Status of Lakes in Hyderabad
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Transcript of Status of Lakes in Hyderabad
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Status of lakesin Hyderabad
Presented By:
Nisha Kumari,
Environment Management, (Session-2013-14)
Indian Institute of Science (IISc.), Bangalore
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Content
Introduction (Objective of the project, Methodology, Study Area)
Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance
Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad
Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad
Effect Of Lake Degradation
Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad Legal Framework To Save Lakes
Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad
Case Studies
Way Forward
Acknowledgements
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Introduction
The Hyderabad city, founded in 1591 on the banks of river Musi
Geographical location of Hyderabad is 17.366N Latitude and 78.476E Longi
The city is situated at an attitude of 536 meters (1607 ft.) above sea level.
The city lies in the Deccan Plateau, houses multiple lakes and large water tan
Since the twin city (Secunderabad and Hyderabad) were built on a rocky terrapotential for using groundwater is limited.
The cities are dependent on surface water (lakes)
But from last few decades, the water bodies are shrinking and disappearing.
Their revival is an indispensable component for providing water security to th
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The objective of the project is to study status of lakes inHyderabad
Sub Objectives of the project is to find out: Historical, socio-economical and ecological importance of lakes in Hyderabad
Present Status of Lakes in Hyderabad
Problems faced by lakes in Hyderabad Effect of Lake Degradation in Hyderabad
Strategies for Protection of lakes in Hyderabad
Legal framework to save lakes
Initiatives towards protection and revival of Water Bodies of Hyderabad
Introduction Objective of the project
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SECONDARY RESEARCH
Secondary data was collected from various websites and existing literatures.
Some of the sources referred HMDA website (http://www.hmda.gov.in/)
Soul website (http://www.soulhyd.org/).
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
SaciWaters
Centre for Science and Environment India Ministry of Environment & Forests
National and local news papers
PRIMARY RESEARCH
Qualitative data were collected through interaction with experts.
Introduction Research Methodology
http://www.soulhyd.org/http://www.soulhyd.org/ -
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Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA)jurisdi
Area 7,257 sq. km.
Hyderabadthe capital city of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest grcosmopolitan metropolitan cities in India.
Considering area of the city, it is disproportionately larger than any ur
Centre in the state. With an increase in service sector base, in the city, there is a consequen
increase in the population. Hyderabad recorded rapid population growtlast few decades.
It is ranked as sixth largest and one of the fastest growing metropolitaof India.
Introduction Study Area
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Area of
jurisdiction
GHMC (Inside OuterRing Road)
HUDA 1
HMDA (Area including
outside Ring Road)7
HYDERABAD- ADMINISTRATIVE AREA
Source: https://reader003.{domain}/reader003/html5/0302/5a994c441b4a3/5a994c509b6cb.jpg
S f
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Gross District Domestic Product(GDDP) growth trend- AP Population Growth Trend in G
Introduction Rapid urbanisation, industrialisand population growth in Hyder
1.80
2.55
3.06
3.64
6.81
41.80%
20.20%
18.90%
87.20%
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1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
Yr. 1971 Yr. 1981 Yr. 1991 Yr. 2001 Yr. 201
Population Growth-GHMC
Population (Mn.) Growth in %
1,69,3282,05,239
2,50,169
3,00,384
3,55,368
4,22,541
-
50,000
1,00,0001,50,000
2,00,000
2,50,000
3,00,000
3,50,000
4,00,000
4,50,000
GDDP Growth- AP
GDDP (Rs. In Mn.) Linear (GDDP (Rs. In Mn.))
Sourcs:http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/STATE%20ECONOMY.pdf Source:http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyder
population.html
Di i P j S f L k i H d b d I di I i
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Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importanc
Historical importance
Socio-Economic Importance
Ecological Importance
Di t ti P j t St t f L k i H d b d I di I tit t
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Many big tanks were built by the rulers to meet the water and irrigation the city
Many big tanks were built by the Qutub Shahi rulers (1534-1724 A.D.) and laAsaf Jahi rulers (1724-1948) in and around Hyderabad city.
Some of the big tanks built during those periods are Hussain Sagar, Mir AlamSagar, Jalpalli, Ma-Sehaba Tank, Talab Katta, Osmansagar and Himayatsag
(Rekha Rani, 1999).
Most of the big tanks were constructed by the former rulers or ministers wherminor tanks were built by zamindars.
Importance ofLakes Historical Importance
Di t ti P j t St t f L k i H d b d I di I tit t
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Importance ofLakes Historical Importance
Some of the famous lakes
built during Qutub Shahi
rulers (1534-1724 A.D.)
Hussain Sagar
Was built in 1562 by Sultan Ibrahim Kutb Shah
Most famous and historic lake
First drinking water source for the two cities
A major spot of tourist attractions.
MaSaheba tank (Presently
known as Masab Tank) Built in 1624 A.D. to meet water requirements of t
public
Saroornagar Lake is
known to have been built
in 1624
Built in 1624 with an area of about 5 sq. kms. in th
part of the city.
It is the main water body in the eastern sector of t
Some of the famous lakes
built during Asaf Jahi
rulers (1724-1948)
The Mir Alam tank,
Constructed in 1806, by French engineers during t
Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah Asif Jah III, the
Nizam of Hyderabad state
Supplying plenty of water to the city and the subu
Osman Sagar lake-
constructed in 1920
It was created in 1920 by damming the Musi Rive
It was built to provide water for the twin cities as
save them from floods.
The lake was named after the last Nizram of Hyde
Osman Ali Khan, who also had it built
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Source of drinking water
Sustain traditional urban livelihoods
Source of revenue for state through eco-tourism and water based RecrCentres.
Improve aesthetics of the city and offer scope for nature study
Importance ofLakes Socio-Economic Importance
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Lakes play a very vital role in local hydrology. Some of the ecological imporlakes are as follows:
Lakes contribute significant recharge of ground water and rainwater conserv
Lakes of Hyderabad hold good recreation values and are nesting grounds for the mbirds that pass by Hyderabad every winter.
Lakes are great repository of biodiversity including flora and fauna
Support aquatic life
Regulates and enhance micro-climatic conditions, Keeps local weather conditibalance and surrounding cool
Ecological indicator
Urban flood mitigating structure- Regulates flood waters and minimize economicto flooding
Contribute towards natural remediation of waste waters.
Importance ofLakes Ecological Importance
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Present StatusOf Lakes InHyderabad
Population growth and indust
lead to Encroachments and sh
lakes in Hyderabad
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According to a study conducted by NGRI
Hyderabad (Using remote sensing data obtainedfrom the National Remote Sensing Agency(NRSA))
Hyderabad's growth in the last threedecades has come at the cost of 375 lakesgoing extinct
The HUDA area is having only 531 lakesas compared to the 906 it had in 1982.
A majority of lakes (268 lakes) havevanished between 2002 and 2012.
Of the existent lakes,
267 have a spread of less than fivehectares,
108 have a spread less than 10 hectaresand
The remaining 156 lakes measure morethan 10 hectares
Present Status Shrinking lakes over few de
Satellite map of HUDA showing Shrinking of no. of
last 3 decades:
Lake Spread 1982 1992 2002
5 Hectare 593 534 492
5-10 Hectare 160 146 140
more than 10
hectares153 196 167
Source: Eenadu District Edition, Hyderabad; Article Name- Chivariki Miwhat you have), 1st oct 2013
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All the lakes of Hyderabad are in varying
degrees of environmental degradation.
According to a concerted exercise by the LakeProtection Committee (LPC) the identifiedno. of lakes in HMDA are as follows:
Present Status Data on lakes in Hyderabad
Lakes identified by HMDA in Hyderabad (jurisdi
Area of jurisdiction Area No. of Lakes
GHMC (Inside Outer
Ring Road)
650 sq. km 455
HUDA 1905 sq. Km 531
HMDA (Area including
outside Ring Road)
7,257 sq. km 2857
District Wise Abstract of Lakes Identified in HMDA Area
DistrictsNo of Water Bodies
Inside ORR Outside ORR Total
Hyderabad 23 0 23
Mahaboob Nagar 0 133 133
Medak 44 1278 1322
Nalgonda 0 218 218
Ranga Reddy 388 773 1161
Total 455 2402 2857
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Present Status Present status of some of thbodies
Water body What it is today
Mir Jumla Tank Converted to slum
Maasaab cheruvu and Ramathpura cheruvu Converted to an affluent colony
Yusufguda and Batakammakunta Garbage dumping grounds
Sahebnagar cheruvuv in Hayathnagar Mandal Occupied by influential politicians and l
HUDA
Gopicheruvu at Gacchi Bowli near old Bombay road Converted to town ship by Dyon company
Kanchanbagcheruvu Filled up and a hospital has come up.Some facts about water bodies in Hyderabad
3,245 hectares of lake area was lost between 1989 and 2001 (Anjal Prakash, executive director of Saciwater
Besides the large water bodies, numerous small water bodies in the peri urban zones also shrunk, wh
underwent a wave of real estate growth (Ramachandraiah and Prasad 2008).
People have managed to destroy close to 50 per cent of the wetlands in the city in last 3 decades
Research based on satellite imagery shows water bodies coverage in the city has reduced from 2.5 % to 1.5%
The Famous Hussain Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank which served as a source of drinking water during the N
has been completely polluted.
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Present Status Categorisation of water bodbased on present status
Still used as sourcesof drinking water and
have recreationalpotential
In progressive stages ofdegradation and can be
rehabilitated
Totally reclaimed and lost forever
Osman Sagar
Himayat Sagar
Swaroopnagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank,Sagar; Shameerpet lakes, Noor MohKunta
Mir Jumla Tank,
Ma Sahab Tank and
Batkamma Kunta
Categorisation Lakes
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Status of some of the lakesof Hyderabad
Hamid Khan Kunta, also known a
Banjara Lake, has been encroache
Garbage
Dumping at
Hameed Khan
Kunta Site
The polluted waters of the Hussain Sagar
Lake in Hyderabad raising a stink.
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Problems Faced By Lakes InHyderabad
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Problems FacedBy Lakes
Major factors lead to degrad
of lakes in Hyderabad
Lakepollution
Shrinkingof lake
LakeDegradation
Rapid Urbanisation And Encroachment
Encroachment of lake area, violating urban development nor
Soil Erosion and siltation due to encroachment
Degradation of lake inlet and outlet
Continuous flow of untreated waste water
Sewerage water (Industrial and domestic affluent) is diverted
which leads to pollution, ground water contamination and disDumping of debris and garbage
Washing of clothes in lakes
Invasive weeds
Heavy siltation and pollution due to idol immersion
Lack of knowledge and understanding urban watersheds & h
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Factors contributing towards degradationwater bodies of Hyderabad
Level 1
Population Growth
Urbanisation
Industrial Growth
Level 2
Increasedconcretization
Encroachment
Reduced greeneryof the city
Dumping ofuntreated sewagein the lakes
Idol immersion
Dumping of debrisand garbage
Level 3
Soil Erosion
Silting of Lakes
Degradation of
lake inlet andoutlet
Invasive weed
Lake
Degrada
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Major factors subsequently causing shrinking of lakes at various s
Urbanization/industralization
Population
Growth
RapidConcretization
Encroachment ofLake area
SiltationBlockage of lakeinlet and outlet,
Reduced lake area
Reduced watercarrying capacity
of lake andinfilteration
Shrinking anddisappearing
lakes
Water Crisis,
Inundation
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Factors causing pollution of lakes at various stage
Urbanization/industralization
Population
Growth
IncreasedIndustrial and
domesticaffluent /Garbage
Sewage waterdiverted in thelakes/ Garbage
Dumping
Siltation/ lakePollution
Lake Pollution
ground watercontaminationand diseases
Scarcity of clean
drinking water
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Reasons of encroachment City growth, industrial and urban
spread
Housing colonies are beingconstructed in dried lakes.
According to the govt. rules, if thelakes do not receive water for threeconsecutive years and the lakeremains dry, then the lake area comesunder the jurisdiction of the RevenueDepartment.
Non implementation of buildingregulations and pollution control laws
LAKES CONNECTIVITY AND THEIR ROLE IN PR
INUNDATIONLake inlet and outlet to regulate its flow. A big lake is enco
its large catchment area which contains a number of sm
ponds. These small lakes and ponds are usually intercon
each other along with big lake which helps to maintain the h
these lakes. The interconnecting structures may be the Nal
Water Drains.
Problems FacedBy Lakes
Rapid Urbanisation And
Encroachment
ENCROACHMENT OF WATER CHANNELS
If encroachment occurs along with these nalas/ water chan
will result in restricted flow of water which ultimately res
during big storm events.
Further, the establishments along the nala/ Water channel
their sewage and industrial effluent directly into t
ultimately pollutes lake water. Apart from that, direct disp
Wastes by establishment along the nalas, also causes p
obstructs the flow in hydraulic structures like Inte
Diversions, sewer lines, STPs etc.
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Industrial And Domestic Affluent
Lake Foreshore attracts real estatebusiness for its scenic value; leading directdischarge of untreated municipal andindustrial waste waters.
Almost 80% of Hyderabad's untreatedsewage gets dumped into the city's lakes
Hence the city's drinking water (Manjeera)now demonstrates an alarmingly highpresence of excreta.
municipalities surrounding Hyderabaddischarge all the waste into drains andwater bodies
Pharmaceutical hub at Patancheru thatreleases a huge amount of chemical wasteinto the city's water sources
Solid Waste Dumping
Water bodies are being used as debris dumping
Regular dumping of huge amount of solid wastearea causes clogging and contamination, makesaesthetically unfit for the local residents.
The HUA generates around 3379 tons of solid wday
Problems Faced By Lakes
66%8%
3%
4%
15%
2%1%
1%
Share of Solid Waste Generation-Hyde
House Hold
Domestic
Hotels and
Restaurants
Shops, Commercial
Establishments
Construction waste
Source: Centre for Environmental Studies, JNTU, Hyderabad
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Storm Water Drainage
Natural and man-made drains and waterbodies ultimately discharge surface run-off into lakes and pollute them.
The nalas are the major carriers of stormwater finally disposing into the river andwater bodies in the catchment.
Idol Immersion During Ganesh Chaturt
Several thousands of idols immeevery year during Ganesh ChatuPuja.
The idols decorated with non-bioproducts containing heavy metaand lead which are extremely daecosystem.
According to the study, the immGanesh and Durga idols has polresulting in vector transmitted dlose of biodiversity and aquatic p
Problems Faced By Lakes
Over 50,000 Ganesh idols of various sizes are to be
in the Hussain Sagar lake, the major water body
and about 20 other lakes in the other parts of
and its suburbs.The Hindu-18th Sep 2013
In addition to stormwater discharge thesedrains are also beingused to dischargesullage and septictank overflows
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Effect of lakedegradation
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Effect Of Lake Degradation
Changes In Local Hydrology
Increased rain water runoff and drinking water crisis
Increased instances of water logging and flooding
Rising temperatures due to vanishing water bodies.
Alters Local Weather Conditions
Groundwater contamination due to lake pollution
Loss of traditional livelihoods- fishing and washing
Loss of recreational opportunities
Air pollution due to release of volatile gases and foul smell
Loss of aesthetics
Economic loss due to flooding
Loss of aquatic species
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Effect Of LakeDegradation Changes In Local Hydrology
Sl.No.
Lake degradation/ Factors Effect on hydrology of Hyderabad
1 Rapid siltation of lakes
Reduced no. of water bodies
Loss of rain water retention capacity in lakes
Increased rain /storm water runoff
Reduced ground water recharge
Depletion of Surface and groundwater resource
2 Encroachments on natural nalas /streams and lake bed areas.
Tempering inflow and outflow
channels
Inundations/ Flooding
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Lakes help in recharging aquifers and store the rain water.
In Hyderabad ground water level has depleted due to loss of
water bodies
Hyderabad is facing water crisis in several areas.
Hyderabads early water sources - the Hussain Sagar, Osman
Sagar and Himayat Sagar
The other important sources of water were the Musi and
Manjira rivers.
River Musi is no longer a water source owing to heavy
pollution.
Local self-reliance of waterbreaks down
Local water body sourcesreplaced by distant rivers
Krishna, Godavari, Manjeera
Consequencesexpensive, larger eco-footprints
Effect Of LakeDegradation
Increased Rain Water Runo
Drinking Water Crisis
Water demand and supply in HMDA area
Water DemandTotal water demand as per city agency (HMWSSB)
Per capita water demand as per HMWSSB
Sources And Supply
Water sources
Water sourced from surface sources
Water sourced from groundwater
Total water suppliedPer capita supply
Leakage loss
Actual supply (after deducting leakage losses)
Per capita supply (after leakage losses)
Population served by water supply system
Per capita supply in the served area
Demand-supply gap (after leakage losses)
Source: Anon 2011, 71-City Water-Excreta Survey, 2005-06, C
Environment, New Delhi
Around 70% of HMDA is covered by formal water
supply rest of the areas depend on GW
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Hyderabad Water Supply
Only two lakes of Hyderabad Osman Sag
Himayat Sagar are used for drinking wate High water storage capacity and
Less pollution by the catchment activ
Source: Hyderabad Water-Waste Portraits - Centre for Science and Environment India
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Effect Of LakeDegradation
Increased Instances Of Wate
Logging And Flooding
Masab Tank Situated at the southern foothill limit of Banjara Hills
Converted into a thickly populated residential-cum-
commercial area.
The downstream side of this tank has been
totally converted to residential areas such as
Vijaya Nagar Colony and Shanti Nagar.
During rainy season- there is a problem of
waterlogging and flooding
Many water tanks Hyderabad have been
encroached and converted into residential
and commercial areas
Natural flow of the lake streams are
blocked, resulted in waterlogging andflooding
August 2000 Flood in Hyderabad City
Wettest spell in 92 years due to heavy downpour of
Many of the low-lying areas in Hyderabad were inu
The severity of flooding was due to a Blockage of n
leads and reduction in the carrying capacity of lakes
channels
Waterlogging hotspots during the recent rains, as record
Hyderabad. Traffic Police
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Polluted lake causes vector transmitteddiseases
Causes health hazards in neighborhood.
Fish caught from the polluted lake over aperiod of time is leading to seriousdiseases.
The toxic substances can trigger chronicailments.
When organic compounds of mercury enterhuman body, they concentrate in the brainand destroy the cells which control thecentral nervous system.
Effect Of LakeDegradation Health Hazards
Dead fish float in the waters at Durgam Cheruvu du
of pollution in the lake.
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Need for Lake Conservation To harvests Rainwater and supplement sho
water supply need of Hyderabad
To reduce the waterlogging event and floodinterconnecting the lakes
To improve the heath condition of people livthe lake surrounding
Enhance biodiversity in and around the lak
Increase economic activities through ecotou
recreational opportunities at lake
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Strategies ForProtection OfLakes InHyderabad
LakeProtection
Lake management
Lakerestoration
Three prong strategy
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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Protection
Preventingencroachment (mud,garbage dumping)
Demarcation andidentification of LakeBoundaries and Full
Tank Level
Demarcating theboundary of the waterbody by wire fencing or
boulders to preventfurther encroachment
into the lake beds.
Formation of peripheralbund along the shoreline
of the lakes
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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Management
Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants for treating sewage and lettitreated water into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired le
Restoration of inflow and outflow channels
Diversion of sewer to direct sewage and take in the monsoon water runthe lake.
Separating storm water/ other wastewater from the rain water
Encouraging management and handling of municipal solid waste
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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Management
Beautification of lake bund by landscaping
and plantation
Plantation on the surrounding to preventsoil erosion
Increasing community vigilance andparticipation
Reducing pollution through idolimmersion- Green Ganesha Drive
Environmental education and awareness
o Training and capacity building of the Community around the lake
o Enhancing visitor & student awareness about the natural and cultural
heritage value of the lake
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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Restoration
SourceControl
Treatment ofwatershed orcatchment of
lakes
In laketreatment
Measuresunder taken toimprove quality
of lake water
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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Restoration
Source Control
Soil conservation measures,
Bank/Slope erosion controlmeasures,
Afforestation,
Drainage improvements,
Diversion of silt carrying channelsaway from the lake,
Control of sewage wastes,
Sewage interceptions anddiversions and
Participation of people inwatershed
In lake treatment
De-silting the lake bed by dredging
Pollution level control- through bioreand surface aeration processes.
Reviving the screen barriers and siltinlet channels
De-weeding/hyacinth control or remo(biological, chemical, mechanical and
measures, bio-composting)Composite fish culture/ larvivorous fi
to control mosquitoes
Biological treatment-Floating macropand green cover (trees)
Revival of traditional drainage systemreplenish lake storage and drain out waters
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LeFrameworkSave Lak
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Legal Framework To Save Lakes
Policies for the Conservation ofWater bodies
Acts/Bills for the ConservaWater Bodies
The acts that directly concern wpollution (both surface and undare
The Water Act (1974),
The Water Cess Act (1977) The Environment (Protect
or EPA (1986).
The lakes and water bodies of India are directly influenced by a number of l
regulatory frameworks.
The first National Water Policy wasformed in 1987- Revised in 2002
National Wetland ConservationProgramme(NWCP) in 1983- by MoEF
National Lake Conservation Plan(NLCP) for the conservation of lakes inurban areas-2001 by MoEF
In February 2013, the two programmesNLCP and NWCP has been merged intoa single programme called - NationalPlan for Conservation of AquaticEco-systems
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The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897
The Indian Forest Act, 1927
The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf,
Exclusive Economic Zone
The Water (Prevention and Control Of Pollution) Act, 1977
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Maritime Zones of India (Regulation Of Fishing By
Foreign Vessels)
Forest Conservation Act, 1980
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification
Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 1999 s
The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar,
National Conservation Strategies On E
Development
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Convention on Biological Diversity, Ju
Bonn Convention on the Conservation
Migratory Species of Wild Animals
International Convention for the Protec
National Water Policy, 2002
National Policy for Hydro Power Deve
Convention on Conservation of Migrat
Species of Wildlife Animals (CMS)
Legal Framework ToSave Lakes
List of Acts/Bills for the Conserv
Water Bodies
There are many acts for the conservation of water bodies. However, only a few states in India have pass
implemented bills specifically targeted to the conservation of water bodies.
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Rules for the Conservation of
Water Bodies
Authorities for the
Conservation of Lakes In urban areas, water bodies ar
owned by land owning agencies
Institutions /agencies respofor lakes survival and prote
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Environment and Fo
Agriculture Ministry
Fisheries Ministry and
Other local authorities i.e. MunicCorporations, Development AuthTourism Department, Water SupBoards etc.
Legal FrameworkTo Save Lakes
Rules and legal Authorities
Conservation of Lakes
Ministry of Environment and Forests(MOEF) has also published rules forthe protection the water bodies inIndia.
Under the provisions of theEnvironment (Protection) Act 1986
MOEF issued a set rules forconservation and management ofwetlands (Wetland Rules, 2010).
However, at present the rules areunder review
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Legal FrameworkTo Save Lakes
Andhra Pradesh (A.P) State
Legislations
The Andhra
Governments Water,Land, Tree Act
It empowers state agencies to take steps to protect water bodies and to
prevent conversion. The act also requires measures to permanentlydemarcate the boundaries of the water bodies and to evict and preventencroachments.
The Wetlands(Management and
Conservation) Rules,2010
Issued by: MOEF exclusively for the protection of urban water bodies
Bans prohibited activities which includes conversion of wetlands for othuses, setting up and expanding industries and dumping untreated waswater and any other activity that will have negative impact on the watbodies.
National LakeConservation
Programme (NLCP)
Objective- restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes degra
due to waste water discharge into the lake through an integrated ecosyapproach.
Cost sharing between the Central and the concerned State Governmen70:30.
Banjara Lake (Known as Hameed Khan Kunta) of Hyderabad ispresently covered under NLCP. NLCP is sanctioning an amount of 4.30 crores (from May, 2009) for protection and conservation of this lak
The Andhra Pradesh Regularisation of the Unauthorised Constructions in Municipal Corporations
Municipalities and Urban Development Authorities Act, 2003
The act denies regularisation of unauthorised constructions on lakes and tank beds.
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Major InitiaTowards L
Conservatio
Hydera
Government - Donor Agencies - Local/ International NGOs - Genera
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The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development
Authority (HMDA), with support from
Municipal corporations,
Municipalities
The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply &
Sewerage Board (HMWSSB),
The Andhra Pradesh Transmission
Corporation,
The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure
Corporation,
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport
Corporation,
And other such bodies
Constituted by the Government of Andh
in year 2010 under the chairmanship of
Commissioner, HMDA
Objective: TO cater to the protection of l
Hyderabad Metropolitan Region
Function
Listing of all lakes in HMDA
their FTL demarcation
Removal of existing encroachments in th
foreshore areas,
Improvement of the lakes and their catc
Organising wide publicity and awarenes
for protection of the lakes.
Lake ConservationInitiatives- Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies
Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes
in AP Lake Protection Committee (L
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Lake ConservationInitiatives- Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies
Collection Of Data On Lakes Full Tank Level (FTL) Boundaries De
HMDA has collated data of 2,857 lakes existing inthe Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR) area
HMDA and GHMC had completed demfull tank level (FTL) boundaries of the
455 lakes inside the ORR in coordinati
irrigation and revenue departments
Demarcation of remaining lakes would
shortly
Lake Conservation And Protection
HMDA would take up conservation and protection
of 258 lakes, where FTL demarcation was
completed, in the first phase.
The GHMC would take up conservation and
protection of 128 lakes, HMDA 80 and irrigation
department 50. The shore areas of these water bodies would be
beautified and plantation would be taken up.
The NGRI's help would be taken now on
identifying inlet and outlet channels and Nalas for
the lakes.
Local Lake Protection Cells
Involving stakeholders and local comm
constituted for each lake that will act aand give feedback to HUDA.
The sale and registration of lands in th
covered under notified lakes should be
No development activities should be pe
these areas, which are to be supervised
controlled by HUDA
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Lake ConservationInitiatives- Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies
Sewage Treatment
Sewage generated in Greater Hyderabad
Metropolitan Corporation area ~ 1250 MLD,
Total Sewerage treatment capacity is only 750
MLD.
STPs are treating the dry weather sewage
inflows into the lake and discharge the treated
water into the lake for the purpose of lake
water balance and improve the water quality
in the lakeData on STPs
Capacity No. of STPs
HMWS&SB ~592 MLD 5 STPs
HMDA ~40 MLD 9 STPs
Hussain Sagar Lake and
Catchment Area
Improvement Project (HCIP)
~55 MLD 3 STPs
Improvements To Storm Water
By Municipal Corporation To alleviate the problems of flood
improve lake connectivity
The improvements proposed
Deepening and Widening of
Provision of retaining walls
sections
Prevention of dumping of wa
the Nallas to prevent cloggin
Shifting Polluting Industries Fr
Hyderabad
AP government has decided to sh
polluting industries operating w
Outer Ring Road (ORR) of Hyder
to 45 locations identified outside
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Lake ConservationInitiatives- Hyderabad
Some of the international ag
funded projects
Aid from Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA), under Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment AreaImprovement Project (HCIP)
World Bank-assisted project on Capacity Building andIndustrial Pollution Management Project
Some of the international agencies
funded projects
Other Initi
Several NGOs, Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations and indihave been making representations regarding the environmental pothe lakes, encroachment incidents and other related protection issu
Several PILs have also been filed in this regard and Lok Ayukta hataken Suo-mottocognisance (take notice of the fact on its own) in seinstances
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CASE STUDIESLake Reasons for study
Hussain Sagar Lake One of the largest lakes of Hyderabad
High Historical and recreational Value Situated at the Centre of the twin city of Hyderabad and Secunderabad
Already many studies and lake protection and management work ha
undertaken by Gov. of AP and HMDA under Catchment Area Impro
Project (HCIP) funded by JICA
Hameed Khan Kunta
(Known As Banjara
Lake)
It has suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of sew
from the surrounding commercial and residential colonies
In 2002 the lake was adopted for rejuvenation under the Nationa
Conservation Programme (NLCP) of the Ministry of Environment and
(MoEF)
Noor Mohammed
Kunta
Located in Katedan Industrial Area
Highly polluted due to industrial sewage
Its a dead pond and the lake water had turned into a pink/ red colour
industrial pollutants
NMK is the first and only lake in the country to have been identified for c
by the World Bank-assisted project on Capacity Building and Ind
Pollution ManagementProjectby the Ministry of Environment and Fore
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Case Study I Hussain Sagar Lake
Built during: 1562 AD (450 years old)
Built by: Hussain Sha Walis
Basin area: 240 Sq. KmWater spread area - 4.7 sq.km. and Shoreline Length - 14 kms
Purpose of building: to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city.
In the past 30 years, the lake has shrunk more than 50 % of its original
size (550 ha to 240 ha).
The quality of water in the lake has gradually deteriorated mainly due tothe continual entry of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluent.
Other reasons of pollution are
Cattle washing, vehicle washing, dumping of domestic solid waste
along the shore line as well as the immersion of large numbers of
Ganesh and Durga Idols during festivals
Due to the eutrophication (o
nitrates and phosphates), alg
bad odour, the water body conducive for drinking wa
recreation & pisci-culture
The water from Lake Hussa
now used for horticultural
treatment.
The main threat to the lake is encroachment by both private and
public agencies
STATUS OF LAKE It has recently been developed
into a tourist centre by HUDA
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Standard Vs. Existing water quality of Hussain Sagar Lake
Parameter Units Standard/Prescr
ibed Limit
(Class-B, CPCB)
Existing
Quality
pH 6.5-8.5 7.4
Colour Hazen Unit < 300 50
Turbidity NTU 41
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l > 5 2.3
Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/l 14
Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/l 2
Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 52Volatile Suspension mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 90
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l < 3 30
Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 500 >1600
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 200
Fluorine (as F) mg/l < 1.5
Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.2
Source: Budha Purnima Project, Hyderabad
Case Study I Hussain Sagar Lake
MAJOR SOURCE OF PO
Nalas entering
Hussain Sagar
Lake
No. Name
Domestic sewage 4 Balkapu
Kukatp
Toxic Industrial
Chemicals
1 Kukatp
Municipal solid
Waste (MSW)
4 Balkapu
Kukatp
The quantum of sewage fl owing th r
Nalas to lake are approximately 15
Amount of Sewage treated through
in Balkapur, Kukatpally and Picket
The sewage water is treated by thes
HCIPand tr eated water is released
maintai n the lake water to the desir
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Case Study I Hussain Sagar Lake
Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area
Improvement Project (HCIP)
Led by HMDA to improve the quality of Hussain Sagar
Lake.
Aid from the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA), with an estimated cost of Rs. 310 crores.
The project has five elements. They are:
treatment of inflows,
improvement in quality of lake water,
protection of lakes and nalas incatchment areas,
public awareness and stakeholder
participation,
shoreline cleaning and removal of
floating material.
To improve Lake Ecosystem
Installation of Fountains to increase DO,
Desilting, Dredging,
Removal of aquatic weeds (Water Hyacinth
To prevent encroachment
FTL boundary demarcation,
Fencing, Bund road formation,
Plantation on the surrounding
Constitution of Enforcement cell
To Improve recreation activities
Beautification around lake,
Discharge of treated water into the lake.
To prevent Lake Pollution
Construction and Rehabilitation of Sewera
Organize public awareness campaigns
Prevent pollution through domestic a
activities near Lake Shore.
Measures being followed to improve th
Hussain Sagar Lake under HCIP
Hussain Sagar has recently been developed into a
tourist centre by the Hyderabad Urban
Development Authority (HUDA)
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Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta (KnowBanjara Lake)
Man made tank (4.17 ha) with a maximum depth of 5.0m
(average 3.0 m)
Built in: 1930
Built by: royal elites located in the lake boundaries
Banjara Lake is surrounded by apartment complexes on its
north, a commercial complex and Taj Banjara hotel on thesouth, and some slums and a graveyard on the west.
STATUS OF LAKE
Suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of
sewerages from the surrounding commercial and residential
colonies
It receives about 1.5 MLD sewage discharged by three
upstream colonies namely Udainagar, Gowrishankar and
Ambedkar Colony, with a total population of 9950
The upstream part of the lake is clogged by water hyacinth and garbage.
Decline in water quality resulting int
and algal blooms
Excessive foul smell emanating from
the lake aesthetically unfit for the loc
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Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta (KnowBanjara Lake)
The lake has shrunk over the years due to encroachments and dumping of sewage
Garbage Dumping at lake siteShrinking Lake- Hamid Khan Kunta
Regular waste dumping resulting into clogging and contamination
Heaps of plastics piled on the water body pose a threat to the slum children who
venture into water body for defecation.
Initiatives Taken
In 2002 the lakerejuvenation un
Lake Conserva
of the Ministry
and Forest (MoE
Since then alm
been spent in r
rejuvenation of
limited success.
The Andhra P
Development
(APTDC) in ass
GVK, situated
precinct, has
conservation
plan. To prevent
of lakehttp://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdfhttp://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdf
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Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta (NM
located on NH 7 in the Shivrampally village,
Water spread: 27 acres
The lake is near Kattedan Industrial Estate (KIE) inRajendranagar, being surrounded by textile mills, edible oil
mills and other chemical units (in Katedan Industrial Area).
STATUS OF LAKE
Pollutants coming from industry has turned the water of lake
into a pink/ red colour. The NMK has been dead since years due
to heavy inflow of industrial wastes.
NMK site was heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals, organics, and inorganics and
identified as a hot spot.
Both KIE residents and workers were exposed to health hazards
Due to pollution residents are migrating from the lake into the research field of the Agricultur
University of Hyderabad are located downstream
Water of NMK Lake flows downstream into a system of interlinked lakes and finally pollutes th
Tank.
IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY
Indian express, published on 27th March 2013
http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/World-Bank-funds-for-Remediation-Project-of-Noor-Mohammed-Kunta-Lake-33650.html
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Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta (NM
LAKE CONSERVATION INITIATIVES
Capacity Building and IndustrialPollution Management Project
Funder: TheWorld Bank
Project implementer: Consortium of
Witteveen+Bos, Tauw, COWI A/S and
Kadam Environmental Consultants,
under the name of Pollution Control
Board Consultants (PCBC)Project Timeline
NMK is the first and only lake in the cou
been identified for cleanup by the W
assisted project on CapacityBuilding anPollution Management Project by the
approved by the Cabinet Committee o
Affairs in 2010.
HUDA took up the construction of a sewag
treatment plant (STP) for treatment of dom
sewage generated in the catchment area. T
was completed in the month of January 20
expenditure of Rs. 6.95 crores.Remediation works were
supposed to start
In September
2013
The first phase will be completed by March 2014
The second phase will be
completed
by 2015-end.
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PROPOSED REMEDIATION METHODS
Removal of toxic sediments
Construction of a sediment trap is recommended at the inletof the drains from KIE to the lake NMK.
Not only the lake should be remediated, also the sediment of
stagnant waters and open drains in KIE will have to be
remediated in order to clean the environment.
A ll h igh ly tox ic sedimen ts wou ld be ddewatered and contained withintubes of g
Waste Removal
Waste should be removed from the open (hillock) spaces to
prevent and stop ongoing dispersion of toxic substances to the
environment.
In KIE about 3,500 m3 of temporarily s
will be collected and disposed to an off-sit
Municipal Solid Waste.
Behavioural-based mitigation measures
Since it is not possible to remove all topsoil from the industrial plots and the open spaces, it is recommen
prevent further pollution of the site
Taking behavioural-based mitigation measures will help in reduction of lead and chromium health ri
ingestion
Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta (NM
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.
Application Of Geo-Textile Tubes
.Filling, Dewatering and refilling
The sludge is pumped into the tubes, and the
dewatering begins
The tube is left alone for a period of time
until it has dewatered enough so that more
sludge can be pumped into it.
The refilling can be done as many times as
necessary.
Disposal
Once it has been determined that the
dewatering process has accomplished the tubes
can be cut open and the solids can be
appropriately disposed off.
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Way ForwardStrategic integrated management action plans and effective coordination between the distakeholders
The national and state policies in respect of water and environment need to be integrated
Standards for lake and reservoir management have to be framed.
Restoration project needs to give emphasis on the restoration of the catchments of lakes.
Stakeholder participation and capacity building - an important instrument for better maof water bodies.
Active involvement of all the stakeholders like Corporates, Resident Welfare AssociationEducation Institutions, Health organizations, NGOs and other agencies etc.for speedyof the mandated works regarding Lake Protection and to ensure the sustainability of pro
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Acknowledgements
I am heartily thankful to-
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra, Centre for Continuing Education, Indian InstituteScience (IISc.) Bangalore, for assigning me with the dissertation project onStatus of Lakes in Hyderabad as part of the Environmental ManagemenCourse (2013-14).
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Khajuria, Member environment- HMDA, Dr. M.J. NaSr. Scientist & Head, PME - CSIR- NGRI, Mr. K. Srinivas, Technical Offic(QAT), HMWSSB for spending their valuable time and support inconceptualizing this study.
Mr. Satheesh Arjilli, AVP, BASICS Ltd. for his guidance and continuoussupport.
People who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of thproject
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Thank You