STATUS OF STRIPE RUST RESEARCH IN INDIA
Transcript of STATUS OF STRIPE RUST RESEARCH IN INDIA
STATUS OF STRIPE RUST
RESEARCH IN INDIA
Arun K. Sharma & M. S. Saharan
Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, INDIA
Establishment of the AllIndia Coordinated WheatImprovement Project(AICWIP) in 1965 by theICAR
The real breakthrough inproductivity occurred fromsubstitution by the semi-dwarf Mexican wheatthrough the GreenRevolution.
The Green revolution and after (1965 onwards)
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National Wheat ProgrammeDWR and AICW&BIP
DWR – nodal centre of
wheat & barley research
Regional Stations
Flowerdale, Shimla
Dalang Maidan (>10,000
ft)
107 scientists from 31
funded centres
115 non-funded cooperating
centres
National coordination: rice-
wheat cropping system
Wheat in India
• Second most important winter cereal after rice.
• Bread wheat contributes approximately 95% to totalproduction
• Remaining 4% from durum wheat and 1% from Dicoccum
• Wheat crop contributes substantially to the national foodsecurity by providing more than 50% of the calories to thepeople who mainly depend on it.
• Wheat contributed 37 % (80.71 million tons) in total foodgrain production to the tune of 218.20 million tons during2009-10. The estimate for wheat production in 2010 – 11crop season is 84. 27 million tons , an all time high record.
© Directorate of Wheat Research
Wheat Growing Zones
Zone Area covered Area m ha
(%)
Northern Hills Zone
(NHZ)
Western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu and Kathua distt.); H.P.
(except Una and Paonta Valley); Uttarakhand (except Tarai area); Sikkim and
hills of West Bengal and N.E. States
0.8 (2.9%)
North Western
Plains Zone
(NWPZ)
Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions),
Western UP (except Jhansi division), parts of J&K (Jammu and Kathua
districts), HP (Una dist. and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region)
11.3
(40.1%)
North Eastern
Plains Zone (NEPZ)
Eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and plains of NE
States
9.5 (33.2%)
Central Zone (CZ) MP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan(Kota and Udaipur divisions) and UP (
Jhansi division)
5.2 (18.1%)
Peninsular Zone
(PZ)
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, plains of Tamil Nadu 1.6 (5.4%)
Southern Hills Zone
(SHZ)
Hilly areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni hills of
southern plateau
0.1 (0.4%)
TOTAL 28.5
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Revised Wheat Targets-2030 AD
90.0 m tons of wheat to feed our population by
the year 2030 A.D.
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Wheat Rusts in India
• Stripe Rust- More prevalent on north western parts and northern hills.
• Leaf Rust– All parts of the country
• Stem Rust– Central & Peninsular parts
•No major epidemic of any of the rusts occurred in India
during the past about four decades.
•A new stripe rust pathotype, 78S84 was detected on
PBW 343 in 2001. During 2008-09, it appeared on var.
PBW 343, PBW 502, HD 2687 and other susceptible vars.
in NWPZ.
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Key components of pest management of wheat
in India
• Host resistance
• Crop Health monitoring
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
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Crop Health Monitoring and Surveillance
• Roving Surveys
• Trap Plot Nurseries - 27 locations in India
• SAARC Disease Trap Nursery : 22 locations in India,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Pakistan
• Wheat Crop Health Newsletter
(Available on website: http://dwr.in )
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Puccinia Path and Stripe rust in India
Northern hillsWestern
side
Nilgiri hills
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Monitoring Yellow RustArea (Encircled) Intensively Surveyed Every Year
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TRAP PLOT NURSERIES
Trap Plot Nursery (TPN) : 36 locations in India
SAARC Disease Trap Nursery : Planted at 23
locations in India (14), Bangladesh (2), Nepal (3),
Bhutan (2) and Pakistan (2)
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Time of appearance of rusts in different
wheat growing zones in India (1995-2011)Zone Stripe Rust
NHZ January /
February
NWPZ February, rarely in January
NEPZ Rarely
CZ No
PZ No
SHZ December / January
In 2010-11 crop season, disease appeared in mid
December, 2010 in Punjab
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Dominant Pathotypes of Rusts in India
• Yellow rust pathotype 78S84 was found
infecting PBW 343 in NWPZ and lower hills
of NHZ towards the 2nd fortnight of March
2001(Sharma & Duveillier)
• 78S84 is the most dominant pathotype of
yellow rust in NWPZ due to the widespread
cultivation of PBW 343 in the zone. The
other dominant pathotype is 46S119 (Yr9
virulence).
Pt. 78S84 on PBW 343
© Directorate of Wheat Research
HOST RESISTANCE
EVALULATION FOR PROMOTION / IDENTIFICATION OFVARIETIES
CONSTITUTION AND EVALUATION OF PEST SCREENINGNURSERIES
IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANT ENTRIES / SOURCESOF RESISTANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO NGSN FOR USE BY THE BREEDINGPROGRAMMEAT CO-OPERATING CENTRES
RUST RESISTANCE GENES POSTULATION AND DISTRIBUTIONOF PATHOTYPES
© Directorate of Wheat Research
PLANT PATHOLOGICAL SCREENING NURSERIESIPPSN PPSN
Locations: Karnal, Ludhiana, Gurdaspur, DhaulaKuan, Durgapura, Malan, Bajoura, Jammu and Pantnagar
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Multiple Resistant Genotypes Identified in
2009-10Resistant to all Three Rusts
+RA: MACS 3660, PBW 599, PBW 605, PDW 312, VL 922, HP
1911, IWP 5019
+SF: B662
+SF+FA+KB: HD 2989
+SF +FS+KB: VL 900
+SF+MR to LB+R to KB+Pm: PBW 580
+BWM: PBW 581, PBW 590, HD 2997, HS 512, HW 1096
+FA+FS+MR to LB: HPW 296
+RA+SF+FS+MR to LB: LION 1172
+ BWM+SF+ KB+FS: AKDW 3795-3
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Resistant to Leaf and Stripe Rusts
+RA: MP 1202, IWP 72
+RA+BWM: Raj 4125
Resistant to Stem and Stripe Rusts
+RA: TL 2961, MACS 6272, MP 1212, UAS 305
+SF: UAS 415,
+KB+FS+MR to LB+SF: HPW 297
+BWM+KB+FS: HS 491
+ RA+BWM+SF+Pm+KB+FS: TL 2959
+RA+BWM+FA+ Pm+KB+FS: VL 923
+SF+FA: HD 2969
Resistant to Stripe Rust
+ RA: IWP 72, A-9-30-1,
+SF: HPW 331, UP 2770
+BWM+KB: HPW 329
+RA+SF: UP 2762
+SF+KB
© Directorate of Wheat Research
Resistant wheat genotypes to stripe, leaf and stem rusts (ACI ranging from 0-10)
AVT IInd YearAKDW 4021 (D), DBW 50, DBW 51, DBW 52, HD 3016, HI 1563, HI 8691
(D), HS 507, HS 513, HW 5207-1, KRL 240, MACS 3742 (D), MP 3288,
PBW 621, PBW 629, PDW 315, PDW 317, RSP 561, UAS 315, WH 1081
and WHD 943.
AVT Ist YearDBW 54, DBW 58, DBW 60, DBW 73, GW 1255, HD 3028, HD 3043, HI
1569, HI 1571, HI 8702 (d), HI 8703, HI 8704 (d), HI 8708 (d), HI 8709 (d),
HPW 316, HPW 317, HPW 338, HPW 347, HPW 348, HS 514, HS 525, HS
532, HS 533, HS 534, HUW 635, HUW 636, HUW 638, K 0808, KRL 249,
KRL 250, KRL 273, MACS 3744 (d), MP 1236, MPO 1232 (d), NIAW 1549,
NIDW 577 (d), NW 4081, NW 4091, NW 4092, PBW 634, PBW 635, PBW
636, PBW 639, PBW 640, PBW 644, PDW 322, RAJ 4201, RAJ 4205,
RSP 566, SKW 441, TL 2968, TL 2969, UAS 324, UAS 327, UAS 429,
UAS 432 (d), UP 2763, UP 2766, UP 2798, UP 2799, VL 926, VL 930, VL
931, VL 934, VL 943, VL 944, VL 946, WH 1094, WH 1095 and WHD 946.
RESISTANCE LEVEL IN PIPELINE MATERIALS
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National and
International
Nurseries
EPPSN PPSN
Individual
Disease
Screening
Nurseries
MDSNOther
Sources
NGSNMaterials
Utilized as
Sources of
Resistance Long Term
Storage
Registration
of Genetic
Stocks
Flow of Material for Identification of Sources of
Resistance in Wheat
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Commonly used Rust Resistance Genes
Rust Commonly used Effective genes being utilized
Stripe Rust Yr9, Yr18, Yr27, Yr2, Yr2(KS),Yr3
PBW 343 contains Yr 9+18+27
Yr5, Yr10, Yr15
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0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
AC
I
Stem Rust Leaf Rust Leaf Rust Yellow rust
Southern Part Northern Part
Varieties
Checks
Infectors
Enhancement of rust resistance in AVT entries
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Gene Pyramiding in WheatDisease Target
cultivar
s
Genes Donors Molecula
r markers
Leaf
rust and
Stripe
rust
PBW343 Yr10
Yr15
Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)
Lr35(Sr39)
HW 2005 (Lr24)
HW2033 (Lr28)
Tc*Lr35
PBW343/Tc*Lr37
WH542/Yr10
WH542/Yr15,
PBW343/Yr15
Lr 24/STS)
Lr 28(STS)
Lr 35(STS)
Lr 37(STS)
Yr 10 (STS)
Yr 15 (SSR)
HD 2687 Yr10
Yr15
Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)
Lr35(Sr39)
HUW234 Yr10
Yr15
Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)
Lr35(Sr39)
HD2733 Yr10
Yr15
Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)
Lr35(Sr39)
WH147 Lr24(Sr24)
Lr28
Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)
Lr35(Sr39)
LOK 1 Lr24(Sr24)
Lr28
Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)
Lr35(Sr39)
Action plan for Yellow rust in NWPZ
• Extensive crop health monitoring
• Advisories issued to replace PBW 343 and other susceptible varieties with PBW 550 and DBW 17, specially in the epidemiologically important region –foothills and plains of J&K, foot hills and along the international border in Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh
• Avoid the planting of susceptible varieties in NHZ
© Directorate of Wheat Research
• Chemical control to be adopted for susceptible varieties
• Seed treatment with bioagent fungi like T.viride alone or in combination with reduced doses of chemicals for getting PGPR like effect in reducing disease level through, ISR
Action plan for Yellow rust in
NWPZ(contd.)
© Directorate of Wheat Research
69.43
34.23 33.85
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sonalika PBW 343 PBW 343
Bajoura Ludhiana Karnal
% Yield Losses due to Yellow rust in NWPZ
© Directorate of Wheat Research
Extent of Wheat grain production saved in Punjab during 2009-10 through timely action
and the advisories issued
• Extent of losses in var PBW 343 : 34.04%
• Net area sown : 4.20m ha
• Production in 2009-10 : 15.11 m t
• Losses if PBW 343 grown : 5.14 m t
• Cost of 5.14 m t wheat : Rs. 5397 crore
• Timely action and the crop protection advisory saved 5.14 m t of wheat worth Rs. 5397 crore
(@ Rs.1050 / Q, MSP) (approximately)
© Directorate of Wheat Research
Conclusion
• Stripe rust is the most important disease in northern parts of India
• Survey – surveillance is very important to take pre-emptive action to avoid epidemic situations
• Regional monitoring on the International movement of rusts should be the top priority
• Resistance materials are available in the Indian wheat programme on breeding for disease resistance
• Seeing the importance of other diseases, multiple disease / pest resistance approach is needed.