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Electronic Supporting Material on the Microchimica Acta publication
Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dot Based Highly Sensitive Impedimetric
Immunoassay for Prostate Specific Antigen
Manil Kukkar1,2#, Suman Singh1,2#, Nishant Kumar1, Satish K. Tuteja3, Ki-Hyun Kim4*, Akash
Deep1,2*
1CSIR-Central Scientific Instrument Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India3BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G
2W1, Canada4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-
Ro, Seoul 04763, Korea#Equal contribution for first authorship
Correspondence: [email protected], Tel.: +1-82-2-2220-2325; Fax: +82-2-2220-19451
[email protected], Tel: +91-172-2672236, Fax: +91-172-2657287
Figure S1: Schematic for the synthesis and bioconjugation of MoS2 QDs along with the development of immunoassay for PSA
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Figure S2: 2 and 3-Dimensional AFM images of MoS2-QDs along with the line profile
analysis [Features of the AFM Tip used for the scanning of samples: (a) Make- ATEC-NC-
10, (b) Radius of curvature (R) of tip ≥ 10 nm, and (c) Achievable resolution of the tip ~ 2.82
nm (calculated by standard equation of Resolution = (0.8 R)^1/2)].
Measurement parameter Bare SPCE SPCE/MoS2 QDs
Contact angle (°) 73 80.05Surface free energy (mN/m) 31.77 ±0.00 28.98 ±0.17
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Figure S3: Contact angle measurement of bare and MoS2 QD modified SPCE. An increased
contact angle suggests the improved hydrophobicity of the MoS2 QD modified SPCE.
Figure S4: (a) Raman spectrum of MoS2-QDs and bulk MoS2, (b) XRD spectra of bulk MoS2
& MoS2-QDs, (c) EDX analysis of MoS2-QDs, and (d) FE-SEM analysis of MoS2-QDs
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Figure S5: (a) UV-visible spectra of MoS2 QDs and nanosheets and (b) Fluorescence
spectrum of MoS2 QDs
Figure S6: Current voltage response of Bare SPCE (left) and SPCE/MoS2QD modified (right).
Figure S7: Investigations on the reproducibility of the response of different SPCE/MoS2
QD/PSAAb electrodes. The EIS responses of five electrodes made in different batches were
found to be overlapping with each other, thereby proving their reproducibility.
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Figure S8: (a) Selectivity study with the SPCE/MoS2QD/PSAAb electrodes [concentrations of
PSA and other tested proteins were 0.01 and 1 pg⋅mL-1, respectively] and (b) Response of
the SPCE/MoS2QD/PSAAb electrodes with spiked PSA both in standard buffer and serum
samples
Table S1. An overview on recently reported nanomaterial-based methods for determination of PSA
S. No.
Materials used Method Applied Linearity range
Limit of detection
Specificity Ref.
01 Nano-TiO2-modifiedcarbon paste electrode
Impedance spectroscopy 0.10-5.0 and 5.0-100 ng⋅mL-1
200 pg⋅mL-1 Specific with respect to carcinoembryonic antigenthyroid-stimulating hormone
[1]
02 Gold film Micro fluxgate device involving sandwichimmunoassay
0.1-10.0 ng⋅mL−1
0.1 ng⋅mL−1 Specific with respect to bovine serum albumin, carcinoembryonicantigen and alpha fetoprotein
[2]
03 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Sandwich type immunosensor with differentialpulse voltammetry
0.01-100 ng⋅mL−1
5.4 pg⋅mL-1 Specific with respect to carcinoembryonic antigen, myoglobin, mucoprotein and thrombin
[3]
04 Goldnanoparticles
Differentialpulse voltammetry
0.25-200 ng⋅mL−1
0.25 ng⋅mL−1
Specific with respect to bovine
[4]
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covered with graphitized mesoporouscarbon nanoparticles
serum albumin, hemoglobin and thrombin
05 Functionalized graphene QDs
Electro-chemiluminescence
1-10 pg⋅mL−1
0.29 pg⋅mL−1
Specific with respect to carcinoembryonic antigen, bovine serum albumin glucose
[5]
06 Graphene oxide hybridized with ferrocene monocarboxylic acid
Differential pulse voltammetry
2 pg⋅mL−1 - 10 ng⋅mL−1
0.5 pg⋅mL−1 Specific with respect to Human immunoglobin M, human immunoglobin G, carcinoembryonic antigen, glucoseand thrombin
[6]
07 Graphene sheets–methylene blue–chitosan
Amperometry 0.05–5 ng⋅mL−1
13 pg⋅mL−1 Specific with respect to alpha fetoprotein, bovine serum albumin, vitamin C and glucose
[7]
08 Composite of Fe3O4 nanoparticlesand reduced graphene oxide
Sandwich type electrochemical immunoassay
0.1 pg⋅mL−1
- 5 ng⋅mL−10.03 pg⋅mL-
1Specific with respect to bovine serum albumin, carbohydrate antigen-125, carcinoembryonicantigen and alpha fetoprotein
[8]
09 Reduced graphene oxide functionalized with High molecular-weight silk peptide
Differential pulse voltammetry
0.1 - 80 ng⋅mL−1
53 pg⋅mL-1 Specific with respect to alpha-fetoprotein, human immunoglobin, bovine serum albumin, L-cysteine and L-Lysine
[9]
10 MoS2 QDs Impedance spectroscopy 0.01 pg⋅mL−1
- 200 ng⋅mL−1
0.01 pg⋅mL−1
Specific with respect to human serum albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen, Immunoglobin G and alpha-fetoprotein
This work
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Table S2. PSA detection in spiked serum samples and recovery study
S. No. PSA Concentration[spiked (ng⋅mL-1)]
Rct (ohms) obtained with standard
samples
Rct (ohms) obtained with spiked serum
samples
Recovery (%)
01 1.0 × 10-5 5519 ± 25 5413 ± 27 102 ± 2.2
02 1.0 × 10-3 7189 ± 29 7143 ± 30 100 ± 2.6
03 1.0 × 10-1 8518 ± 35 8618 ± 39 98 ± 3.5
04 1.0 × 102 12187 ± 52 12339 ± 55 98 ± 2.5
Note that all the data reported herein are an average of triplicate analysis
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