STATISTICS SINGAPORE - Foreign Direct …...Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore (Millions of S$)...
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FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
ISSN 2591-7404
© Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade & Industry, Republic of Singapore
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publication is accredited as the source. Please refer to the Statistics Singapore Website
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conditions of use of this publication.
Statistical activities conducted by the Singapore Department of Statistics are
governed by the provisions of the Statistics Act (Cap. 317). The Act
guarantees the confidentiality of information collected from individuals and
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Chief Statistician. The Act is available in the Department’s Website
(www.singstat.gov.sg).
PREFACE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
iii
The Singapore Department of Statistics publishes statistics on foreign direct
investment position in Singapore. The data are primarily based on administrative records
of government agencies, including financial accounts which companies file with the
Accounting and Corporate Regularity Authority (ACRA). These data were first released
in the publication Foreign Equity Investment in Singapore, 1980-1989 in 1992. Since
then, the data are published on an annual basis.
The report, Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore 2018, which contains the
key findings of the stock of foreign direct investment in the corporate sector in 2018 is
presented in two sections. The first section discusses the composition, growth and level
of foreign direct investment in Singapore. A technical note to explain the source, scope
and coverage of data, as well as the concepts and definitions of terms used, is provided in
the second section. For users who are interested in data on Singapore’s overseas
investment, these are available in another publication Singapore’s Direct Investment
Abroad.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation and all who have contributed
towards this publication.
Wong Wee Kim
Chief Statistician
Singapore
Jan 2020
iv
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CONTENTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
v
Page
PREFACE iii
KEY INDICATORS vi
I FINDINGS
Overall 1
FDI by Sector 2
Geographical Distribution 4
Europe 5
Asia 6
North America 7
Oceania 7
II TECHNICAL NOTES 8
III APPENDIX 15
List of Activities
NOTES
The Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore contains statistics that are the
most recent available at the time of its preparation.
Numbers may not add up to the totals due to rounding.
Industries are classified according to the Singapore Industrial
Classification (SSIC) 2015 (Version 2018).
Values are shown in Singapore dollars (unless otherwise stated).
Some statistics, particularly those for the most recent time periods, are
provisional and may be subjected to revisions in later issues.
vi
Key Indicators of Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore, 2014-2018
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore (Millions of S$) (Stock as at Year-End)
Total 1,112,348 1,267,981 1,352,400 1,567,307 1,736,796
Direct Equity Investment 1,005,274 1,163,634 1,214,385 1,418,896 1,589,988
Net Lending from Foreign Direct Investors 107,074 104,347 138,015 148,411 146,808
Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore (Millions of S$) (Stock as at Year-End)
Top 15 Sources (based on 2018)
United States 192,312 243,060 279,679 336,514 289,030
Cayman Islands 80,917 98,397 106,904 145,204 214,075
British Virgin Islands 105,903 109,942 117,262 125,049 128,830
Netherlands 70,063 99,821 102,186 115,226 122,060
Japan 110,106 115,247 91,707 97,742 114,913
Luxembourg 42,591 48,713 65,533 68,685 104,573
United Kingdom 62,181 60,142 66,856 84,897 95,578
Bermuda 40,516 51,425 56,781 65,090 77,114
Switzerland 44,348 48,404 40,079 38,687 60,666
Hong Kong 50,218 48,713 56,012 61,285 60,577
Mainland China 16,002 22,689 23,806 39,696 40,910
Malaysia 32,518 32,395 35,162 37,623 39,464
India 25,759 23,904 18,454 22,181 26,654
Mauritius 19,486 22,061 25,124 24,470 25,540
Germany 17,755 18,597 17,430 21,606 23,428
Foreign Direct Investment By Activity in Singapore (Millions of S$) (Stock as at Year-End)
Total 1,112,348 1,267,981 1,352,400 1,567,307 1,736,796
Manufacturing 156,996 166,793 169,963 181,736 221,650
Construction 3,945 3,541 4,057 4,784 6,349
Wholesale & Retail Trade 240,617 286,022 295,298 279,367 272,010
Accommodation & Food Service Activities 5,314 6,366 6,502 6,798 6,318
Transport & Storage 38,409 40,505 27,911 29,846 32,145
Information and Communications 17,858 20,876 18,991 31,943 36,039
Financial and Insurance Services 517,450 583,611 670,005 861,257 927,890
Financial Services 501,984 565,599 650,235 841,182 906,823
Holding Companies 442,603 502,993 578,927 767,337 831,210
Real Estate Activities 37,128 34,274 38,687 41,923 45,766
Professional, Scientific & Technical, 81,908 111,171 105,930 114,311 174,792
Administrative & Support Services Activities
Others 12,724 14,822 15,056 15,342 13,836
FINDINGS
Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
1
Overall
-100
100
300
500
700
900
1,100
1,300
1,500
1,700
1,900
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
S$ b
illio
n
Direct Equity Investment Net Lending from Foreign Direct Investors
CAGR=11.8%
Direct Equity Investment
91.5%
Net Lending from Foreign Direct Investors
8.5%
Total FDI $1,736.8 bil
The stock of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Singapore grew by 10.8 per cent to reach
$1,736.8 billion as at end 2018. The growth was attributed to an increase in equity
investment. Between 2014 and 2018, the FDI stock grew at a compounded annual growth
rate (CAGR) of 11.8 per cent.
FDI in Singapore was mainly funded by equity investment, which comprises paid-up
capital and attributable reserves. As at end 2018, direct equity investment accounted for
the bulk ($1,590.0 billion or 91.5 per cent) of FDI stock in Singapore. Net lending made
up the remaining 8.5 per cent ($146.8 billion).
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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FDI by Sector
Financial & Insurance Services, $927.9 bil, 53.4%
Wholesale & Retail Trade, $272.0 bil, 15.7%
Manufacturing, $221.7 bil, 12.8%
Professional, Scientific & Technical, Administrative
& Support Services$174.8 bil, 10.1%
Real Estate Activities, $45.8 bil, 2.6%
Information & Communications,
$36.0 bil, 2.1%
All Other Sectors, $58.6 bil, 3.4%
As at end2018
Financial & Insurance Services, $861.3 bil, 55.0%
Wholesale & Retail Trade, $279.4 bil, 17.8%
Manufacturing, $181.7 bil, 11.6%
Professional, Scientific & Technical, Administrative
& Support Services, $114.3 bil, 7.3%
Real Estate Activities, $41.9 bil, 2.7%
Information & Communications,
$31.9 bil, 2.0%
All Other Sectors, $56.8 bil, 3.6%
As at end2017
The industrial distribution of FDI in Singapore as at end 2018 was comparable to that
in the previous year. The financial & insurance services sector remained as the top
sector ($927.9 billion or 53.4 per cent). This was followed by the wholesale & retail
trade, manufacturing and professional, scientific & technical, administrative & support
services sectors. Collectively, the top four sectors accounted for 91.9 per cent of FDI
stock as at end 2018, compared to 91.7 per cent in the previous year
Most sectors, with the exception of wholesale & retail trade, registered increases in their
FDI stock as compared to the previous year.
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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Manufacturing
The FDI in manufacturing
sector grew by 22.0 per
cent (or $39.9 billion) in
2018, due to strong
growth in FDI in the
manufacturing of
computer, electronic &
optical products and
pharmaceutical &
biological products
industries.
Between 2014 – 2018, the
FDI in manufacturing
sector recorded a CAGR
of 9.0 per cent.
Financial & Insurance
Services
The financial and
insurance services sector
recorded a CAGR of 15.7
per cent between 2014
and 2018.
FDI in the financial and
insurance services sector
was mainly in holding
companies. In 2018,
holding companies
contributed 89.6 per cent
($831.2 billion) to the FDI
within the financial and
insurance services sector.
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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Geographical Distribution
Europe32.1%
South and Central America and the
Caribbean 26.3%
Asia20.6%
North America17.8%
Africa1.6%
Oceania1.4%
As at end 2018
Europe29.5%
South and Central America and the
Caribbean 23.6%
Asia22.6%
North America21.0%
Africa1.7%
Oceania1.4%
As at end 2017
Non-EU 23.2%
EU-28 76.8%
Europe continued to be Singapore’s top investor, contributing 32.1 per cent (or $558.1 billion)
to the total FDI stock in Singapore as at end 2018. Within Europe, the bulk of FDI stock came
from the European Union (EU-28) member states ($428.4 billion or 76.8 per cent).
South and Central America and the Caribbean ($457.5 billion), Asia ($357.1 billion) and
North America ($309.1 billion) were the other major FDI source regions. In total, they
contributed 64.7 per cent of the total FDI stock in Singapore as at 2018.
North America’s share of total FDI stock fell from 21.0 per cent as at end 2017 to 17.8 per
cent as at end 2018. This can largely be attributed to a decline in attributable reserves of U.S.
affiliates, leading to a drop in FDI stock from the United States.
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0
Switzerland
UnitedKingdom
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Europe
S$ bil
Manufacturing
Wholesale & Retail Trade
Financial & Insurance Services
Professional, Scientific & Technical, Administrative & Support Services
All Other Sectors
Europe
Netherlands ($122.1 billion), Luxembourg ($104.6 billion), United Kingdom ($95.6 billion),
and Switzerland ($60.7 billion) continued to be the top investors from Europe, collectively
accounting for 68.6 per cent of FDI stock from Europe.
FDI from Europe were predominantly in the financial & insurance services, professional,
scientific & technical, administrative & support services and wholesale & retail trade sectors,
which made up 75.0% of total FDI stock from Europe.
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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- 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0
India
Malaysia
Mainland China
Hong Kong
Japan
Asia
Manufacturing
Wholesale & Retail Trade
Transport & Storage
Financial & Insurance Services
All Other Sectors
Asia
Japanese investors contributed about one-third of Asian FDI stock in Singapore (at $114.9
billion). They mainly invested in the financial & insurance services and wholesale & retail
trade sectors. Hong Kong, Mainland China, Malaysia and India were the other major Asian
investors, unchanged from the previous year.
The financial & insurance services and wholesale & retail trade sectors accounted for 76.5%
of total FDI stock from Asia.
S$ bil
FINDINGS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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- 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0
Canada
United States
North America
S$ bil
Manufacturing
Wholesale & Retail Trade
Financial & Insurance Services
All Other Sectors
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
New Zealand
Australia
Oceania
Manufacturing
Wholesale & Retail Trade
Transport & Storage
Financial & Insurance Services
All Other Sectors
$ bil
Oceania
FDI from Australia ($18.7
billion) and New Zealand
($2.3 billion) were mostly
in the financial &
insurance services sector.
North America
FDI from the United
States totalled $289.0
billion as at end 2018,
accounting for 93.5 per
cent of North America’s
FDI in Singapore
Foreign investors from the
United States and Canada
primarily invested in the
financial & insurance
services sector.
TECHNICAL NOTES
Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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Objective
The statistics presented in this report are compiled primarily using administrative
records of government agencies, supplemented with returns from the Survey of Foreign
Debt and Financial Derivative Transactions conducted annually by the Department of
Statistics. The statistics are used extensively by the government, business community and
academicians in their policy-making, business planning and research. The data are also
used as inputs for the compilation of Singapore’s International Investment Position (IIP)
and Balance of Payments (BOP) statistics.
Legal Authority
The survey is conducted under the Statistics Act (Chapter 317), which makes the
submission of returns mandatory. Individual returns received are kept in confidence in
accordance with the Statistics Act.
Administrative Data
Data on the foreign direct equity investment of companies were obtained from
financial statements and records filed by companies with the Accounting and Corporate
Regulatory Authority (ACRA).
Year of Reference
The period of reference is the calendar year. However, for enterprises whose
accounting year differed from the calendar year, they were asked to report according to
the accounting or financial year covering the major part of the calendar year.
Type of Business Activity
The type of business activity refers to the principal activity undertaken by the
enterprise. The principal activity is defined as the one in which the enterprise devotes
most of its resources or from which it derives most of its income. The classification of
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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the principal activity of the enterprise is based on the “Singapore Standard Industrial
Classification, 2015 (Version 2018)”.
Currency Valuation
Singapore’s investment statistics are expressed in Singapore dollars.
Administrative data and survey returns which are submitted in foreign currencies are
converted to Singapore dollars.
Concept of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
The conceptual framework used in compiling Singapore’s Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) statistics is based on International Monetary Fund’s Balance of
Payments Manual (BPM).
What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?
FDI is the category of international investment that reflects the objective of an
entity (direct investor) resident in one economy obtaining a lasting interest in an enterprise
(direct investment enterprise) resident in another economy.
The lasting interest implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the
direct investor and the direct investment enterprise and a significant degree of influence
on the management of the direct investment enterprise.
The direct or indirect ownership of 10% or more of the voting power of an
enterprise resident in one economy by an investor resident in another economy is evidence
of such a relationship.
What is FDI in Singapore?
FDI in Singapore refers to an investment in which a foreign direct investor owns
10% or more of the ordinary shares or voting power in a Singapore direct investment
enterprise.
Why the 10% threshold?
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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There may be situations of an investor owning 10% or more of the ordinary shares
of an enterprise but not having an effective voice in the management, or an investor
owning less than 10% of the ordinary shares or voting power of an enterprise but having
an effective voice in the management. However, the recommended threshold of 10% is
to ensure statistical consistency and comparability across countries.
What does FDI measure?
FDI includes the initial equity transaction and position that meets the 10%
threshold and all subsequent financial transactions between the direct investor and the
direct investment enterprise. FDI is not limited to equity investment, and also includes
reinvested earnings and inter-company debt.
Direct investment is a financial concept and is not the same as capital expenditure
on fixed assets. Assets of the direct investment enterprises that are financed by local
borrowing are also not included.
What is FDI stock by country?
FDI stock, in this publication, refers to the value of direct investment position as
at the end of the reference period.
The geographical origins of the investors are established based on their residential
or registered addresses. Foreign investment is recorded according to the immediate
country source based on the recommendations of the BPM. For example, if Country A
invests in Singapore through Country B, it would be recorded as an investment from
Country B (immediate) and not Country A (ultimate).
How different is FDI compared to Investment Commitments?
Other measures of investment include investment commitments or intentions, and
authorised and realised investments. The basic differences between FDI and investment
commitments or intentions are the timing and extent that the transactions will take place.
FDI is recorded only when a direct investment transaction takes place. The basic
difference between FDI and authorised and realised investment is the extent of external
financing by the direct investment enterprise in the reporting economy and the extent of
reinvested earnings. FDI does not measure the liabilities of the direct investment
enterprise to external parties, such as financing from financial institutions. Retained
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
11
earnings, an important component of FDI, are not included in investment commitments,
authorised and realised investment statistics.
As an illustration, let us assume a foreign investor has committed $100 million to
set up a manufacturing plant in Singapore. During the year, the investor injected funds
amounting to $30 million of which $20 million was borrowings by the manufacturing
plant from a local bank. In this case, investment commitments or intentions amounting to
$100 million and authorised and realised investment amounting to $30 million would be
recorded while FDI of $10 million would be recorded.
In summary, FDI statistics compiled by DOS are different from data on
investment commitments or authorised and realised investments usually compiled by
investment promotion agencies. Although there are differences between the two sets of
statistics, data on investment commitments may be used to provide a quick assessment of
the FDI trends in Singapore.
Under what circumstances will stock of FDI in Singapore decline?
The stock of FDI in Singapore may decline due to:
a) partial/complete divestment in Singapore direct investment enterprise by foreign
direct investors
b) Singapore direct investment enterprise buying back its shares from the foreign
direct investor
c) Singapore direct investment enterprise is operating at a loss
d) dividends distributed by Singapore direct investment enterprise are higher than
current earnings recorded
e) redemption of inter-company loans from foreign direct investors by Singapore
direct investment enterprises
f) valuation changes and/or currency translation changes.
Under which circumstances are negative FDI in Singapore recorded?
Negative stock of FDI in Singapore may be recorded when:
a) the Singapore direct investment enterprise has negative reserves
b) the value of loans/debt securities from the Singapore direct investment enterprise
to the foreign direct investors is higher than the value of loans/debt securities from
the foreign direct investors to their Singapore direct investment enterprise.
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
12
Definition of Terms
Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI)
FDI is a category of investment that reflects the objective of
establishing a lasting interest by an enterprise (direct investor)
resident in one economy in an enterprise (direct investment
enterprise) resident in another economy.
FDI in Singapore FDI in Singapore refers to an investment where a foreign direct
investor owns 10% or more of the ordinary shares or voting
power in a Singapore enterprise.
FDI comprises foreign direct equity investment and the net
lending between the foreign direct investor and the Singapore
enterprise.
Direct Investor A direct investor is an entity resident in one economy that has
acquired, either directly or indirectly, at least 10% of the voting
power of an enterprise resident in another economy.
Direct Investment
Enterprise
A direct investment enterprise is an enterprise resident in one
economy and in which an investor resident in another economy
owns, either directly or indirectly, 10% or more of its voting
power.
Subsidiary, Direct
Investment
Enterprise
A subsidiary is a direct investment enterprise in which an
investor owns at least 50% of its voting power.
Associate, Direct
Investment
Enterprise
An associate is a direct investment enterprise in which an
investor owns at least 10% but less than 50% of the voting
power.
Branch, Direct
Investment
Enterprise
A branch is an unincorporated direct investment enterprise
resident in an economy and fully owned by its direct investor in
another economy.
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
13
Affiliate, Direct
Investment
Enterprise
Subsidiaries, associates and branches of a direct investor are
collectively known as affiliates of the direct investor.
Equity Capital Equity capital covers all components of shareholders’ funds
(proportionate to the percentage of shares held), including
equity, contributed surplus, reinvested earnings, revaluations, as
well as any reserve accounts.
The amount of equity capital is compiled based on market value.
Foreign Direct
Equity Investment
Foreign direct equity investment in Singapore refers to equity
capital in Singapore direct investment enterprises attributable to
foreign direct investors.
For branches of non-resident banks, their net fixed assets are
used as a proxy of equity capital. For branches of other non-
resident entities, the net amount owed by branches to their non-
resident head office is used.
Debt Securities Debt securities include bonds, debentures, commercial paper,
promissory notes and other tradable non-equity securities.
Net Lending Net lending refers to the net inter-company debt transactions
between a direct investor and its direct investment enterprise.
Income of Foreign
Direct Investment
Income of FDI consists of earnings on equity investment (i.e.
non-resident direct investor’s share in the net income or
earnings of its resident direct investment enterprises) plus net
income on debt between direct investors and direct investment
enterprises.
Income on equity consists of distributed earnings and reinvested
earnings, whereby earnings comprise:
• net operating surplus (NOS)
• net interest receivable
• dividend income receivable
• reinvested earnings receivable
• net current transfers receivable
TECHNICAL NOTES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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It does not include any realised or unrealised holding gains or
losses arising from valuation changes (including exchange-rate-
related gains and losses), revaluations of fixed assets, or changes
in market prices of financial assets and liabilities. It also does
not include gains and losses due to other changes in volume of
assets, such as write-offs of intangibles, write-offs of bad debts,
and uncompensated seizures of assets. Income on equity is
measured after deducting corporate taxes as corporate taxes
come under current transfers.
Distributed
Earnings
Distributed earnings consist of dividends and distributed branch
profits. Distributed earnings can be paid out of current or past
earnings and may result in negative reinvested earnings if the
distribution of dividends exceeds total earnings in a particular
reference period.
Reinvested
Earnings
Reinvested earnings refer to earnings on equity accruing to
direct investors less distributed earnings, proportionate to the
percentage ownership of the equity owned by the direct
investor(s).
Return on Foreign
Direct Investment
The return on FDI is a measure of the profitability of direct
investment enterprises. Return on FDI is the ratio of the current
year income of FDI to the average of the FDI position in the
current and preceding years.
Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore
Singapore
APPENDIX
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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15
LIST OF ACTIVITIES
SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
MANUFACTURING
Food, Beverages & Tobacco
10 Manufacture of Food Products
11 Manufacture of Beverages
12 Manufacture of Tobacco Products
Textiles, Wearing Apparel & Leather
13 Manufacture of Textiles
14 Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Manufacture of Articles of Fur;
Manufacture of Knitted and Crocheted Apparel
15 Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Dressing and Dyeing of Fur;
Manufacture of Footwear
Wood & Wood Products
16 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, except
Furniture; Manufacture of Articles of Straw and Plaiting Materials
Paper, Paper Products & Printing
17 Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products
18 Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media
Refined Petroleum Products
19 Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products
Chemicals and Chemical Products
20 Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products
Pharmaceutical & Biological Products
21 Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals and Biological Products
Rubber & Plastic Products
22 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
Basic Metals
24 Manufacture of Basic Metals
Fabricated Metal Products
25 Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products Except Machinery and
Equipment
Machinery & Equipment
28 Manufacture of Machinery & Equipment
Electrical Machinery & Apparatus
27 Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
Computer, Electronic & Optical Products
26 Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products
Semiconductor Devices
2611 Manufacture of Semiconductor Devices
Computers and Peripheral Equipment
2620 Manufacture of Computers and Peripheral Equipment
Instrumentation, Photographic & Optical Goods
2651 Manufacture and Repair of Measuring, Testing, Navigating and
Control Equipment
2652 Manufacture of Watches and Clocks
2660 Manufacture and Repair of Irradiation, Electromedical and
Electrotherapeutic Equipment
2670 Manufacture of Optical Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Other Electronics nec
2612 Manufacture of Other Electronic Components and Boards
2630 Manufacture of Communications Equipment
2640 Manufacture of Consumer Electronics
2680 Manufacture of Magnetic and Optical Media
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
Transport Equipment
29 Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers
30 Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment
Others
23 Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products
31 Manufacture of Furniture
32 Other Manufacturing
CONSTRUCTION
Construction
41 Construction of Buildings
42 Civil Engineering
43 Specialised Construction Activities
WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE
Wholesale Trade
46 Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
47 Retail Trade
ACCOMMODATION & FOOD SERVICE ACTIVITIES
Accommodation & Food Service Activities
55 Accommodation
56 Food and Beverage Service Activities
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
TRANSPORT & STORAGE
Water Transport & Supporting Services
50 Water Transport
5002 Freight Water Transport
Other Water Transport nec
5001 Passenger Water Transport
5222 Supporting Activities to Water Transport
5225 Marine Surveying Services and Classification Societies
Land & Air Transport & Supporting Services
49 Land Transport and Transport via Pipelines
51 Air Transport
5221 Supporting Services to Land Transport
5223 Supporting Services to Air Transport
Warehousing, Post & Courier Services
521 Warehousing and Storage
5224 Cargo Handling
5229 Other Transportation Support Activities
53 Postal and Courier Activities
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS
Information & Communications
58 Publishing Activities
59 Motion Picture, Video, Television and Other Programme Production,
Sound Recording and Music Publishing Activities
60 Radio and Television Broadcasting Activities
61 Telecommunications
62 Computer Programming, Consultancy and Related Activities
63 Information Service Activities
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
FINANCIAL & INSURANCE SERVICES
Banks
6412 Full Banks
6413 Wholesale Banks
6414 Offshore Banks
6415 Merchant Banks
6416 Finance Companies
Activities of Holding Companies
6420 Activities of Holding Companies
Other Financial Services
6411 Central Bank
6419 Other Monetary Intermediation
643 Trusts, Funds and Similar Financial Entities
649 Other Financial Services Activities, except Insurance and Pension
Funding Activities
661 Activities Auxiliary to Financial Service Activities, Except Insurance
and Pension Funding
663 Fund Management Activities
Insurance Services
65 Insurance, Reinsurance, Provident Funding and Pension Funding
662 Activities Auxiliary to Insurance and Pension Funding
REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES
Real Estate Activities
68 Real Estate Activities
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
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SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL,
ADMINISTRATIVE & SUPPORT SERVICE ACTIVITIES
Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities
69 Legal and Accounting Activities
70 Activities of Head Office; Management Consultancy Activities
71 Architectural and Engineering Activities; Technical Testing and
Analysis
72 Scientific Research and Development
73 Advertising and Market Research
74 Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities
75 Veterinary Activities
Administrative & Support Service Activities
77 Rental and Leasing Activities
78 Employment Activities
79 Travel Agencies, Tour Operators and Reservation Service Activities
80 Security and Investigation Activities
81 Cleaning and Landscape Maintenance Activities
82 Office Administrative, Office Support and Other Business Support
Activities
APPENDIX FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
21
SSIC 2015
(Version 2018)
Industry
OTHERS
01 Agricultural and Related Service Activities
02 Forestry, Logging and Related Service Activities
03 Fishing, Operation of Fish Hatcheries and Fish Farms; Service
Activities Incidental to Fishing
08 Mining & Quarrying
09 Service Activities incidental to Oil and Gas Extraction (excluding
Surveying and Engineering Design and Consultancy Services
Supporting Mining, Oil and Gas Extraction and Offshore Exploration
Services)
35 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply
36 Water Collection, Treatment and Supply
37 Sewage
38 Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal Activities; Materials
Recovery
85 Education
86 Health Services
87 Residential Care Services
88 Social Services without Accommodation
90 Creative, Arts and Entertainment Activities
91 Libraries, Archives, Museums and Other Cultural Activities
92 Gambling and Betting Activities
93 Sports Activities and Amusement and Recreation Activities
94 Activities of Membership Organisations
95 Repairs of Computers, Personal and Household Goods and Vehicles
96 Other Personal Services Activities
PROJECT TEAM FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SINGAPORE 2018
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
22
Deputy Director Mr Sng Zhizhong
Senior Assistant Director Mr Vern Lim
Assistant Director
Statistician
Ms Cheng Ze Ying
Mr Toh Yong Qing
Lead Manager
Senior Managers
Mr Zainal b Ibrahim
Mrs Tan-Poh Bee Tin
Mr Chua Yih Leng
Mr Yeo Eng Kiat
Senior Executives / Executives /
Management Support Officers /
Corporate Support Officers
Mrs Ho-Wong Kum Yong
Mr Mohamed Hisyamuddin
Ms Izyan Ashikin
Ms Fadhilah Bte Asmani
Ms Nurshahida Haseena
Ms Kalaiselvi d/o Suppiah
SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION SERVICES
Statistics Singapore Website
The Statistics Singapore Website was launched by the Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS) in
January 1995. Internet users can access the website by connecting to:
https://www.singstat.gov.sg
Key Singapore statistics and resources are available via the following sections:
• What’s New
Obtain latest data for key economic and social indicators, browse news releases by DOS
and Research and Statistics Units (RSUs) of other public sector agencies.
• Find Data
Choose from almost 50 topics to access the relevant statistics, press releases,
infographics, charts, storyboards, videos and references.
• Publications
Browse DOS’s publications, papers and articles by topics. All publications are available
for free access.
• Advance Release Calendar
View dates of upcoming releases in the half-yearly ahead calendar.
The website also provides a convenient gateway to international statistical websites and resources:
• IMF Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
View metadata and latest data about Singapore’s key indicators in the real, fiscal, financial
and external sectors, including dissemination practices and information about pre-release
access of current indicators.
• International Statistics
Access international databases, websites of international bodies and national statistical
offices.
• International Classifications
Access quick links to international economic and social classifications.
SingStat Express
Subscribe to the SingStat Express and receive email and SMS alerts (for local users) on the latest press
releases, notices of publication, occasional and information papers and newsletters. Subscription details are
available at https://www.singstat.gov.sg/whats-new/sign-up-for-alerts.
SingStat Mobile App
The SingStat Mobile App provides users with ready access to the latest key Singapore official statistics
through their mobile devices while on-the-go. Users may visualise data for the latest periods with some 200
charts of commonly used statistics from 27 data categories. The app is continually enhanced to provide more
user-friendly features. Users can now receive notifications on updates to their preferred indicators, organise data
categories in the order of their preference, download tables or share charts via social media and perform
computation for quick analyses. The app is available for downloading in iOS and Android devices. More
information is available at https://www.singstat.gov.sg/our-services-and-tools/singstat-mobile-app.
Statistical Enquiries and Feedback
If you have any statistical enquiries or feedback on our services, you are welcomed to:
E-mail us at [email protected]
Fax to us at (65) 6332-7689
Call us at 1800-3238118* (local callers)
(65) 6332-7738 (overseas callers)
* Calls from mobile telephone lines to 1800 local toll free number may be subject to mobile airtime charges as imposed by the relevant mobile service provider.
SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION SERVICES (cont’d)
SingStat Table Builder
The SingStat Table Builder contains statistical data series on the Singapore economy and population
for users to create customised data tables, and export them in different file formats and download multiple tables
at one go. APIs are also provided in JSON and CSV formats. Explore data trends with this e-service at
https://www.singstat.gov.sg/tablebuilder.
Really Simple Syndication
Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is an easy way to stay updated on the latest statistical news released by
DOS. The SingStat RSS feed delivers statistical news highlights and hyperlinks to the source documents
whenever the updates are posted. More information is available at https://www.singstat.gov.sg/whats-
new/really-simple-syndication-rss.
E-survey
The E-survey enables business organisations to complete and submit their survey forms through the
internet. Using secured encryption protocols, the E-survey ensures that the information transmitted through the
net is secured and protected. The system features online helps and validation checks to assist respondents in
completing their survey forms. With the E-survey, respondents do away with the tedious paper work and manual
tasks of mailing or faxing their survey returns to DOS.