State of the Port Sector - OAS · 2010. 11. 19. · Title: State of the Port Sector Author:...
Transcript of State of the Port Sector - OAS · 2010. 11. 19. · Title: State of the Port Sector Author:...
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Ports as Nodes in Logistics Chains
State of the Port and Maritime Sector
Gylfi PalssonLead Transport Sector Specialist, World Bank
Presentation draws on material developed byC. Bert Kruk - Port Consultant
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State of the Port and Maritime Sector
Global businessGlobal business–– Temporarily hit by the financial crisisTemporarily hit by the financial crisis
It matters how the ports are run It matters how the ports are run Ports to large extent are results of trade flows and Ports to large extent are results of trade flows and Ports to large extent are results of trade flows and Ports to large extent are results of trade flows and corresponding demands of shipping industrycorresponding demands of shipping industryPorts that meet demand of the industry can flourishPorts that meet demand of the industry can flourish
ISPS and Supply Chain SecurityISPS and Supply Chain Security
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ØØ A team has reconstructed a year's worth of travel A team has reconstructed a year's worth of travel itineraries from 16,693 cargo ships using data from itineraries from 16,693 cargo ships using data from LLoyd'sLLoyd's Register Register FairplayFairplay and the Automatic and the Automatic Identification system which tracks vessels using VHF Identification system which tracks vessels using VHF and GPSand GPS
The World’s Major Shipping Routes(Source unknown)
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World Major Shipping Routes
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World Merchant Fleet Development(in million DWT)(Source: UNCTAD)
800
1000
1200
1400
DWT
All Vessels
Oil Tankers
Bulk Carriers
0
200
400
600
Million
General Cargo VesselsContainer Vessels
Other Vessels
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Container vessel capacity development(Maximum Capacity built each Year (Clarkson 2004 and others)
10000
12000
14000
16000
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000 TEU capacity
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Container vessels dimensions(Sources: Fairplay and various other data)
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
Design draft (m)
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Design draft (m)
TEU Capacity (TEU)
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Top 10 Container Shipping Lines August 2010 – Fleet Capacity (TEU) (Source: Containerisation International)
Hapag-Lloyd
Cosco
CSCL
Hanjin
Mitsui OSK Total World Fleet In Service 13.9 million TEU
0 1000000 2000000 3000000
Maersk Line
MSC
CMA CGM
Evergreen
APL
Hapag-Lloyd Present Fleet Capacity (TEU)
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World port container traffic (mio TEU)(Source: Containerisation International and other publications)
300
400
500
600
mio TEU
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0
100
200
300
1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
mio TEU
Year
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Vessels laid up near Singapore (March 2009)
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Container Throughput and Flows Comparison Q1 2008 and Q1 2009
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Approximate regional share of world port container traffic (mio TEU)
11%5% 7%2% 2% 3% 1%
North America
Western Europe
Far East
South East Asia
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20%
35%
14% Mid-East
Latin America
Oceania
South Asia
Africa
Eastern Europe
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Port Management Models and Private Sector Involvement in Port Involvement in Port
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Ø Region by region, there has been a shift from public/service port models to private sector participation both for capital and operational experience
Ø To date, developing economy countries entered into 299 projects totalling more than US$ 33 billion of investment in 16 years
Private sector involvement
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of investment in 16 years Ø In Africa some 70% of the (container) port
operations are still run by the public sectorØ Past 5 years have seen a number of reforms taking place
Ø What are the developments in Latin America?
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Port Management Models
Type Infra-structure
Super-structure
Stevedoring labor
Other functions
Public Service Port
Public Public Public Mainly public
Tool Port Public Public Private Mainly
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Tool Port Public Public Private Mainly public
Landlord Port
Public Private Private Mainly private
Private Service Port
Private Private Private Mainly private
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Ø The WB Port Reform Toolkit (Second Edition 2006) provides extensive details since not one solution fits all
Ø The Landlord Port Management Model is the World Bank’s “preferred” option
Ø Private sector involvement will grow but Governments will continue to be the landlord, regulator and provider of basic infrastructure
Private sector involvement (contd.)
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basic infrastructureØ Sometimes need for accompanying institutional, legal and
labor reform
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Private participation in transport projects in developing countries 1990-2007
(Source: World Bank and PPIAF, PPI Project database)
80
100
120
140
20
25
30
352007 US$ billions Projects
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0
20
40
60
0
5
10
15
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Airports Railroads Roads Seaports Projects
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Container terminal operationsSource: Annual review of global container terminal operators –2005 (Drewry)
Public Sector 23%
Public Sector 21%
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Private Sector77%
2004 Global Capacity455 mil TEU
2010 Global Capacity610 mil TEU
Private Sector79%
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Port and Supply Chain Security
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Ø International Ship and Port (Facility) Security Code of the IMO was introduced in July 2004
Ø Implementation of ISPS resulted in relatively small increase of port/terminal handling costs (conclusion of recently published WB study)
Port and Supply Chain SecurityISPS
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of recently published WB study)Ø 2007: IMO Statement that there still is much
confusion about the actual ISPS requirements
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Port and Supply Chain Security (contd.)Supply Chain Security (SCS)
ØØ Supply Chain Security (SCS) is the concept which Supply Chain Security (SCS) is the concept which encompasses the programs, systems, procedures, encompasses the programs, systems, procedures, technologies and solutions applied to address threats to technologies and solutions applied to address threats to the supply chain and the consequent threats to the the supply chain and the consequent threats to the economic, social and physical welleconomic, social and physical well--being of citizens and being of citizens and economic, social and physical welleconomic, social and physical well--being of citizens and being of citizens and organized society organized society
ØØ In the context of globalization, a supply chain also refers In the context of globalization, a supply chain also refers to the network of supply chains that form today’s global to the network of supply chains that form today’s global commercecommerce
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ØØ Threats to the supply chain can come from Threats to the supply chain can come from •• Outside the supply chain, threatening to disrupt the chain Outside the supply chain, threatening to disrupt the chain •• Inside the supply chain, when it is used to perform and Inside the supply chain, when it is used to perform and
cover illegal activities, like contraband, terrorism, or piracycover illegal activities, like contraband, terrorism, or piracy
ØØ SCS concentrates on security issues in the entire SCS concentrates on security issues in the entire
Port and Supply Chain Security (contd.)Supply Chain Security (SCS)
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chain from producer to consumer chain from producer to consumer ØØ The World Bank published the Supply Chain Security The World Bank published the Supply Chain Security
Guide in July 2009 Guide in July 2009
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Tunnel and mobile radiation scanners
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Case Study Automated Container Inspection Lane(Source: Port of Rotterdam)
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Thank you for your attention
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