClTp CPm Tts[],

(A) YTUu SUodm VpXm SU] VgNm

SWLj PolTPm SPX pXmHUlTm VVm TY UpXm

CuTU VkSm uT pXRUode VpXj RuU V]

NeLWuSt NeLYi ZVo LtLUtL SUum [ B[nd

LnmUXofN YQV ]U,

- SdLWNo(B) Up

BUZd LiQ! Ju LLWYpBs d Lk LPoj HF RpYu EYm Tp UnLjlTVk RPl TtTSTu LpBTp u. YXmTp u\okRZR NoeLm ERjR NWUZ TpYZ EXp TnPn. SeLmUoL WP UrkRXo GmTYn!

- BiPs(C) CV Wu

YR RXY] UlT[KYR TeQjR jRU] XL]jmNYR TLdLj RYjj NeLhkRY RY]Vu YNd LiP],

- Gf,H, xQs[

88


51/133

(D) jRo

Ast kR Zp TQo Yt TWm RRLJU]m Gn C]l LPlTL LPk SpYLl TQok()Keo EXP VYm

eL CuTU Yr L]Y,- WNV UtLs

A, YTUu

CfNns SdLWNo CVtV RYWjp CPm Tt\Rm, NYj\Lp Rp H \Ls RYWm Bm, AYts Rp u\Ls O]NmTkRWm. Su. Ik. B \Ls SdLWNWmHZk\kRWoj SV]Wm TPlThPY Bm,

SdLWNo Ru]odL UYhPjs[. Yo Gum Fp \kRo, CYo RkR LZ]o; Au]Vo UVo. RUdLVo XLYVo,SdLWNdl Tt\o ChP TVo Us dVo GuTRm, YNo. AlTWLsG]m YZeLlT\o, NYSp RnkR CYo N YtUL[d L[VtThP NRVl Tt\[WLm LQlT\o, CYo Gu LPu T Nn PlTR Gum YdLj RkRYm ARuTV YrkRYUYo, CYPV LXm ,, 7-m t\i,

AgNtTs

SUu = GUu; SPX = C\l; = Sn; HUlTm = TLlPu Es[m,

CXdLQm

SU] VgNm - E UVdLm; SWLjp CPolTPm - HZm YtU ;YiZ. NY - Tij RLLs; LnmUXo - ]jRL,

B Up

UXl Ttm ClTPp lTYp CPmTt\SuLm TPXm,lTY GuT Tdd LXjp GRlTt\EVV Td CXdVUm,lTYV YRm A]jtm j Gu LrYo, SXW qVl WTkRjRlp u\Y WTkRUL YdLlThlT lTY, TY GuTtXdV YLLs Ju, TY Gu\Np TmU Tu\TUjRd jR,u TYVd jf NnVlTm Sud B. u]o AkSuTj RdmtXdVjdLV, AR]p TY. CUVTVo, lTYl TdLs lTmYiP[Vp YkR GhP Sto LfNLd L lT YLVf NokRY,

lTY AV BiPs GhPm t\iu Cl Tp YrkRYo,Tu BrYoLs JYWm TVrYu Y[ol ULs, SfVo U.lTY Gu\Cq RnYlTYpLm BiPs Af NnRYVm,

AgNtTs

BUZd LiQ - UZjRnYU! UZd AT (To_uVu Gum Yo,)B = LPp; F RpYu = LiQWu; B = NdLWm; NoeLm = p; TVkRs -Y UPV Rs (T = Y U)

CXdLQm

LWYp - GoU\HYp ]t; ERjR - TVWfNm; YZ - NVYuYnTh ]VfNm; TnPn - HYp ]t,

C, CVWu

CVW] Yrjm ClTPXl TVYo Gf,H, xQs[ BYo,SpY UYhPm LWl Gm Fp 1827 Bm Bi \kRo, CYoRmTt\o NeLW SWVQ s[m RnY SVVmUm BYo, au BpW Gu\TVoLu dLU Gf,H, Bm, Rr BVWLl TVtV CYW TPlLsTtj YLYp. CWhNV VjLm. CWhNV U]LWm BVY, CYo

GV]YLf NpXlTm CWhNVd \s. CWhNV TX TR] GuT] ClT PjX, SUdl TPUL Yks[ CWhNiV U]LWlTPp L jRAUls[, CWhNV U]LWm Lp U]jRm LWVf Nnm Tdl TPpLuRlTm, CWhNV VjLm CWhNV U]LWm tm Y Y\]

pLs ApX, CWhNV U]LWju TmT CWhNV VjLj kGjjRdLl Tt\ Bm, CYWd jYd LmTo G]l LrYo,

AgNtTs

RYjj NeLhm = LlVL u uVtVdu\(NeLhRp -PlVL J NVX uu SPjdLhRd YZeLlTm YhPW YZd)

CXdLQm

TeQm - TijRL; Lhm - Nnm Gum YnThl TVWfNm,

D jRo

SUdl TPUV ClTPp WN Vm Gum CXdLQ u EWl TpEs[ UtLs TPXm, WNVm IkXdLQm m CXdLQ p Bm,WWNkW NZu lTjt HtTl jRjWWp GRlTt\ Ckdl TkRY]o EW Gs[o,

AgNtTs

tjRp = RjjRp. Urk TRjPu CjRp; C] = Sp].]; TWm = Vm Rm; JU]m = UT CpX J XlThP U]m;

89 90


52/133

Keo = LPp; LPk = Yu; RRL = YQeRtV; SpYLl Ts =A\m. Ts. CuTm , T = AWNUWm; lTL = LUm. Y. UVdLm BVu TLLs; Yo = \;Ce jRTU]d d\,

CXdLQm

TWm - RuUl TuU ]t; Zp T - CWiPm YtUEm TVm EPuRdL RL; JU]m. C]. lTL. SpYL - A[lTij RLLs; eL CuTm - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; VYm -tmU, tkR - TVWfNm; ]l - EYLm,

TtI. ]:

1, RYWm - l GL,2, YRU]jtm j Gu\ZdLlTm p V?3, jRjWo jd lTL,4, jRjWo Ju. CWi. u. Su Gm Gi YNp GqYYt\d

d\o?5, NeLhRp - [dVL,

II. T]:1, AlTo TRm Ru]mdLm TVl TV TPtLjR [dL,2, UZTnV Yi ULo UX YThP TPtYV [dL,3, YNd LiP C\Y] TiTL Gf,H,xQs[ Y] VY?4, WNV UtLs jRTU] YTm AZL Y,

III. CXdLQdl GL,

YiZ ERjR EXL]jm VYmLnmUXo TnPn YN KeoNY YR JU]m lTLKeo eL

IV. jl Qof RL,

uTpX EXL]jm VVm YiZ NY UlT[

V. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

AgNm LdL ]m Gnd LPk ERjR eL

VI. TjL:

1, Rp u RYWj \Ls BiPs

2, 4.5.6 Bm \Ls kRWo

3, HZm \ O]NmTkRo4 lTY SdLWNo

UdLYNLo

VII TjL

1, jYd LmTu AlTo2, Us dVo BiPs3, TVrYo Y[ol ULs jRjWo4, WNVm TVYo xQ s[

O]NmTkRo

VIII. Uj\u Y[oTt:

Np[Vht TZL,

1, LnVl TZjdd Lmi; Li;m GdL CWi pX

2, ReL UWjX UeLn TdL Y]Uk LdL Sdm

3, JLp GkRPu CLp lTRt dLXdLiSu StLd HLp IkRX

SL Uu AgNUp LjRRP, (Sn)

ARtl TjWRujWu jWu NjuTju Lp YejRn, (Uk)

1, LnVl TZm - L - Jt\d Lm. QVj(Lmi. Li)

G - CWim CpX

2, Rm + L+ UWm = RuRmu\NXds Cdm UWm;Ld - UUWm, NXs [em UUWjp Ln TdLf ]Uk UWjRV Toj u\,

3, JLp - Vu; CLp - LXdLPu; dLp -Ltdm Lp; StLp - RXm; Ik RXSLm - Sgs; LjR - jV,

TjWRu - RNWRu; jWu - CWUu; jWu - dYu; Nj - YTj - RW; Lp YeRp - RW GuTp Es[ QVjR

dRp (RW)

: Sgs jVR ? RWX Rn,

91 92


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EWSPlT1, LpV AVf NpYm

- U\UXVLs Ys[jRp AV Yk RZXp

YL YkR WeLs[jRu V LjRm

\Yud \ \Ls[odL TVpX LYdL

LG Lp VumEs[jR TdLl \mTLl

TsR Zpu \W,

X Sp Ruf X S k XSp U\k TYRV CmUdLPmt \kRYoL[L Sm GkRYLV] NpYjRl TRt VXpYiUu\p. Gum AVRRn. EPm AkRk Ru AVUp SUEW Nok SmU GpXl \ldLk RPok YYRn Es[ApXl Tg NpYjRV APRtd Lie LjUn

CdLYim, Hu? AVR NpYjRV T\YiUum lTm Smp JqYYPjm CVtLVLY LQlTRXm. AqlTm CpXRYoL[ GqPjm GdLXje LiPp PUVUuL, JeLs. CWi eLtk Tg UjL[ YeLmu\U? TuWi T]k eLs VUp AjRUdm

Shl PYL[ YeL mu\U? X Vn CkRmAjRUn jdm BPL[VpXY YeL BYpLsu\m! LRY]e rk Sel Tm UhTiPeL[l ZeLmu\U? Z RY kRm EPVUp YYn Es[ NldLXeLs jR[d LXeL[d LV[ mu\U? X HkRm

iP Ss TVuTg NldLXeLs jR[d LXeL[ VpXY TsLj YeL Zu\m, CeM]U Sm SPe LVi YmTsLe P Wp Ak TLUp iPSs XjdmTsL[V Sm APV mRXp. Smp JqYYdm AVfNpYjRV T\YiUum AY CVtLVLY Yu tu\,

CeM]m AVf NpYjRV APV YiUum AY SmUpXPjm CVtLVL CkRm. jflp Es[ ju Jm.T V TY[ju \m. Up U\kR Uu XdLe. P LrkR[du Jm Tp SmU dLidm AVU Gum CpALlThPYoL[ Sm AY CZk. Ak Tm TsL[V XVLlZTP ]k. AYt\l TYm AYt\LoYU SU LXjRdLj Yu\m TeLs! SmUYoLt TmTXo UPULL[m

BP ALXeL[k RhhL[k uTiPeL[m SPLdLhL[m YdL [VhL[U UX] NpYeL[LdL AYt\l TYm AYt\LoYm PVtPVYoL[n

CdLd Liu\UVpXUt. SWUm APdL JdLjRk SmUl TPjR YTU] ]dLm. SmUlTXY AqYiPY]tTPdLlThP ELu SuUVd LRm. AY TVm SVmYkYRd Li U]eLk CWej RmUp CVu\A[ AYtt JLl EQYY JL UkRY ER AYtu uTjRl TdLkRnYlXUj YsYSV]o. J[Yl WhVo. LWdLp AmUVo.NdZo TUu RX] EVokR APVWp AfNnVlThs[AmT pL[ K EQWm Vt YnkRYoL[n Es[ BiTiTXWd LiT Am ARnl TnhPR!

B ! Sm XVL ]kR UPULLs BP ALXeLsRhhLs RX]YLs GpXm Sm ]kRYiQm XVL

ClTYRU? CpX, CpX, X BiLdu IRWlTdLjmYVmTm SokR TVR Ys[l Td]p GjR] LsGjR] ULLs XUhPULj PdLlTh CkR CPk RVUpAkT]! AlT AeL Tg NpYoL[kRYo L[pXkRmUp AYj JdLlThP HZd UdL[d Lhm CkRXVAPkRYoL[. EiQf Nm EdLj m Cuj RjRjR RpXm

Sm Lh SgNm Sd Yk]m ApXU? BWjj Rs[WjGhPm Bip Utj Np Es[ \kR SLWUV U]l Th]U]

X Aof]p Ak dm Sldm CWV]m. AlT

AlTh]j kR IkRd B\d ULLm. AYtp CkRAVTV TiPeLm. AYtp CkR \WdLQdL] UkRoLm.A[Yt\NpYeLm Slp Yk p ArklT] YWXL[VpXm ]dmT. Sm XVL ]jdg NpYeLgNpYeL[u LQlTU? AYt\Udm SU Am AYuNpXlTU?

X ShLu u UtLs[ IWlTd LiPjp SPTt\Ys[dLWo NiP]p [kR A]. IV! Gu J S]pGeM]g NpYu! GeL TojRg NdLf NYXu\ Nkod L[m.QdLm. We Ye dWp J Un CkR]Y!AjRVeLs[ Tjl T]k UPULLdk RYLhPeLdm

SU Nu]Th]m m DPL YjRm D AYtt

93 94


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JqYR,AlTlThP EVokR LhPeL[pXm We YL[p RLodLlThlTZnd Pdu\]! GjR] AWNoLs! GjR] NpYoLs! GjR]ToWoLs! CfNiPp Unk T]oLs! St BP VLXuLsAk AY Q Ei RmU U\k ALeLjkRYoL[pXm

Cu AYt\tm CZk U] V\m UdLs J\Und LVkLXk LR]W! IVL! Cf NiP]p Sok YkR AL[ AkYjm. Cum Sm CqY BWYWeL[f NpYeL[u GiQXU?

C TtVu\.

RnYf RmTWj RYEu jRk m hPtTnYjR NlT]Um Uu]o Yrm UeLUnYjR NpYUeL UiP LoRm UP VeLLYjR SPL NX VeL LiUVdL

Gu Th]jl s[Vm Af NnRo,

CeM]m Ys[jRp AkTYm YkSlTp YkTYmAWNoL[t LlTt\lTYe LdLd LdLd \k TYeLsYodLL SmU AglTm TLlTRt kR YjRjRj RYU]

CfNpYm SmUp GkSWm mTjRdLRu\uT CR]p C[eu\Ru\? CqY NpRXd Li Sm NpYjRYiPUp YUlTh CkR UiXp YkV LXeLdLYi Uu

eLs ]jRp P, SU UiXL YrdL C SPlTRtm.\ELu uTjRl Tdm DL A\eL[f NnYRtm. Ut\SpXVtL[f NnYRtm CuVUV YiPlTm T[f Noj.BWYWm CpXUm. GpXk R]dL Gu GiQUk R]dm \odmTXYLVp SpX TVuLs [mT AR]l TVuTjRp YiUuTRG] LjRm,

Cum. CqYkTm T[l TPjRYoLm TPVRYoLUVGpXm Ys[jRp AVRRn YkRZXp YLRRn AWNoL[eLlTt\lTPRRnd LdLd LdLd \VRRnd LsYoLdLL AgNYiY CpXRRn SU As[ CjRXt Lpl T[lTRt Lm VtPVYoL[n CdLYim, CTtV Ys[jRpAV Gum AV Th CkRd LhWd RXL Gjd Ls[lThP,NpYU] YVs[ TlT[RXp Ys[jRp Am; YkRZXpYm; LpV] SU EWlTt Es[dm iT[LVpYs[jp AV; YkRZ p YL, NpYU] Tu Xm R VTlT[jRXp AWNoL[t LlTt\m Tm; LpV] AY]

iT [LVp AYoL[t LYWlTP UhP, NpYU] \od GjdLdLd LdLd \k Tm; LpV] \od GjfNpXfNpX A[pXUt Tm, NpYjRl TLlTRt A[ LPkRVt Yim; LpVl TLlTRt AjRLV YjRm YiYpX,

CeM]UpXe LpV] NpYjg \lPV AVf NpYUn CjR ]XV RnYlXUj YsY SV]o,

Lp fNpYe Lp VYtUPpX Ut\VY,

Gum. J[YlWhVo,

Uu]m UN\d Lt\g oduUu]t Lt\u \lPVu - Uu]djRu\N UpXt \lpX Lt\odfNu\P UpXg \l

Gum Af NnR]o,

B]t Xo LpV] BiUdLdjRu YiU VpXUt TiUdLd YiYpXVum. TZV Sp URoLs GYe LpLtLpX Vum. TiLs LpLtL YiUu pLtNpXlTPpX Vue YoLs, EoLs Gu\TYLpXeLm UdLm JlT]YoL[ VYo, EQ RRp. RV EQYEiPp. E\eLp. CuRp Guk RpLs XeLdm Ei;B]p. UdLs XeLm EVokRYoLs Gu NpY Hu Gu\p. SpX

C V C Gu TjQoRXk RmUlTu\Eod CWejRmUX] ER NnVRXe. LP[j RRXm. CeM]UpXk RUAY Y[Wf NnRtV TXpL[d Lt\XU UdLs XeLm

EVokRYWL GiQlTu\]o, CqVokR Au NVpLs CpXV]pXeL[VYo Gue LppXRYoLd hTU] A tXSWeLt LQlThPm AR] AYLl TVoLs Ls[UhPoL[ue LpPVYoL[ LiPVYoLs BYoLs ApXUpUt\YoLs Ljp CWi iPVYoL[ BYoL[um[dRtLu\ YsYSV]o.

XeL UdLs A]Vo CXepLt\W P] VYo

G]m

LiPV WuTYo Lt\o LjWiiPVo LpX RYo

G]k Yn UXokR]o,

CeM]m AYudL Bu\o. UdL[nl \kR GpXode Lp C u V U V Yi P t T X RV U u d L . A BiUdLdjRu YiU VpXUt Ti UdLd YiYpXVu EWlTo EiU AkRWYW NpuLs! AUjRnUoL[. TiTXo UdLk RrkR XeL[ kRXu\AYoLhd Lp YiPm Gu]Xm? CqXL YrdLV Su\L SPjm\p BiUdL[d Lhm kR TUm BrkR iQmYiV AYoLhd LpVuk iP U[dLj RWUp AYoL[AVU Gum Tt TLf NpTYoLs EiU AkRWYWNuuLs!

95 96


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C tLXjkR J[YVo. Rl TiVu TkRVo.LWdLXmUVo. UeLVodLWVo RX] TiUL[pXeLpp Lf \kRYoL[ kRU RkRYo TZV St TiUdLsGYe Lp LtLpX Vu YW NuuLs!

TkR PeLh \R XodLXmTk NpYe Lpm jRXpYk YkRYod Rm YLm

k Uu [Y] VYVGu Lpt \kR LmTo jRXp tLXjp CkR TiUdLsGpXe Lpp YpXYoL[n CkRoL[uT C [eLpXV?

C. CeM]UpXm BZ ]jl TodeLp Bi UdLddLp CuVUVRRn CjRp TXY. AYoTp UdLh \l]W]Ti UdLhe LpV] CuVUVR Ap NpYUUuT SuT\lTu\,

C. AVf NpYUV LpVl Ttd LsYRt Sm LmVu YYR. EVokR pL[d Lt YmTR AkpLtNpXlThP SpXdLeLm Sm TZ YRp Yim, Lt\YoLiP APdLm APeLRo TfNkk RmUl LrkWlTo

Gu\T Smm TU TWhPUg Nd APVUm. TkR Npm TkRNVm EPVUn. GpX EoLPjm Aum CWdLeLh.

SpXdLjp YY GpXm YpX Rt LP[] YTU]U]U UnL[p ]km Yrjm YQem EXLYrdLV

C SPj Sm TVuTtl \EoL[m TVu T\f Nn YRX Sm Tt\AVf NpYUV LpVl TVuTjm \Vm,

Tt

I. T]:

1, ApXR NpYjRl T\Yim GuTR UR CVtLGuTR] U\UX VL[o VeM]m jWd\o?

2, Sm XV]YVu Udm NpYeLs AVjRdLYV GuTR]U\UXVL[o GeM]m Lhs[o?

3, LpV AVf NpYm GuTR] U\UXAL[o GeM]mGjWd\o?

4, UdLs XeLm EVoPVYoLs GuTR] GqY Lhs[o?

5 , TiT X od m L p C u V U V R R G u m L j ]U\UX AL[o [dY VeM]m?

6, A V f N p YU V L p Vl T V u T j m \ V LU\UXVL[o EWlT] VY?

7, IWlTd LiPjp SPkR NiP]p [kR A jU\UXVLs Y] VY?

II. S] :

1, Ys[jRp AV Gu\TP u YV Lpu \lTU\UXVL[o VeM]m u\o?

2, T i L p V Y j A L [ o E W l T ] Y t \ dLhWVLj RjRL,

III. Uj\u Y[oTt:

1, TiLpV Y jV Nu\o TXo, RrjRu\p ,,L, TWVoTWRNu Tu\o TPpL[m LhWL[m UtL[Ld Lh

CXdV Uu\AUlu rl Tl TZL,

2, SU tol \eLp Lpu AU EQW TXo YrYo oNoks[ ShSXlTjhPm. C[Oo NgYf NeLm. NWQNWVo CVdLm. R V AUlLu rl TW. RPo ZdLmTu\NVpTLp ]L, Lm AUdLlTm T. TsYVdZkRL[l Tst NolTm CPt\p CpX TsdLpV

\ NnYm SdLULl TWlW LrjL,

3, EeLs Fp CW SWlTs (A) XlTsd Pm AUdLlThluUQdLoL[f NolTp EU TeLl]j RL, TtSWLm.FdSWLm Lpl T NnL,

4, XLjtf Nu El]WL, TX\Lm AjRP pDTL,

IV.

s[ RPoLt Lm ZL[j jVL,1, Tk jPjp Tp dPm Cd\2, Cum Sm Shp TYV] UdLp Es[oLX3, HLp UXo NjRs QLp o Yt\4, B[UWju ]l TmTu \e AgV5, LgNm Yu Yjj RkRp GiQ Rnjd LpYu,

V. RYV] CPeLp Yp- ] UnL[ ChPL,

1, XY j X L\Ls Pj Yp TjR Lm2, LpX QtX YiX Tk

97 98


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3, Gs NX Ys[ jR,4, Th LPX YtXd iQm LhY,5, UWLP TdLm TLR CZ JqY

(CVpm m u\Eou LNRT m; CWiPm YtU m SuLm YtU m Y m,)

99


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2, WfY

- S,,YeLPN ShPo

Y Gum Rrf Npm. W^m Gum YP Npm JW Ts

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