STATISTICS & HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Introduction

Brand and Type Cost (per serving) Sodium content (mg)Amy's Black Bean 3.03 780Patio Cheese 1.07 1570Banquet Cheese 1.28 1500El Charrito Beef 1.53 1370Patio Beef 1.05 1700Banquet Beef 1.27 1330

Healthy Choice Chicken 2.34 440Lean Cuisine Chicken 2.47 520

Weight Watchers Chicken 2.09 660

Introduction of Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics provides description to the data set by summarizing the data.

Descriptive statistics normally provide description of data both in numerical and graphical terms.

Mean, Median, Mode, Range, SD (Standard Deviation), and variance are included in common descriptive statistics.

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Cost = $1.792

Mean Sodium= 1096.6

Median Cost= $1.53

Median Sodium= 1330

Range Cost= $1.98 Range Sodium=

1,260

Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Explanation of how the inferential statistical analysis would help the understanding the nature of data

Null Hypothesis Testing

The null hypothesis, designated as H0, is the hypothesis generally the sample observations gets purely based on chance.

H0, the null hypothesis, is crucial aspectpart of the research design and is always tested even it’s indirect.

Ex: The Mean value for enchiladas in the given pack of the brand equals to -3.

Identification of the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternate hypothesis (HA).

The value must be small, generally lower than 10%. It is vital for considering the consequences of both errors types.

Choose the test statistic and find out its value from the given sample data.

Comparing the observed value with that of critical value obtained for the chosen sample

Decision is made.

Null Hypothesis Testing

Future Implications of the research

Difference between Descriptive Statistics & Inferential Statistics

Descriptive statistics provides description to the data of the study.

Inferential statistics are gives what the pattern is and gives a clear picture through probability.

Summary Descriptive statistics summarizes the data while

inferential statistics is used to establish the relation and compare between the variables with wide range of conditions .

(Web Center for Social Research Methods, 2006).

Future Implications of the research Contd.

Follow-up Studies(Descriptive Statistics)

What is the hypertension rate among low-income populations due to higher sodium levels in low-cost foods?

(Inferential Statistics) What other factors contribute towards

hypertension in low-income populations other than high sodium levels in low-cost food?

Future Implications of the research Contd.

Null Hypothesis• In general, hypertension is more

prevalent in the low-income individuals.

Conclusion

As per the data obtained from Consumer Reports (March,2000), lower the cost of pre-packaged enchiladas, higher the sodium level.

References

National Atlas of the United States. (2011). Understanding Statistics. Retrieved from

http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_statistics.html Statistical Inference. (2011). Retrieved from

http://www.businessdictionary.com  Web Center for Social Research Methods.

(2006).Foundations. Retrieved from

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/index.php