State of Connecticut v Connecticut Employees Union Independent

7/26/2019 State of Connecticut v Connecticut Employees Union Independent

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2014 Conn. Super. LEXIS 2476, *

6 of 6 DOCUMENS

State of Connecticut v. Connecticut Employees Union Independent

CV146049002S

SUPEI! C!U" !# C!$$EC"ICU"% &U'ICI() 'IS"IC" !# $E*

+(VE$ (" $E* +(VE$

2014 Conn. Super. LEXIS 2476

!cto,e- 6% 2014% 'ecided

!cto,e- % 2014% #iled

$!"ICE/ !IS DECISION IS UN"EPO"ED #ND M#$ %E SU%&EC O 'U"!E" #PPELL#E "E(IE).COUNSEL IS C#UIONED O M#E #N INDEPENDEN DEE"MIN#ION O' !E S#US O' !IS

C#SE.

C!E "ES/ gr+ean-, ar+-ra-or, pu/+ po/+, ar+3uana, ar+-ra-or5 aar, -er+na-+on, ar+-ra-+on aar,8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e, pre5en- a5e, ar+-ra-+on, pu/+ po/+, epre55+on, +5a+/+-, onf+r, aa-ur, aa-e,

ar+-ra-or e:eee, ar+-ra-+on pane/, 3u++a/ re+e, e//;ef+ne, progre55+e, onf+re, e:eee, an:+e-, e55age,

ar+-ra-or5 e+5+on, e noo, unre5-r+-e, -er+na-e, +5+p/+ne

&U'ES/ e 5-a-e of Conne-+u- ?->e S-a-e@, a-+ng ->roug> ->e Un+er5+- of Conne-+u- !ea/-> Cen-er ?UConn !ea/->

Cen-er@, >a5 oe -o aa-e an ar+-ra-+on aar renere +n faor of ->e efenan-5, Conne-+u- EmployeesUn+on

Inepenen- ?->e Un+on@ an Aregor L+n>off ?->e gr+ean-@. >e efenan-5 o3e- -o ->e S-a-e5 o-+on an

onurren-/ oe -o onf+r ->e 5ae ar+-ra-+on aar. #or+ng -o ->e reor, ->e par-+e5 en-ere +n-o a o//e-+earga+n+ng agreeen- ?B->e #greeen-B@ on-a+n+ng pro+5+on5 +-> re5pe- -o age5, >our5, an on+-+on5 ofemploymentfor en-a/ >ea/-> profe55+ona/ an 5uppor- 5-aff +->+n 5-a-e 5er+e. >e agreeen-, >+> +n/ue an

ar+-ra-+on /au5e, oere ->e per+o fro &u/ 1, 200, -o &une 0, 2012.

>e reor +n+a-e5 ->a-, on Mar> 7, 2012, ->e gr+ean- a5 arre5-e for 5o9+ng ma-iuana>+/e a- or9 +n a

5-a-e one e>+/e. #- ->e -+e of ->e +n+en-, ->e gr+ean-, a eer of ->e Un+on, a5 employeda5 a S9+//eMa+n-a+ner +n ->e En+ronen-a/ Con-ro/5 Cen-er a- ->e UConn !ea/-> Cen-er, a 5+gna-or -o ->e #greeen-. On &une

22, 2012, a5 a re5u/- of >+5 onu- an 5u5e8uen- e gr+ean-5 employmenta5 -er+na-e. >e Un+on

5u5e8uen-/ gr+ee ->e +5>arge an ->+5 gr+eane a5 5u+--e, +n aorane +-> #r-+/e 16 of ->e #greeen-,

+n-o ar+-ra-+on. >e ar+-ra-+on 5u+55+on a5 unre5-r+-e.

>e +55ue5 5u+--e -o ->e ar+-ra-or ere B)a5 ->e +5+55a/ of ->e Ar+ean-, Areg L+n>off, for 3u5- au5eF If no-,>a- 5>a// e ->e ree, on5+5-en- +-> ->e on-ra-FB # >ear+ng a5 >e/ efore ->e ar+-ra-or on Deeer 1G, 201.

#- ->+5 >ear+ng, ->e S-a-e argue ->a-, +n /+g>- of ->e fa- ->a- ->e gr+ean- >a ae55 -o B3u5- aou- eer->+ng on

apu5, +n/u+ng ->e a are en-er,B +- >a 3u5- au5e -o -er+na-e >+5 employment.>e S-a-e fur->er argue ->a-,


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on-rar -o ->e gr+ean-5 aoun- of ->e een-5, ->e fa- ->a- ->e gr+ean- roe ->e an -o a 5e/ue area +n+a-e5 ->a->e +n-ene -o B5o9e ma-iuana>+/e on u-.B In a+-+on, ->e S-a-e on-ene ->a-, een +f ->e aoun- ofma-iuana5o9e ->e gr+ean- Ba5 no- a 5uff++en- aoun-,B ->e fa- ->a- >e engage +n 5u> an a- a- or9 Bra+5e5

5er+ou5 ou-5 aou- +5= e+5+on;a9+ng a+/+-+e5.B In >+5 efen5e a- ->e ar+-ra-+on >ear+ng, ->e gr+ean- argue ->a-

->ere +5 a- e5-a/+5>e5 ->a- >e a5 +pa+re >en >e a5 +5oere ->e arre5-+ng off+er. >e

gr+ean- fur->er argue ->a-, ne+->er ->e S-a-e5 #/o>o/ an Su5-ane #u5e Po/+ nor pu/+ po/+, re8u+re-er+na-+on a5 a re5u/- of >+5 +5onu-, e5pe+a// +n /+g>- of ->e fa- ->a- ->+5 a5 >+5 f+r5- +5+p/+nar a-+on a- or9.

>e gr+ean- a/5o argue ->a- Conne-+u- our-5 >ae B5oun/ re3e-eB ->e arguen- ->a- pu/+ po/+ re8u+re5

-er+na-+on for ->e u5e of ma-iuana.

>e ar+-ra-or, +n >+5 op+n+on an aar, foun ->a- ->e gr+ean-5 +5+55a/ a5 no- for 3u5- au5e. In f+n+ng ->a-->ere a5 no 3u5- au5e for ->e gr+ean-5 +5+55a/, ->e ar+-ra-or foun ->a- ->e -er+na-+on a5 no- B+->+n a proper

range of progre55+e +5+p/+ne.B De5p+-e >+5 f+n+ng ->a- ->ere a5 no 3u5- au5e for ->e gr+ean-5 +5+55a/, ->e

ar+-ra-or + f+n ->a- ->e gr+ean-5 onu- a5 a 5u5-an-+a/ +o/a-+on >+> re8u+re 5+gn+f+an- pena/-. >e

ar+-ra-or fur->er foun ->a- ->e employe-5sru/e5, +n/u+ng +-5 Drug an #/o>o/ po/+, +-e -er+na-+on Ba5 a po-en-+a/pena/-, an employeesare arne, ->a- +- ou/ re5u/- a of a f+r5- -+e offen5e.B >e ar+-ra-or 5u5e8uen-/ e -er+na-+on pena/- -o a 5+:;on->, unpa+ 5u5pen5+on effe-+e fro ->e a-e of ->e gr+ean-5 reoa/.

>e ar+-ra-or oe5 no-, +n >+5 op+n+on an aar, +-e -o ->e por-+on5 of ->e #greeen- on >+> >e re/+e +n en-er+ng

->+5 aar.

>e S-a-e no oe5, pur5uan- -o an app/+a-+on f+/e on 'eruar 21, 2014, -o aa-e ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar on ->egroun5 ->a- ->e aar +o/a-e5 ->e S-a-e5 pu/+ po/+ on rug u5e >+/e on 5-a-e u- an opera-+ng a 5-a-e one

e>+/e.

DISCUSSION

#. S-anar of "e+e

General Statutes 52-418(a)(4)pro+e5 +n re/ean- par- BUpon app/+a-+on of an par- -o an ar+-ra-+on, ->e5uper+or our- . . . 5>a// a9e an orer aa-+ng ->e aar . . . +f ->e ar+-ra-or5 >ae e:eee ->e+r poer5 or 5o

+perfe-/ e:eu-e ->e ->a- a u-ua/, f+na/ an ef+n+-e aar upon ->e 5u3e- a--er 5u+--e a5 no- ae.B

B>e e// e5-a/+5>e genera/ ru/e +5 ->a- en ->e par-+e5 agree -o ar+-ra-+on an e5-a/+5> ->e au->or+- of ->e

ar+-ra-or ->roug> ->e -er5 of ->e+r 5u+55+on, ->e e:-en- of e our-5= 3u++a/ re+e of ->e aar +5 e/+nea-e

->e 5ope of ->e par-+e5 agreeen-.B State ! AFSCME" C#un$%l 4" $al 2''" 25 C#nn! 8*" 84" A!2+ 1', (2**1) ?AFSCME" C#un$%l 4" $al 2''@. >u5, Be au->or+- of ->e ar+-ra-or e on-roer5 +5 /++-e

on/ +f ->e agreeen- on-a+n5 e:pre55 /anguage re5-r+-+ng ->e rea-> of +55ue5, re5er+ng e:p/++- r+g>-5, or

on+-+on+ng ->e aar on our- re+e. In ->e a5ene of 5u> agreeen-, an agreeen- +5 unre5-r+-e.B ?In-erna/8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@Farrell ! .ent/-F%rst Centur/ Ins! C#!" *1 C#nn! '5" ''" 21 A!+ 81' (2*11). B)>en ->e

5ope of ->e 5u+55+on +5 unre5-r+-e, ->e re5u/-+ng aar +5 no- 5u3e- -o e noo re+e een for error5 of /a 5o

/ong a5 ->e aar onfor5 -o ->e 5u+55+on . . . %eau5e e our- faor5= ar+-ra-+on a5 a ean5 of 5e--/+ng pr+a-e

+5pu-e5, aneff++en- an eono+a/ 55-e of a/-erna-+e +5pu-e re5o/u-+on . . . 'ur->erore, +n app/+ng ->+5 genera/ ru/e of

eferene -o an ar+-ra-or5 aar, e e ar+-ra-or5 a-5 an proee+ng5.B ?C+-a-+on5 o+--eJ +n-erna/ 8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@AFSCME"

C#un$%l 4" $al 2''" su0ra" 25 C#nn! 84-85.

%. )>e->er #r+-ra-or E:eee >+5 #u->or+-B)>en ->e par-+e5 >ae agree -o a proeure an >ae e/+nea-e ->e au->or+- of ->e ar+-ra-or, ->e u5- e

oun ->o5e /++-5 ou/ e gran-e >ere an ar+-ra-or >a5e:eee >+5 poer.B ?C+-a-+on o+--eJ +n-erna/ 8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@AFSCME" C#un$%l 4" $al 2''" su0ra" 25

C#nn! 85-8'. BIn a5=, a5 a genera/ a--er, /oo9e

-o a opar+5on of ->e aar +-> ->e 5u+55+on -o e-er+ne >e->er ->e ar+-ra-or5 >ae e:eee ->e+r poer5 . . .

>e 5-anar for re+e+ng a /a+ ->a- ->e aar oe5 no- onfor -o ->e 5u+55+on re8u+re5 >a- e >ae -ere +neffe-, e noo 3u++a/ re+e . . . #/->oug> e Supree Cour- >a5= no- e:p/a+ne pre+5e/ >a- +n effe-, e noo

3u++a/ re+e en-a+/5 a5 app/+e -o a /a+ ->a- ->e aar oe5 no- onfor +-> ->e 5u+55+on . . . e our-5=

+n8u+r genera// +5 /++-e -o a e-er+na-+on a5 -o >e->er ->e par-+e5 >ae e5-e ->e ar+-ra-or5 +-> ->e au->or+- -o


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e+e ->e +55ue pre5en-e or -o aar ->e re/+ef onferre.B ?C+-a-+on5 o+--eJ +n-erna/ 8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@C#0reens%e Ort#0ae+%$s 3 Mus$ul#seletal Care" &&C ! Ata/er" 2, C#nn! 48" 54-55" ,8* A!2+ 2, (2**,) .

>u5, Be->er an ar+-ra-or >a5 e:eee ->e au->or+- gran-e uner ->e on-ra-, a our- anno- a5e

->e e+5+on on >e->er ->e our- ou/ >ae orere ->e 5ae re/+ef, or >e->er or no- e ar+-ra-or orre-/

+n-erpre-e ->e on-ra-. >e our- u5- +n5-ea fou5 on >e->er ->e a5 au->or+- -o rea> a er-a+n +55ue,

no- >e->er ->e +55ue a5 orre-/ e+e.BI+!" 55.

In ->e pre5en- a5e, ->e on/ arguen- 5e- for-> ->e S-a-e +n 5uppor- of +-5 po5+-+on ->a- ->e ar+-ra-or e:eee >+5

poer +n rener+ng ->e aar of re+n5-a-een- +5 ->e genera/ a55er-+on ->a- ->e aar +o/a-e5 #r-+/e5 H ?BManageen-

"+g>-5B@, 16 ?BAr+eane ProeureB@ an 17 ?BD+5+55a/, Su5pen5+on, Deo-+on an O->er D+5+p/+neB@ of ->e

#greeen-. >e S-a-e oe5 no- pro+e an 5pe+f+ arguen-5 a5 -o >o ->e aar +o/a-e5 ->e5e ar-+/e5 of ->e#greeen-. Irre5pe-+e of an arguen- ->a- ->e S-a-e a >ae ae +n fur->er 5uppor- of +-5 arguen- ->a- ->e

ar+-ra-or e:eee >+5 poer5 +n +55u+ng >+5 aar, ->+5 our- anno-, pur5uan- -o C#0reens%e Ort#0ae+%$s 3

Mus$ul#seletal Care" &&C, re+e ->e aura of ->e ar+-ra-or5 +n-erpre-a-+on of ->e #greeen-J ra->er, ->+5 our- +5

5o/e/ /++-e -o re+e of >e->er ->e ar+-ra-or >a au->or+- -o rea> ->e +55ue of >e->er -er+na-+on a5 proper.>e our- f+n5 ->a- ->e ar+-ra-or + >ae 5u> au->or+-. In ->e+r 5u+55+on e ar+-ra-or, ->e par-+e5 5eon

+55ue re8ue5-e a f+n+ng of ->e proper ree, pur5uan- -o ->e #greeen-, +f ->e -er+na-+on a5 no- for 3u5- au5e.

!ere, one ->e ar+-ra-or ae a f+n+ng ->a- ->e gr+ean-5 -er+na-+on a5 no- for 3u5- au5e, ->e par-+e5 5u+55+on

au->or+e >+ -o fur->er e/e +n-o ->e +55ue of >e->er ->e 5-a-e a-e proper/ +n -er+na-+ng ->e gr+ean-. >erefore,

->e aar anno- e aa-e on ->e groun5 ->a- ->e ar+-ra-or e:eee >+5 poer5. Con5e8uen-/, ->e our- u5- no/oo9 +n-o ->e +55ue of >e->er ->e aar 5>ou/ e aa-e on pu/+ po/+ groun5.

C. Pu/+ Po/+ #rguen-

>e S-a-e on-en5 ->a- ->e ar+-ra-+on aar 5>ou/ e aa-e eau5e ->e aar +o/a-e5 ->e 5-a-e5 e//

e5-a/+5>e pu/+ po/+ on +//ega/ rug u5e >+/e on 5-a-e u-. In par-+u/ar, ->e 5-a-e argue5 ->a- +n /+g>- of ->e +//ega/

na-ure of ->e gr+ean-5 rug u5e, Be aar +o/a-e5 pu/+ po/+ anKor +5 +n an+fe5- +5regar of ->e /a . . .B >e5-a-e fur->er argue5 ->a-, +n f+n+ng ->a- ->ere a5 no 3u5- au5e for ->e gr+ean-5 +5+55a/, ->e ar+-ra-or e:eee >+5

poer5 +n +o/a-+on5 of #r-+/e5 H, 16 an 17 of ->e #greeen-.

In oppo5+-+on -o ->e S-a-e5 e+r o-+on -o onf+r, ->e efenan-5 argue

->a- ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar 5>ou/ e onf+re eau5e ->e 5-a-e5 on po/+ of re>a+/+-a-+on an employmentof

or9er5 >o +o/a-e ->e rug po/+ +5 groun5 for onf+r+ng ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar. C+-+ng ->e fa- ->a- ->e gr+ean-

a5 +agno5e +-> an:+e- an epre55+on 5u5e8uen- -o >+5 -er+na-+on, ->e efenan-5 fur->er argue ->a- ->e gr+ean-+5 an employee+-> a +5a+/+- an ->a- ->e 5-a-e +5, +-5e/f, +o/a-+ng pu/+ po/+ refu5+ng -o aooa-e an

re+n5-a-e an employee+-> a +5a+/+-. In a+-+on, ->e efenan-5 on-en ->a-, +n /+g>- of ->e fa- ->a- B->e S-a-e +5

urren-/ +p/een-+ng ->e /ega/+a-+on of e+a/ ma-iuana,B ->e S-a-e5 pu/+ po/+ arguen- u5- fa+/. La5-/, ->eefenan-5 argue ->a- ->ere +5 a pu/+ po/+ of enourag+ng employe-s-o pro+e oppor-un+-+e5 -o ->o5e >o >ae

engage +n r++na/ onu-.

B#/->oug> ae -ra+-+ona// affore on5+era/e eferene -o ->e e+5+on5 of ar+-ra-or5,

e= >ae a/5o onu-e a ore 5ear>+ng re+e of ar+-ra/ aar5 +n er-a+n +ru5-ane5 . . . ere are= ->ree

reogn+e groun5 for e aar ru/e5 on ->e on5-+-u-+ona/+- of a 5-a-u-e . . . ?2@ ->eaar +o/a-e5 /ear pu/+ po/+ . . . or ?@ ->e aar on-raene5 one or ore of ->e 5-a-u-or pro5r+p-+on5 of52-

418(a).B ?C+-a-+on5 o+--eJ foo-no-e o+--eJ +n-erna/ 8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@ S$##naer ! Cu%n6s 3

$.##+ #7 C#nne$t%$ut" !C!" 252 C#nn! 41'" 42-28" 4 A!2+ 1*1 (2***). B>e pu/+ po/+ e:ep-+on app/+e5

on/ >en ->e aar +5 /ear/ +//ega/ or /ear/ +o/a-+e of a 5-rong pu/+ po/+ . . . # >a//enge ->a- an aar +5 +n

on-raen-+on of pu/+ po/+ +5 pre+5e on ->e fa- ->a- ->e par-+e5 anno- e:pe- an ar+-ra-+on aar appro+ngonu- >+> +5 +//ega/ or on-rar -o pu/+ po/+ -o ree+e 3u++a/ enor5een- an ore ->an par-+e5 an e:pe- a

our- -o enfore 5u> a on-ra- e-een ->e.B ?In-erna/ 8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@ State ! Ne. En6lan+ 9ealt Care

E0l#/ees Un%#n" 2'5 C#nn! 1" 8" 8* A!2+ 2, (2**).

B)>en a >a//enge -o ->e ar+-ra-or5 au->or+- +5 ae on pu/+ po/+ groun5, >oeer, ->e our- +5 no-onerne +-> ->e orre-ne55 of ->e ar+-ra-or5 e+5+on u- +-> ->e /afu/ne55 of enfor+ng ->e aar.B ?In-erna/

8uo-a-+on ar95 o+--e.@I+. >erefore, Be par- >a//eng+ng ->e aar ear5 ->e uren of pro+ng ->a- +//ega/+- or

onf/+- +-> pu/+ po/+ +5 /ear/ eon5-ra-e.BI+. Conne-+u- our-5 ep/o B


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e +en-+f+e. If 5o, ->e our- ->en e+e5 +f ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar +o/a-e ->e pu/+ po/+.BN#rt :ran7#r+ ! #n+"14 C#nn!A00! 8," ,'" 8 A!+ 1,8 (2*12). >u5, Ba5 een e-er+ne ->a- an ar+-ra/ aar oe5 +p/+a-e a

/ear/ e5-a/+5>e pu/+ po/+, ->e u/-+a-e 8ue5-+on rea+n5 a5 -o >e->er ->e aar +-5e/f opor-5 +-> ->a-

po/+.B S$##naer ! Cu%n6s 3 $.##+ #7 C#nne$t%$ut" !C!" su0ra" 252 C#nn! 42, . Be 8ue5-+on of

>e->er ->e aar +o/a-e5 pu/+ po/+ re8u+re5 e noo 3u++a/ re+e.BAFSCME" C#un$%l 4" $al 2''" su0ra"

25 C#nn! ,*.

#or+ng/, ->e f+r5- 5-ep of ->+5 our-5 ana/5+5 +5 >e->er ->ere +5 a e//;ef+ne pu/+ po/+ aga+n5- ->e u5e of

ar+3uana. #/->oug> ->e efenan-5 argue ->a- ->e pu/+ po/+ on ->e u5e an po55e55+on of ar+3uana +5 no- e//;

ef+ne, ->e #ppe//a-e Cour- >a5 foun -o ->e on-rar. BOur 5-a-e >a5 a e// ef+ne pu/+ po/+ aga+n5- ->e u5e of

ar+3uana. See, e.g., General Statutes 21a-28, 21a-2,J 5ee a/5o State ! a+ua" 2 C#nn! 18" 152-55" 8', A!2+1,2 (2**5).B ?Ep>a5+5 a/-ere.@En7%el+ ! AFSCME C#un$%l 4" $al 1*2," 1** C#nn!A00! 4*" 4'" ,18 A!2+ ,4

(2**). Con5e8uen-/, +n ->e pre5en- a5e, ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar re+n5-a-+ng ->e gr+ean- +p/+a-e5 an e:p/++- an e//;

ef+ne pu/+ po/+ aga+n5- ->e u5e of ar+3uana. >erefore, ->e our- u5- e +55ue of >e->er ->e

ar+-ra-or5 aar +o/a-e5 pu/+ po/+.

%eau5e an e:p/++- pu/+ po/+ +55ue >a5 een e5-a/+5>e, e noo re+e +5 appropr+a-e +n e-er+n+ng >e->er->e ar+-ra-or5 aar +o/a-e5 pu/+ po/+. "egar/e55 of ->e 5-anar of re+e +n ana/+ng ->+5 +55ue, ->e our- +5,

>oeer, /++-e -o ->e fa-5 a5 foun ->e ar+-ra-or. See En7%el+ ! AFSCME C#un$%l 4" $al 1*2," su0ra" 1**

C#nn!A00! 4,. In ->+5 a5e, ->e ar+-ra-or foun ->a- ->e gr+ean- o-> po55e55e an u5e ma-iuana>+/e a- or9.>e ar+-ra-or fur->er foun ->a- ->e gr+ean-5 -e5-+on a5 -o > >e a5 +n po55e55+on of an u5e ma-iuanaa- or9a5 no- re+/e. In a+-+on, ->e ar+-ra-or foun ->a- ->e gr+ean-5 a//ege 5-re55or5 re5u/-+ng fro >+5 per5ona/

pro/e5 o no- +-+ga-e ->e na-ure of >+5 +5onu-. >e ar+-ra-or5 aar 5u5e8uen-/ re+n5-a-e ->e gr+ean-5employmenton ->e groun ->a- ->e +ru5-ane5 of ->e B-er+na-+on +n ->e proper range of

progre55+e +5+p/+ne.B

>e efenan-5, +n argu+ng ->a- ->+5 our- u5- onf+r ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar, re/ on ->e our-5 ru/+ng +nEn7%el+.InEn7%el+, ->e gr+ean-, a po/+e +5pa->er, a5 -er+na-e fro >+5 employment+5 >oe upon ->e e:eu-+on of a 5ear> arran-.En7%el+ ! AFSCME C#un$%l 4" $al 1*2,"

su0ra" 1** C#nn!A00! 41. In orer+ng ->a- ->e -er+na-+on e 5e- a5+e an ->e gr+ean- e re-urne -o >+5 po5+-+on af-er

a f+e;a, unpa+ 5u5pen5+on, ->e ar+-ra-+on pane/ +nEn7%el+foun ->a-, a/->oug> ->e gr+ean- u5e ma-iuana+n >+5>oe, >e neer u5e ma-iuana>+/e on u- an, on5e8uen-/, >+5 ma-iuanau5e >a no +pa- on >+5 or9

perforane.I+!" 42. In reer5+ng ->e -r+a/ our-5 5u5e8uen- aa-ur of ->e ar+-ra-+on aar, ->e #ppe//a-e Cour-

no-e ->a- ->e reer5a/ a5 ue +n par- -o ->e -r+a/ our-5 B+proper fa-;f+n+ng ra->er ->an affor+ng eferene -o ->efa-5 a5 foun ->e ar+-ra-+on pane/.BI+!" 4.

De5p+-e ->e efenan-5 re/+ane onEn7%el+, ->e fa-5 of ->+5 pre5en- a5e are +5-+ngu+5>a/e. InEn7%el+, ->ear+-ra-+on pane/ foun ->a- B->e gr+ean- neer u5e ar+3uana >+/e on u- an ->a- >+5 u5e >a no +pa- on >+5

perforane a- or9.BI+!" 42. In reer5+ng ->e -r+a/ our-5 aa-ur of ->e ar+-ra-+on aar, ->e #ppe//a-e Cour- +n

En7%el+Ba5+e= ->a- er ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar +o/a-e5 pu/+ po/+= +5 groune on

e5e= e ar+-ra-+on pane/.BI+!" 4,. In on-ra5-, +n ->e pre5en- a5e, ->e ar+-ra-or foun ->a-->e gr+ean- Be/+era-e/ -oo9 ar+3uana an p+pe +-> >+ -o u5e >en ->e oa5+on aro5e ur+ng >+5 or9 >our5.B

?#ar, 1H.@ >e ar+-ra-or +n ->e pre5en- a5e fur->er foun ->a- ->e gr+ean-5 Bu-+e5 a5 a S9+//e Ma+n-a+ner . . . o->

+n ->e 5ope of >+5 u-+e5 an ->e area5 >ere >e or95, a9e >+5 u5e of ar+3uana ra+5e a/+ onern5 on ->e S-a-e5

par- a5 -o 5afe- an 5eur+- +55ue5.B ?#ar, 17.@

In rea>+ng +-5 e+5+on +nEn7%el+, ->e #ppe//a-e Cour- re/+e on State ! AFSCME" C#un$%l 4" $al 8" AF&-CIO"

252 C#nn! 4'" 4 A!2+ 48* (2***)?AFSCME" C#un$%l 4" $al 8" AF&-CIO@. In ->a- a5e, ->e Supree Cour-aff+re ->e -r+a/ our-5 aa-ur of ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar >+> re+n5-a-e a orre-+on5 off+er >o a5 -er+na-e for

/ea+ng ra+5- e55age5 on a 5ena-or5 o+ea+/. In rener+ng +-5 e+5+on -o aff+r ->e -r+a/ our-5 aa-ur, ->e Supree

Cour- 5-a-e

B>e a- ->e ar+-ra-or a--ep-e -o e:u5e e gr+ean-5= onu- a5 ->e ou-gro-> of ar+ou5

per5ona/ 5-re55or5, u- + a- >e +, +n fa-, /eae ->e 5-+pu/a-e e55age for ->e /eg+5/a-or . . . #5 ->e -r+a/ our-

ap-/ e -er+na-+on of e gr+ean-= a5 pro+e for +n ->e e ar+-ra-or;;ou/, er 5+p/, 5en ->e e55age ->a- 5-re55,or poor 3ugen-, or o->er fa-or5, 5oe>o rener5 ->e onu- per+55+/e or e:u5a/e . . . )e o no- >o/ ->a- a

+o/a-+on of a r++na/ 5-a-u-e +5 a per 5e pu/+ po/+ +o/a-+on 5uff++en- -o 3u5-+f aa-+ng an ar+-ra-or5 e+5+on.


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Page 6


In5-ea, e on/ue ->a- ->+5 a5e po5e5 a narro, /a-an- e:ap/e of ->e epar-en- of orre-+on5 proper e:er+5e +-5poer -o +5+55.

B#or+ng/, e on/ue ->a- ->+5 a5e re5-5 58uare/ +->+n ->e narro e:ep-+on are ou- of ->e roa

au->or+- gran-e -o ar+-ra-or5. !ere, ->e -r+a/ our- proper/ on/ue ->a- an ar+-ra-+on aar +o/a-e a /ear/

ef+ne pu/+ po/+ eau5e ->e aar re+n5-a-e a 5-a-e employee>o5e onu- /a-an-/ +o/a-e o-> a r++na/

5-a-u-e an ->e employmentregu/a-+on5 a5 5e- for-> ->e e ar+-ra-or +n ->e pre5en- a5e ou/ 5en ->e e55age ->a-5-re55 e:per+ene +n one5 per5ona/ /+fe 5oe>o e:u5e5 ->e u5e of ma-iuana+n ->e or9p/ae. >u5, ->e ar+-ra-or5

aar +n ->e pre5en- a5e +o/a-e5 a /ear/ ef+ne pu/+ po/+.

In ->e+r ro55 app/+a-+on -o onf+r ar+-ra-+on aar, ->e efenan-5 fur->er argue ->a-, ue -o ->e fa- ->a- ->e

gr+ean- a5 +agno5e +-> an:+e- an epre55+on pr+or -o ->e +n+en-, aa-ur of ->e ar+-ra-+on aar +5 +proper

eau5e pu/+ po/+ +5ourage5 +5r++na-+on of employees+-> +5a+/+-+e5. In a9+ng ->+5 arguen-, ->eefenan-5 re/ on General Statutes 4'a-'*(a)(1). Se$t%#n 4'a-'*(a)(1)pro+e5 +n re/ean- par- ->a- Ba// e a

+5r++na-or pra-+e . . . arge fro ep/oen- an +n++ua/ . . . ;e$auseof ->e+n++ua/5 . . . pre5en- or pa5- >+5-or of en-a/ +5a+/+- . . .B ?Ep>a5+5 ae.@ #/->oug> ->e efenan-5 are orre-

+n a55er-+ng ->a- epre55+on fa//5 uner e a+- of Ben-a/ +5a+/+-B uner4'a-'*(a)(1)J 5ee:r%+6e0#rt9#s0! ! C#%ss%#n #n 9uan R%6ts 3 O00#rtun%t%es" 22 C#nn! ,1" '5 A!2+ 82 (1,,5)J no->+ng +n ->e reor

+n+a-e ->a- ->e gr+ean- a5 +5>arge ;e$auseof >+5 epre55+on an an:+e-. #5 +n+a-e +n ->e ar+-ra-or5 e+5+on,

->e gr+ean-5 -er+na-+on /e--er 5-a-e ->a- >+5 +5+55a/ a5 Ba5e on >+5 u5e of a on-ro//e 5u5-ane >+/e on u- . .

.B ?#ar, 2.@ >erefore, ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar anno- e onf+re on ->+5 groun.

'+na//, ->e efenan-5 argue ->a-, ->e ar+-ra-or5 aar u5- e onf+re +n /+g>- of ->e fa- ->a- ->e BS-a-e +5

urren-/ +p/een-+ng ->e /ega/+a-+on of e+a/ ar+3uana.B #/->oug> ->e efenan-5 are aura-e +n 5-a-+ng ->e /a,

no->+ng +n ->e reor5 +n+a-e ->a- ->e gr+ean- a5 pre5r+e ar+3uana. >e ar+-ra-or, +n >+5 aar an op+n+on,

a9e5 no f+n+ng ->a- ->e gr+ean- a5 pre5r+e ar+3uana or ->a- +- a5 e+a// nee55ar for >+ -o u5e ar+3uana-o -rea- >+5 epre55+on an an:+e-. #5 ->+5 our-5 re+e +5 /++-e -o ->e fa-5 a5 foun ->e ar+-ra-or, ->e ar+-ra-or5

aar anno- e onf+re on ->+5 groun.

CONCLUSION

'or ->e forego+ng rea5on5, ->e our- gran-5 ->e S-a-e5 app/+a-+on -o aa-e ->e ar+-ra-+on aar an en+e5 ->e

efenan-5 app/+a-+on -o e ar+-ra-+on aar.

"oa+na, &.


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State of Connecticut v Connecticut Employees Union Independent

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