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Std: 6Sb.3, 6Sb.4 January 2013 Ms. Butler. Size varies Most have a root like structure Adapted to...
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Transcript of Std: 6Sb.3, 6Sb.4 January 2013 Ms. Butler. Size varies Most have a root like structure Adapted to...
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PlantsStd: 6Sb.3, 6Sb.4January 2013Ms. Butler
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Plant Characteristics• Size varies • Most have a root like structure• Adapted to every environment on
Earth• All need water•Some require to be submerged•Either saltwater or freshwater
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Plant Cell• Membrane • Nucleus• Other cellular structure•Provide structure•Protection
• Many contain green pigment chlorophyll•Found in structure called chloroplast•Use to make food through a process called photosynthesis
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Origin and Evolution of Plants
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Green Algae• Probably originated from one-celled ancient green
algae from the sea.• One celled and/or many celled organism• Have some types of chlorophyll and carotenoids• Carotenoids• red, yellow, or orange pigments • used for photosynthesis• Algae BrainPop
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Life on Land
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Protection and Support• Cuticle• Secreted by cells onto the surface of the plant• Slows loss of water which enables the plant to live on land• Chemical compound
• Cellulose• Long chains of cellulose molecules form tangled fibers in
plant cell walls provide structure and support
• Other cell wall substances• Wood used for construction because of strong cell walls• Each plant cell is surrounded by water
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Reproduction
• Water resistant spores helped plants reproduce successfully
• Others adapted by producing water – resistant seed in cones or in flowers that developed into fruit
Classification of Plants
• Into major groups called divisions
• Another way to group is vascular or nonvascular
• Naming plants• Binomial nomenclature• Unique two word name
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• Phylogeny- the evolutionary history of an organisms on how it has changed over time• Kingdom – 1st and
largest• Phylum• Class • Order• Family• Genus• Species
Classification
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Seedless Plants BrainPop
Seedless Plants
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NonVascular
Vascular
Plants
No-Seeds
Mosses
Lichens
Not A Plant
Fungi / Lichen, Mushrooms
No Seeds
Ferns
Horsetails
Seeds
Gymnosperms
Conifers
Angiosperms
Monocots
Dicots
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
• Very small plants• Have rhizoid instead of roots• Water absorbed directly into the cells • Grow in damp environments• Reproduce by spores•Ex. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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Seedless Vascular (SLV)• Reproduce by spores, but have vascular tissue• Can grow bigger and thicker than nonvascular
plants (NV)• Ferns are the largest group • Have stems, leaves and roots• Leaves called fonds• Reproduce by fonds on back of the leaves
• Club mosses • Needlelike leaves• Ex. Ground pines and spike mosses• Spores at the end of the stem structure• BrainPOP | Science | Learn about Seedless Plants
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• Decaying seedless plants are compressed into peat and eventually coalSoil conditioners
Why Are They Important?FUEL!
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Where would we find a NV plant?
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Seed Plants (VS)• What are they?• Ex. Peanut butter, jelly, carrots• Leaves
• Most have • Where photosynthesis usually occurs• Leaf cell structure• Many layers • Most have stomato – surrounded by two guard cells that
open/close for gas exchange
• Stems• Exchange materials• Herbaceous or woody – usually soft and green• BrainPop Seed Plants
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SV con’t. • Roots• Have vascular tissue to move material • Act as anchors• Store food/water• Carrots• Beets
• Absorb O2 through respiration
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Vascular Tissue• 3 tissues• Xylem – move material and support plant• Phloem – move food from production to storage• Cambium
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• Gymnosperms “naked seed”• Oldest trees alive• VS plants• Produce seeds not protected by fruit
• Angiosperms• SV flower plant • Flowering plants with seeds protected in vessels• In the Anthophyta division which is more than ½ of the
known plants• Flowers
Angiosperms
DicotsMonocots
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Monocots and Dicots• Cotyledon - A leaf of the embryo of a seed plant,
which upon germination either remains in the seed or emerges, enlarges, and becomes green. Also called seed leaf.
• Monocots• Comprise a quarter of flowering plants• Most economically important• Have an embryo with one cotyledon• Ex. Corn, rice, wheat, banana, pineapple, dates
• Dicots• Have an embryo with two cotyledons• Most shade trees• Ex. Peanut, green beans, peas, apples and oranges
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Life Cycle of Angiosperms• Biennials - Produce seeds and plants only during
their 2nd year of life• Perennials• Take 2 years to grow to maturity• Herbaceous • Appear to die in winter and grow back each year• Ex. Fruit trees on stems that provide over many years
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Plant Growth and Development• Photosynthesis • the process of capturing light energy and converting it to• sugar energy, in the presence of chlorophyll using CO2 and H2O,
• Respiration • the process of metabolizing (burning) sugars to yield• energy for growth, reproduction, and other life processes
• Transpiration – the loss of water vapor through the stomata of leaves
• Photosynthesis/Respiration Song