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Status and perspectives of rural advisory services systems in Central Asia
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Transcript of Status and perspectives of rural advisory services systems in Central Asia
Climate Smart Agriculture Central Asia Workshop12-14 July : Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Status and perspectives of Rural Advisory Services Systems in Central Asia
Dr. Alisher Tashmatov, CACAARIDr. Botir Dosov, ICARDA, CACAARI, CAC-FRAS
The five Central Asian countries are … most vulnerable to climate change and building resilience to climate’s mounting impacts is a priority for poverty reduction and shared prosperity in Central Asia. [World Bank, 2015]
"As climate changes, we need to step up efforts to mitigate, adapt and shift to more food sustainable systems“ José Graziano da Silva, DG FAO
The consequences of climate change have a negative impact on agriculture in the region… In this regard, the AR4D system of the CAC focuses joint efforts on four main goals of agricultural research: well-being, FSN, NRM and CC… [Regional Strategy for Transforming and Strengthening of Agricultural Research and Innovation Systems for Development in the Central Asia and Southern Caucasus region]
One of the Key risks of development of agri-food system is the affect of climate change to the soil degradation, i.e. the high level of dependence of agriculture on soil and climatic conditions, especially in conditions of increasing weather fluctuations is shuttering the sustainability of agricultural production… [The Concept of Innovative development of Agriculture of the Republic of Tajikistan]
Agricultural research, extension, education, and training are key components of an AIS. [World Bank, Agricultural Innovation Systems, An Investment Sourcebook, 2012]
Climate Change is real challenge for Central Asia:
Leonardo DiCaprio calls for action on #climatechange
during his acceptance speech. #Oscars
Current challenges of agriculture and food security and nutrition in CAC:
Climate Change
Soil degradation and erosion
Food and Nutrition insecurity
Unorganised Farming systems
Unorganised Market
systems
Low Innovative
capacity
Poor access to innovations
Low investments
in AR4D
Poor transport logistic system
Undeveloped Extension services
Urbanization
Poor soil productivity
Inefficient farming
practices
Undeveloped insurance
system
Low investments in farming
High cost of production
Lack of new varieties and
breeds
Inefficient NRM
Undeveloped seed system
Poor access to financial resources
Obsolete mechanization
Low farming productivity
Institutional inefficiency
Labor migration
Protracted reforms
Mulnutrition
Slow development
of private sector
Low water and food
safety
Poor integration
Poor interactions /
linkages
Lack of new varieties and
breeds
Diseases of plants and
animals
Emerging/future challenges of agriculture and food security and nutrition in CAC:
Climate Change
Soil degradation and erosion
Food and Nutrition insecurity
Unorganised Farming systems
Unorganised Market
systems
Low Innovative
capacity
Poor access to innovations
Low investments
in AR4D
Poor transport logistic system
Undeveloped Extension services
Urbanization
Poor soil productivity
Inefficient farming
practices
Undeveloped insurance
system
Low investments in farming
High cost of production Inefficient NRM
Undeveloped seed system
Poor access to financial resources
Obsolete mechanization
Low farming productivity
Institutional inefficiency
Labor migration
Protracted reforms
Mulnutrition
Slow development
of private sector
Low water and food
safety
Poor integration
Poor interactions /
linkages
Climate Change
Soil degradation and erosion
Food and Nutrition insecurity
Unemploy-ment in rural
areasUrbanization
Low Innovative
capacity
Poor access to innovations
Increased chemical usage
in food production
GMO
Environmental Pollution
Poor soil productivity
Lost of local knowledge
Economic and food crises
Low investments in farming
Inefficient pest
management
Volatility of prices for
commodities, resources
Irrigation water
scarcity
Anthropogenic and natural disasters
Inefficient postharvest technologies
MulnutritionLow water and food
safety
Poor integration & cooperation
Hous
ehol
ds
Rura
l & A
gr p
opul
atio
n
Farmers (women and men, youth)
Vulnerable people
FSNImproving livelihoods
Climate Change
Population Growth
Global Economic
crises
Inve
stmen
tsInfrastructure
Education Extension/RAS
Agro-information
systems
Integr. pest Mngt
NRM
Vege-tables
Horti-culture
Climate Change
Salinity and
erosion
Varieties seed
system
Breeds and forage
Science & research
Crop system
Live-stock
Fishery
Sustainable development
Donors Private sectorPublic Sector
Agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctivi
ty g
row
th
Inco
me
and
retu
rn in
crea
se
Re-investing of AIS
Technolologization of Agriculture
Inno
vativ
e &
tech
nolo
gica
l bre
akth
roug
h
Valu
e ch
ain
func
tiona
l effi
cien
cy
Resource suppliers
Markets
Machinery Varieties, seed, breed
Harvesting, Storage, Porcessing, Transportation
Micro-financing
Govern-ment
support
Regulat
ory fra
mework
Institutional
coordinationcooperation
interaction
communication
Online discussions: The role of Agricultural Innovation Systems in Central Asia and Caucasus countries and China towards more sustainable food security and nutrition
http://www.fao.org/fsnforum/eca/en/online-discussion-role-agricultural-innovation-systems-central-asia-and-caucasus-countries-and-china
Онлайн-дискуссия "Роль Аграрных Инновационных Систем в странах Центральной Азии и Кавказа и Китае в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности и питания"
06 May 2015 – 09 June 2015
2015, Online Discussions AIS 4 FSN:
National Agricultural innovation System:
Consumers
Processors
Agricultural enterprises
Resource suppliers
Financing and Insurance system
Other Stakeholders
Agricultural science
ExtensionAgricultural education
Producers/ farmers
Government
support
Critically under-resourced and not
institutionalized extension
Source: Modified from World Bank, 2012; Rivera et al. n.d.
in CAC
in less developed countries
in developed countries
2.4% inAR4D
0.58% inAR4D
0.1% in
AR4D
Agricultural Research System Potential for Development
CACAARI, 2012
Defining feature and approaches
NARSNational agricultural
research systems
AKISAgricultural
knowledge and information systems
AISAgricultural innovation
systems
Actors Research organizations Farmer, research, extension, and education
Wide spectrum of actors
Outcome Technology invention and transfer
Technology adoption and innovation
Different types of innovation
Organizing principle Using science to create new technologies
Accessing agricultural knowledge
New uses of knowledge for social and economic change
Mechanism for innovation Technology transfer Knowledge and
information exchange Interaction and innovation among stakeholders
Role of policy Resource allocation, priority setting
Linking research, extension, and education
Enabling innovation
Nature of capacity strengthening
Strengthening infrastructure and human resources
Strengthening communication between actors in rural areas
Strengthening interactions between all actors; creating an enabling environment
Source: Modified from World Bank, 2012
Approaches to Promote and Invest in Knowledge in the Agriculture Sector
Challenges of Rural Advisory Services (RAS) in CAC:
Poor RAS Institutional
environment
Poor access to RAS
Low investments
in RAS
Poor linkages between RAS and Research
Low awareness of RAS
effectiveness
Lack of result orientation
Low capacity of RAS agents
Low application of
ICT in RAS
Poor material base of RAS
Low PPP
Low payment capacity of
farmers
Lack of public Support
Poor access to Knowledge and
information
Lack of Innovations Platforms
Undeveloped legislative framework
Poor integration
between sectors
Limited RAS
Lack of international
Support
Lack of coordination
1. Government: Ministry of Agriculture, Agency on Land Reclamation, Academy of agricultural sciences, Scientific Production Center, etc.
Three main types of Rural Advisory Services in Central Asia:
1. Government
3. Donors
2. Non-governmentPublic / Private
2. Non-Government/ Public and private: Association of farmers, professional agricultural consultants, water users, agro business, cooperatives of agronomists, independent consultancy centres, specialized NGOs, agro shops (suppliers of productions equipment), local distributors of people`s knowledge.
3. Donors` projects: World Bank, FAO, ADB, GIZ, USAID, FAO, JICA, UNDP, EU, Agakhan Fund, International NGOs, Mercy Corps, ACTED, Care, Oxfam, Helvetas and others: Project/Program based Consultancy services to households and farmers
4. Public Private Partnerships
Other types of Rural Advisory Services in Central Asia:
1. Government
3. Donors
2. Non-governmentPublic / Private
5. Donors supported initiatives leading by NGO
6. Sector-wide and large investment projects
4
5
67
7. Plurastic RAS System
Examples of existing e-platforms providing agricultural knowledge and services in Central Asia
Web-address Scope Founders/Supporters
KZ http://www.kazagro.kz/
JSC «Kazagromarketing» national agricultural market information and consulting services.
JSC "National management holding "KazAgro"
KG http://www.agro-asia.com Agro-information
consulting company
Association of Fruit and Vegetable Enterprises of Kyrgyzstan
TJ http://www.agroinform.tj
Agricultural Information Marketing System in Tajikistan
Helvetas, ICCO, UNDP, DED, and others
UZ
http://agriculture.uz/Agricultural Internet resources, information and consulting services
CACAARI, MAWR of Uzbekistan, FAO, Agroweb-UZ, Asssociation of farmers, and others
CA
http://www.cacilm.org/
Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management, information repository and knowledge hub
IFAD, ICARDA
CAC http://www.agrowebcac.org/
Interactive portal for agriculture information and knowledge sharing
FAO
Potential of ICTin Central Asia
Various statistics(Latest data available: 2013)
Source: ITU
KZ KG TJ TM UZ
Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 26.7 8.3 5.2 11.5 6.9
Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 180.5 121.4 91.8 116.9 74.3
Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 11.6 1 0.1 0 1.1
Mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 56.6 22.7 n/a 0 20.3
Households with a computer (%) 63 20 4.5 15.1 9.3
Households with Internet access at home 55 7.7 4.3 7.5 9.5
Individuals using the Internet (%) 54 23.4 16 9.6 38.2
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