States of MatterStates of Matter

4.3Behavior of

Liquids and Gases

4.3Behavior of

Liquids and Gases

I. DiffusionA. Diffusion - the mixing of particles in

a gas or liquidII. Pressure

A. Pressure - the amount of force applied per unit of area

B. Pressure = Force/Area (P = F/A)C. Unit of pressure is pascal (Pa)D. Unit of force is newton (N)E. Unit of surface area is square

meters

I. DiffusionA. Diffusion - the mixing of particles in

a gas or liquidII. Pressure

A. Pressure - the amount of force applied per unit of area

B. Pressure = Force/Area (P = F/A)C. Unit of pressure is pascal (Pa)D. Unit of force is newton (N)E. Unit of surface area is square

meters

F. Pascal’s Principle - pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged through the fluid

a. Example: toothpaste tube, water bottle

G. Gas Pressurea. More particles in a space the more

pressure is createdb. Hotter temperatures mean gases move

faster and create more pressure

F. Pascal’s Principle - pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged through the fluid

a. Example: toothpaste tube, water bottle

G. Gas Pressurea. More particles in a space the more

pressure is createdb. Hotter temperatures mean gases move

faster and create more pressure

H. Atmospheric Pressurea. Gases are constantly colliding with

surfacesb. The higher the altitude the fewer

particles per cubic meterc. Creates a difference in pressured. As atmospheric pressure decreases the

boiling point of liquids becomes lower

H. Atmospheric Pressurea. Gases are constantly colliding with

surfacesb. The higher the altitude the fewer

particles per cubic meterc. Creates a difference in pressured. As atmospheric pressure decreases the

boiling point of liquids becomes lower

III. Density and BuoyancyA. Density = Mass/Volume (D = m/V)B. Unit of density is g/mLC. Buoyancy

a. Archimedes’ principle - when an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

b. Buoyant force is the upward force caused by the displaced fluid

III. Density and BuoyancyA. Density = Mass/Volume (D = m/V)B. Unit of density is g/mLC. Buoyancy

a. Archimedes’ principle - when an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

b. Buoyant force is the upward force caused by the displaced fluid

c. Buoyancy - decrease in weight caused by the buoyant force

d. If an objects density is less than that of a fluid it floats in the fluid

e. If an objects density is greater than that of a fluid it sinks

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c. Buoyancy - decrease in weight caused by the buoyant force

d. If an objects density is less than that of a fluid it floats in the fluid

e. If an objects density is greater than that of a fluid it sinks

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