States of matter_def
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STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER • The Five States of Matter The Five States of Matter Bose - Einstein Bose - Einstein Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Plasma Plasma
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Transcript of States of matter_def
STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
•The Five States of The Five States of MatterMatter
Bose - Einstein Bose - Einstein
SolidSolid
LiquidLiquid
GasGas
PlasmaPlasma
STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
Based upon particle arrangementBased upon energy of particlesBased upon distance between particles
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.
STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS
•Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
•Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat
STATES OF MATTERLIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat
STATES OF MATTERGAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat
PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement DuringPhase Change
Solid to liquid
MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…
between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?
STATES OF MATTERPLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
• Plasma is the most common state of matter
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place
to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
5. Stars
Stars make up 99% of the total matter in the Universe.
Therefore, 99% of everything that exists in the entire Universe is in the plasma state.
The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
4. Neon lights
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6. Clouds of gas and dust around stars
So now we know all about four states of matter:
LIQUIDSSOLIDS GASES
Higher Temperature
Lower Temperature
PLASMAS
(only for low density ionized
gases)
But now what happens if you lower the temperature way, way, down to
100 nano degrees above
“Absolute Zero” (-273°C)
Will everything just be a
frozen solid?
Not Necessarily!In 1924 (82 years ago), two scientists, Albert
Einstein and Satyendra Bose predicted a 5th state of matter which would occur at very very low temperatures.
Einstein Bose
+
The 5th state of matter:
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Finally, in 1995 (only 16 years ago!), Wolfgang Ketterle and his team of graduate students (like you in only few years) discovered the 5th state of matter for the first time. Ketterle and his
students
In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can no longer bounce around as
individuals.
Instead they must all act in exactly the same way, and you can no longer tell
them apart!
In 2002, Ketterle and two other scientists received the highest award in science for
discovering Bose-Einstein condensate:
The Nobel Prize(like you in some years. Why not? YOU CAN)
The five states of matter:
LIQUIDSSOLIDS GASES
Higher Temperature
Lower Temperature
PLASMAS
(only for low density ionized gases)
BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE
