Statistics - .pptx

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Presentation of DataGroup 3


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Presentation of Data

The Textual Form

Tabular Form

Graphical or Pictorial Form


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1.Textual form- the textual form is utilized when the datbe presented are purely qualitative or when very few numare involved. This method is generally not desirable when many figures are involved as the reader may fail grasp thesignificance of certain quantitative relationships, but it

becomes an effective device when the objective is to call treaders attention to some data that require special emph


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Example:

While the Philippines is considered a good achiever in educat

having a high literacy rate, disturbing problems abound. Ourliteracy rate for instance is stagnating-31 of 73 provinces have literacy rate below the national average, among them, tribalcommunities in Mindanao and Cordilleras. In 1983 the numbeout-of=school children was estimated at 1.25 million; most of thbelong to the poorest families. About one-third of those who efirst grade do no reach sixth grade; because of repetitions, the

average years spent in the elementary grades is 8.5. But althouthis is so the number of high-school non-enrollees is increasingfaster rate. (Weekend Magazine of the Sunday Express , November 16, 1986, p


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2. Tabular form- A more effective device of presenting data means of statistical tables. People who want to make some

comparisons and draw relationships usually find the tabulararrangement more convenient and understandable than thetextual presentation. A statistical table has four essential

components: table heading, body stubs, and column captionboxheads. In addition to these four components, a footnote

be placed immediately below the main part of the table. Asource note may also be included to acknowledge the originthe data. This is placed beneath the footnote.


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Foreign currency March 1986 February 1986 September 1985 March

US Dollar 20.6000 21.9790 18.6400 18.46

Japanese Yen 0.1146 0.1218 0.0854 0.072

British Pound 30.3850 32.2091 26.2078 22.69

German Deutschemark 8.8291 9.9213 6.9676 5.918

Swiss Franc 10.5739 11.7389 8.5110 6.993

French Franc 2.8695 3.2265 2.2815 1.93

Singapore Dollar 9.4924 10.2312 8.7813 8.35

GROSS EXCHANGE RATES OF THE PESO

(PESOS PER UNIT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY)

*Based on Bankers Association of the Philippines Reference rate

SOURCE : Department of Economic Research, International.


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3. Graphical or Pictorial Form -Among the different methods presenting data, the graph or chart is perhaps the most effectivedevice for attracting peoples attention. Readers who look forcomparisons and trends may skip statistical tables but may pausexamine graphs. Construction of a good graph requires more skmore time, and occasionally more expense than does a statisticatable. An additional limitation is that no matter how accurate thgraph is drawn, it is usually not quite easy to determine the exacfigures on which it is based. Like a table, a graph must have a titand if necessary a source note.


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1. Line graph - A line graph is an effective device used portray changes in values with respect to time. It is simto Cartesian coordinate system in that there is horizontaxis and a vertical axis. The categories, or time periods,chronologically arranged on the horizontal axis an therelevant values are indicated by a series of line segmenformed by joining consecutive points plotted above the

categories.


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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1

NUMBER OF VISITOR ARRIVALS

1970 TO 1985

SOURCE: 1986 Philippine Statistical Yearbook


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Bar Graph- categorical as well as chronologicalcomparisons may be shown graphically by mans of a graph. A graph essentially consists of bars or rectanglwhich are drawn either vertically or horizontallydepending on the type of data and the purpose ofcomparison. Vertical bars are generally used forchronological comparisons. The individual bars depic

different tie periods or categories in the data; the heiglength of each bar corresponds to the value attached teach time period or category.


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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 19

SUGARCANE AND COCONUT PRODUC

CROP YEARS 1980 TO 1985Coconut

Sugarcane


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Pie Chart- the pie chart , like the component bar chartparticularly appropriate for portraying the relative

magnitudes of the components parts of a whole. It isconstructed by dividing a circle (a pie) into sectors, easector having a size proportional to the percentage itrepresents. The number of degrees of the central anglthe sector representing a component is measured usinthe formula:

No.of degrees = percentage x 3.6

The value 3.6 is 1% of 360, the measure of the central angle of the circle.


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38%

22%

20%

7%

13%

SECTORIAL ALLOCATION OF THE NATIONAL BUDGE

FOR 1987

Debt Service and Net Lending Social Service Economic Services Defense General Public S


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4. Statistical maps statistical maps are used to presentquantitative data which describe or classify geographical ar

Variations in magnitudes in the different areas are shown wthe use of dots or shades(hatches). Maps that make use of dare called dot maps; those utilizing shades or hatches, arereferred to as shaded or cross-hatched maps. Specifically, a map is used to show the number of people belonging to acertain class or the number of objects having a given

characteristic present in each geographic area. Shaded or crhatched maps are useful in depicting ratios characterizing tdifferent area.


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Source : http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/CNPP2012_CD/countryprofiles/Philippines/Philippines.htm

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