Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Transcript of Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Ghkqx|hghnp Qakchq
Ghkqx|hghnp mq pjh v|oahqq oe kqqmbnmnbukcxhq po rjkphuh| uk|mklch lhmnb ghkqx|h`.
Ackqqmemakpmon oe ghkqx|h` uk|mklchq 7ghkqx|hghnp qakchq.
Pjh|h k|h EOX\ qakchq4;.nogmnkc#
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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;. Nogmnkc Ghkqx|hghnp Qakch
Ghkqx|h` l} akphbo|mhq o| cklhcq
Bmuhn ao`hq / akphbo|mhq k|h mn nxgh|makc
ukcxhq / kcvjklhpXqh` po ghkqx|h {xkcmpkpmuh uk|mklchq
h.b.4 bhn`h|# |kah# v|ob|kg oe
qpx`}# p}vhq oe joxqhq# p}vh oe ak|q
Corhqp chuhc oe ghkqx|hghnp
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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1. Mnph|ukc Ghkqx|hghnp Qakch
Ghkqx|hghnp mq mn {xknpmpkpmuh qao|hq /
ukcxhq
Bmuhn / ghkqx|h` {xknpmpmhq gk} jkuh )uh /'uh ukcxhq
Qxmpklch eo| {xknpmpkpmuh uk|mklchq
h.b.4 Vh|eo|gknah mn k qxldhap# M[ qao|hq# chuhcqoe qhce'aonahvp# dol qkpmqekapmon chuhcq
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0. \kpmo Ghkqx|hghnp Qakch
Ghkqx|hghnp mq mn {xknpmpkpmuh ukcxhq
Eo| kcc uk|mklchq pjkp jkuh klqocxph th|o
ukcxh
Bmuhn/ghkqx|h` {xknpmpmhq gk} jkuh )uh/
'uh# kn` |kpmo ukcxhq
h.b.4 P|kmnmnb pmgh# nxglh| oe gmqpkihq#pmgh pkihn po |xn ;66g# lo`} rhmbjp#
`mqpknah p|kuhcch`
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P}vh oe Uk|mklchq
AONPMNXOXQ UK\MKLCH4
Uk|mklchq pjkp `o nop jkuh k gmnmgxg xnmp ukcxh.
Aonahvpxkcc}# pjh ukcxh gk} oaax| pmcc mnemnmp}.
h.b.4 @mqpknah ghkqx|h`# qao|h# pmgh# kbh
@MQA\HPH UK\MKLCH
Uk|mklchq pjkp xqh emnmph aoxnpklch gmnmgxg xnmp ukcxh Xqh rjoch nxglh|q goqp oe pjh pmgh
Ukcxh aknnop lh qxl`mum`h` ex|pjh|
h.b.4 Nxglh| oe ajmc`|hn# nxglh| oe ak|q#
nxglh| oe v|ob|kgq
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Qpkpmqpmaq
K gkpjhgkpmakc phajnm{xh o| v|oahqq po
aocchap# o|bknmth# knkc}th# kn` mnph|v|hp
nxgh|makc `kpk olpkmnh` e|og kn olqh|uh`b|oxv eo| k |hqhk|ajh` b|oxv.
Qoghpmghq xqh` eo| `hqa|mlmnb aocchaph`nxgh|makc `kpk.
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@kpk Qpkpmqpmaq
@hqa|mlhq b|oxv lhjkumox| o| ajk|kaph|mqpmaq
olpkmnh` pj|oxbj olqh|ukpmonq on mn`mum`xkcq
mn k b|oxv# qo pjkp bhnh|kcmtkpmonq gk} lhgk`h.
h.b.4 Ghkn oe gonpjc} mnaogh 7 |g1#666.66
Ghkn kbh oe }hk| 0 qpx`hnpq 7 ;6}hk|q
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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VOVXCKPMON QKGVCH
@KPKE\OGVOV?
@HQA\MLH
PJH VOV.
MNEH\HNPMKC
QPKP.
@KPKE\OGQKGVCH?
\HCKPMONQJMVQ LHPRHHN VOVXCKPMON %
QKGVCH
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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[xknpmpkpmuh \hqhk|aj
@hqa|mvpmuh
Vx|voqh mq dxqp po
`hqa|mlh k qpx`mh`b|oxv
h.b.4 Po qpx`} phkajh|kppmpx`h pork|`q xqh oeao|vo|kc vxnmq.jghnp
Mneh|hnpmkc
Vx|voqh mq po `hqa|mlh
k vovxckpmon lkqh` onaocchaph` `kpk e|og k
qkgvch
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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@hqa|mvpmuh Qpkpmqpmaq
Ghpjo` oe `hqa|mlmnb olqh|uh`# v|oahqqh`#
kn` knkc}th` `kpk.
Gkmn vx|voqh mq po olpkmn k vmapx|h o|
`hqa|mvpmon oe pjh olqh|uh` `kpk.
Knopjh| vx|voqh mq po bmuh ghknmnb kn` po
qxggk|mth pjh `kpk.
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@hqa|mvpmuh Qpkpmqpmaq
[xknpmpkpmuhc}
@hqa|mlmnb xqmnb nxgh|ma ukcxhq o| {xknpmpmhq
Aonpkmnq phzpq `hqa|mlh` xqmnb {xknpmpkpmuh `kpkknkc}qmq
[xkcmpkpmuhc} @hqa|mlmnb mn pjh eo|g oe vmapx|hq# phzpq# hpa.
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@hqa|mvpmuh Qpkpmqpmaq
O|bknmtmnb `kpk qo pjkp mp roxc` lh go|hghknmnbexc *{xknpmpkpmuh-
Pklchq
Ghkqx|hq oe ahnp|kc phn`hnamhq
Xqmnb vmapx|hq *{xkcmpkpmuh-
Vmh / lk| ajk|pq Jmqpob|kgq
Voc}bon e|h{xhnamhq
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Phajnm{xh oe @hqa|mlmnb @kpk Xqmnb Vmapx|hq
Nogmnkc o| O|`mnkc @kpk
E|h{xhna} `mqp|mlxpmonpklch
Lk| ajk|p
Vmh ajk|p
Aonpmnbhna} pklch
Mnph|ukc o| \kpmo @kpk
E|h{xhna} mqp|mlxpmonpklch
Jmqpob|kg
Voc}bon e|h{xhna}
Qakpph| mkb|kg
\hb|hqqmon cmnh
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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E|h{xhna} @mqp|mlxpmon Pklch
\HQXCPQ G E
K
L
A
@
H
E
POPKC
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Aonpmnbhna} Pklch
LH`.PHQC LH`.*B%A- POPKC
KB\HH POVXNMQJGHNP
;
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Phajnm{xh oe @hqa|mlmnb @kpk
Ghkqx|hq oe Ahnp|kc Phn`hnamhq Go`h
Nogmnkc `kpk
Goqp e|h{xhnpc} oaax||mnb qao|h
Aoggonc} xqh` ghkqx|hghnp
Gh`mkn O|`mnkc `kpk
Gm``ch ghkqx|hghnp
Qxmpklch eo| qihrh` `mqp|mlxpmon
Ghkn Mnph|ukc o| |kpmo `kpk
P}vmakc ghkqx|hghnp
Kuh|kbh ghkqx|hghnp
Qxmpklch eo| ex|pjh| knkc}qmq
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Ghkqx|hq oe Ahnp|kc Phn`hna}
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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No|gkc Ax|uh
go`h
gh`mkn
ghkn
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Qihrh` po pjh \mbjp *)uh-
go`h gh`mkn ghkn
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Qihrh` po pjh Chep *'uh-
ghkn gh`mkn go`h
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Uk|mklmcmp}
Qv|hk` o| `mqvh|qmon `mqp|mlxpmon aonahvp4
k. Jogobhnhoxq
l. Jhph|obhnhoxq
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8/3/2019 Statistic Concepts in Research * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
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Ghkqx|hq oe Uk|mklmcmp}
\knbh4 jmbjhqp gmnxq corhqp qao|h
Mnph|{xk|pmch \knbh4 `hqa|mlhq |knbh oeukcxhq eo| gm``ch 86( oe qao|hq
Qhgm' Mnph|{xk|pmch \knbh4 `hqa|mlhq kub.Qv|hk` oe qao|hq eo|
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Mneh|hnpmkc Qpkpmqpmaq
Ghpjo` oe gkimnb aonacxqmon on pjh |hqhk|ajh`
vovxckpmon lkqh` on olqh|ukpmonq gk`h on pjh
qkgvch .h.b.4
Ghkn @meeh|hnah
Knkc}qhq oe \hckpmonqjmvq
V|oahqq oe `hqa|mlmnb o| hqpmgkpmnb pjh vovxckpmon
ajk|kaph|mqpmaq xqmnb pjh ajk|kaph|mqpmaq oe qkgvchq
pjkp k|h |hv|hqhnpkpmuh oe pjh vovxckpmon.
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Mneh|hnpmkc Qp|kphbmhq
Hqpmgkpmon hqpmgkpmnb pjh vk|kghph|
ukcxh lkqh` on qkgvch qpkpmqpmaq.
J}vopjhqmq Phqpmnb phqpmnb pjh hzphnp pjh
vk|kghph| ukcxh mq qmgmck| po pjh ukcxh
olqh|uh` e|og pjh qkgvch.
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Mneh|hnpmkc V|hamqmon
Qkgvch Qmth
Uk|mklmcmp} oe Vovxckpmon @kpk
\hv|hqhnpkpmuhnhqq oe Olqh|uh` Qkgvch#
Pkimnb mnpo Aonqm`h|kpmon pjh Ao||hap
Qkgvcmnb V|oah`x|h Xqh`
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Mneh|hnpmkc Phajnm{xh
Vk|kghp|ma Phqp Gkimnb Kqqxgvpmonq onpjh Vovxckpmon E|og Rjmaj pjh QkgvchRkq Qhchaph`.
Go|h Vorh|exc Pjkn Nonvk|kghp|ma Phqpq% Klch po Qjor @meeh|hnahq o| P|xh
\hckpmonqjmvq.
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Kqqxgvpmonq oe Vk|kghp|ma Phqpq
\h{xm|hq @kpk Pjkp K|h Kp Chkqp4
Mnph|ukc `kpk
@mqp|mlxpmon mq no|gkc
Mnuocuhq qpkpmqpmakc % j}vopjhqmq
phqpmnb
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Mneh|hnpmkc Phajnm{xh
Nonvk|kghp|ma phqpq gkih ehrh|kqqxgvpmonq kloxp pjh vovxckpmon e|og
rjmaj pjh qkgvch rkq qhchaph` 7`mqp|mlxpmon'e|hh phqpq.
K`uknpkbh qkeh| po xqh me pjh kqqxgvpmonqnhahqqk|} eo| vk|kghp|ma phqpq kvvhk| pojkuh lhhn umockph`.
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J}vopjhqmq Phqpmnb
Phqpmnb nxcc j}vopjhqmq xqmnb `meeh|hnp phqpq
lkqh` on p}vh oe ghkqx|hghnp qakch kn`
`kpk. Gkimnb aonacxqmon on pjh nxcc j}vopjhqmq.
Gkimnb `hamqmon on pjh kcph|nkpmuh
j}vopjhqmq.