Status of Photonics Polymers for “Fiber to the Display”...Status of Photonics Polymers for...

Status of Photonics Polymers for “Fiber to the Display”

Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University JST ERATO/SORST JST ERATO/SORST

Yasuhiro KoikeYasuhiro Koike

May 25, 2009May 25, 2009FINNISHFINNISH--JAPANESE WORKSHOP JAPANESE WORKSHOP ON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALSON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALSEspoo and Helsinki, FinlandEspoo and Helsinki, Finland

LightwaveHeterogeneous

Structure

Polymer

Å(10-10)

nm(10-9)

µm(10-6)

mm(10-3)

Polarization

PMMA

PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

-

Zero-Birefringence Polymer

Scattering

Highly Scattering Optical Transmission

(HSOT) Polymer

RefractionReflection

High Speed Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber

Correlation Length

Rhodamine 6G-doped polymer

High-Power Optical Fiber Amplifier and Laser

AbsorptionEmission

AbsorptionEmission

Eu Chelate-dopedpolymer

Zero absorption Loss Polymer

Ray Trajectory

Comparison of Step-Index Plastic Optical Fiber (SI POF) and Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF).

Ray Trajectory

High-Speed GI Plastic Optical Fiber

Total Attenuation Spectra of GI POFs.

(μm)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3Wavelength

Perfluorinated polymer-base

Perdeuterated PMMA-base

PMMA -base

CYTOP(Perfluoro butenyl vinyl ether)-Asahi Glass Co.-

CFO

CFCF2CF2

CF2

CF2

F2C CF O CF2 CF2 CF CF2 monomer

polymer

The material for commercial GI-POF (Lucina)Tg: ～108℃

Calculated bandwidth potential of PF polymer based GI-POF compared with that of silica based MMF.

0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6波長 (μm)

1G

10G

100G全フッ素化ポリマー系GI型 POF

石英系マルチモードファイバー

Wavelength (µｍ）

PF polymer based GI-POF

Silica based multimode fiber

Bit

Rat

e

Development of data rate achieved by POF links

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010YearYear

531Mbps•100m@650nmEssex Univ.

1Gbps•30m@670nmIBM & Keio Univ.

1Gbps•30m@670nmIBM & Keio Univ.

2.5Gbps•200m@650nmKeio Univ., Mitsubishi Rayon,NEC & Eindhoven Univ. Tech.

2.5Gbps•200m@1300nmKeio Univ. & Asahi glass & Fujitsu

5Gbps•140m@1300nmKeio Univ., Asahi glass,& Eindhoven Univ. Tech.

4Gbps•300m@850nm12Gbps•100m@850nm

Keio Univ., JST & Asahi glass,

2.5Gbps•450m@1300nmKeio Univ. Mitsubishi Rayon,

Eindhoven Univ. Tech. Asahi glass & Fujitsu

11Gbps•100m@1300nmAsahi glass & Lucent Technologies

1Gbps•1000m@850nmAsahi glass & Eindhoven Univ. Tech.

10Gbps・100m@850nmFirst extrusion processAsahi glass, Chromis, Keio Univ.

Preform Method

R&D Project of Polymer Devices for Constructing Next-Generation FTTH (METI, 2004-2006)

Hopper for Core PolymerHopper for Clad

Polymer

Preform

Extrusion ProcessPreform Method

A New Co-Extrusion Tower

Hopper for Core and CladPolymer

Diffusion Zone

Control Panel

Å(10-10)

nm(10-9)

µm(10-6)

mm(10-3)

AbsorptionEmission Polarization Scattering


AbsorptionEmission

PMMA

PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

-

High-Power Optical Fiber Amplifier and Laser Zero-Birefringence Polymer


(HSOT) Polymer




Correlation Length


Proposal of Highly Scattered Optical Transmission (HSOT) Polymer

Highly Scattering Optical TransmissionHighly Scattering Optical Transmission(HSOT)(HSOT) PolymerPolymer

(A) PMMA(A) PMMA

Laser Beam

(B) HSOT polymer(B) HSOT polymer

Laser Beam

ScatterersScatterers

1~10 1~10 μμmm

(FIG.1.1, p.11)(FIG.1.1, p.11)

(B) HSOT backlighting system(B) HSOT backlighting system

(A) Conventional backlighting system(A) Conventional backlighting system

Prism sheetPrism sheet

HSOT polymerHSOT polymer

Reflection sheetLamp reflector

Collection sheet(BEF)

Diffusion sheet

LampPrinted dot pattern Transparent

light guide Transparent light guide

HSOT and conventional backlights

HSOT and conventional HSOT and conventional backlightsbacklights

LampLamp56mm56mm

44mm44mm

Conventional Conventional backlightbacklight

HSOT HSOT backlightbacklight

5674 cd/m2 3072 cd/m2

Bluish

YellowishHSOT light pipe

Color dispersion due to general light scattering phenomenon

Is General Concept of Light Scattering Always True?

Photograph of Sunset

0 deg.

90 deg.

α = 69.2

α = 11.5α = 1.7

Mie scattering theoryMie scattering theoryMie scattering theory

λπα /2 r=

( )( )221

2 122)( nn

nbanK ++= ∑

∞

=αα

( ) 2212 8/),( πλθα iiI +=

)(')()(')()(')()(')()(')()(')()(')()(')(

αζαψαψαζαψαψαψαψαζαψαψαζαψαψαψαψ

nnnn

nnnnn

nnnn

nnnnn

mmmmmmb

mmmmmma

−−

=

−−

=

2)1()1(

12

2)1()1(

11

)(cossin

)(cos)1(

12

)(cossin

)(cos)1(

12

⎭⎬⎫

⎩⎨⎧

+++

=

⎭⎬⎫

⎩⎨⎧

+++

=

∑

∑

∞

=

∞

=

θθ

θθ

θθ

θθ

ddPaPb

nnni

ddPbPa

nnni

nn

nn

n

nn

nn

n

(A) (B)

Observation result

0

1

2

3

4

0 3 6 9 12 15

Particle diameter / μm

Scat

terin

g ef

ficie

ncy

435nm

545nm

615nm

(A)

(B)

(435, 545, 615nm mean three peaks in spectrum of a cold fluorescent lamp.)

HSOT polymer

Camera

Scattering

transmitting

Transmitting

Fluorescent lamp

Scattering Efficiency

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from lamp (mm)

Optimized HSOTOptimized HSOTNot optimized HSOTNot optimized HSOT

White

Blue

Yellow

Col

or te

mpe

ratu

re (K

)

Color Dispersion on HSOT Backlights

SONY Vaio Note seriesPanasonic Let’s Note seriesTOSHIBA Dynabook seriesSamsung, Dell etc.

Notebook PCsNotebook PCs Various Mobile DevicesVarious Mobile Devices

Mobile phonesPDAPocket TV

HSOT Polymer Products

Å(10-10)

nm(10-9)

µm(10-6)

mm(10-3)



AbsorptionEmission

PMMA

PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

-



(HSOT) Polymer




Correlation Length


・ Extrusion processing・・・High speed, Low costand zero-birefringence.

Zero-birefringence polymers

・・ Solvent CastingSolvent Casting・・・・・・Low birefringence, Low birefringence, High cost.High cost.

Advantage of zeroAdvantage of zero--birefringence optical polymersbirefringence optical polymers

BirefringenceFlexibility

Light weightLow cost

Figure Polarization property in a birefringent medium.

Changing in pChanging in polarization stateolarization statethrough a birefringent mediumthrough a birefringent medium

Input Polarization

x

ϕ

y

x

z

yy

x

x

Output Polarization

y

Retardation

Anisotropic molecule dopant methodRandom copolymerization method

Random copolymerization

Zero-birefringence copolymer

Positive (+) birefringence monomer

Negative(-) birefringence monomer

MMA / BzMA = 82 / 18 (wt./wt.)

Our proposal of compensating orientationalbirefringence of polymers

Our proposal of compensating Our proposal of compensating orientationalorientationalbirefringence of polymersbirefringence of polymers

C H CHTypical Typical dopantdopant

Drawing

Polarizability ellipsoid of anisotropic molecule

Polarizability ellipsoid of monomer unit

MMA / trans-stilbene = 100 / 3 (wt./wt.)

polarizer analyzer

(a) PMMA

(c) PMMA-trans-stilbene (3 wt.%)

(b) MMA/BzMA=82/18 (wt./wt.)

Injection molded samplesInjection molded samplesInjection molded samples

Photoelastic BirefringencePhotoelastic Birefringence

PolarizersStress is added

Stress is released

ｎ⊥

n//

c : Photoelastic Coefficient

Δσ: Stress

Δn = n// － n⊥= c・Δσ

CH2 C

CH3

C O

O CH3

CH2 C

CH3

C O

O CH2 CF3

CH2 C

CH3

C O

O CH2

Methyl methacrylate(MMA)

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methacrylate (3FMA)

Benzyl methacrylate(BzMA)

trans-stilbene

Anisotropic Dopant

Monomers

OB：Negative

Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic Dopant

Components of Zero-Zero PolymersComponents of ZeroComponents of Zero--Zero PolymersZero Polymers

# OB: Orientational Birefringence

PB: Photoelastic Birefringence

OB：PositivePB：NegativePB：Negative

OB：PositivePB：Positive

OB：PositivePB：Positive

Ternary Copolymers

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Orie

ntat

iona

lbire

fring

ence

(x10

-4)

Pho

toel

astic

bire

frine

nce

(x10

-6）

Orientation function of polymer chains Principal stress differnce (MPa)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

0 0.05 0.1

PMMA

Composition of the zero-zero polymer

P(MMA/3FMA=85/15) + trans-stilbene 2.8 wt%

PMMA

Birefringence of Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic DopantBirefringence of Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic Birefringence of Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic DopantDopant

Simultaneous elimination of the orientational birefringence and photoelasticbirefringence was achieved. Zero-zero polymers that exhibit no birefringence with any orientation of the polymer main chains and in elastic deformation was realized.

Injection MoldingInjection Molding

35mm

35mm

2mmInjection

(a) 230 ˚C (b) 220 ˚C (c) 210 ˚CReave = 2.4 (nm) Reave = 4.7 (nm) Reave = 9.1 (nm)

OrientationalOrientational birefringence increased with a decrease in molding birefringence increased with a decrease in molding temperature. The directions of fast axes were parallel to injectemperature. The directions of fast axes were parallel to injection tion direction.direction.

P(MMA/BzMA = 92/8)

＜＜

Re = Δn x d (= 2mm)Re (nm)150 7.5 ／，＼，―，｜：Fast axes

InjectionInjectiondirectiondirection

d=2mm35mm

35mm

Injection Molded Samples of Binary CopolymerInjection Molded Samples of Binary Copolymer

(a) 230 ˚C (b) 210 ˚C (c) 190 ˚CReave = 0.4 (nm) Reave = 0.5 (nm) Reave = 0.5 (nm)

Ternary copolymer exhibited close to zero birefringence at any Ternary copolymer exhibited close to zero birefringence at any points regardless of molding temperature.points regardless of molding temperature.

Re (nm)50 2.5

／，＼，―，｜：Fast axes

P(MMA/3FMA/BzMA = 52/42/6)

Injection Molded Samples of the Ternary CopolymerInjection Molded Samples of the Ternary Copolymer

Å(10-10)

nm(10-9)

µm(10-6)

mm(10-3)



AbsorptionEmission

PMMA

PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

-



(HSOT) Polymer




Correlation Length


Silica Fiber Core Network

Graded Index Polymer Optical Fiber (GI POF)

High-Speed Internet

High-Speed Internet Core Network

Keio University Network

Telemedicine & Distance LearningRealized with Real-

Time Communication

Concept of “Fiber-to-the-Display” by Photonics Polymer Project at Keio University

Collaborated withGigaHouseTownTM Project

of Keio Engineering FoundationAsahi Glass Co., Ltd.Cisco Systems Inc.Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.IBM JapanKodak Japan Ltd.NTT EastMatsushita Electric Works, Ltd.Mitsubishi CorporationOmron CorporationSekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.Taisei Corporation, etc.

High-Quality Large Screenproposed by Photonics Polymer Project

Photonics Polymer Project

Telemedicine by internistTelemedicine by internist

Internist

Patients at Hiyoshi Campus projected on a screen

Mita campus

EntertainmentSecurityEducation

Education

Vision of the Fiber-to-the-Display Project

Security Entertainment

Medical

Medical

The Status of “Photonics Polymer” was reviewed , and the concept of “Fiber to the Display” was proposed.

SummarySummary

“Face-to-Face Communication”.

We believe that the innovation of giga-bit technologies based on these photonics polymers will bring us back to

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