State of California: Governing in the Information Age

Invited as Keynote Speaker

Sacramento, CA

November 28, 2001

Larry SmarrDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSDDirector, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Challenges of Emergency PreparednessThat the Future Internet Will Impact

• How Do We Know:– The Detailed Current State of the System NOW?– What the Future Evolution of the Situation is Likely to Be?

• How Can We Achieve:– An Overall Situational Awareness?– A Common Operational Picture?

• How Do We Communicate With:– Crisis Managers?– First Responders?

• How Can We Decide:– Which Problem to Attack First?– Which Assets Should Be Deployed Where and When?

Digital Government Will Be on the Front Lines!

Governor Davis Has Initiated Four New Institutes for Science and Innovation

UCSBUCLA

California NanoSystems Institute

UCSF UCB

California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society

UCSC

UCDUCM

www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

Cal-(IT)2

An Integrated Approach to the Future Internet

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

Partnered With Over 50 Companies

How Can the “Future Internet” Enhance Capabilities for Emergency Preparedness?

• Enabled by Expansion of Internet Infrastructure– Wireless Extends Coverage Everywhere– Optical Backbone Provides High Bandwidth– New Generation of Sensors and Receivers

• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories– Collaborative Crisis Management Centers– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases

• Building a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border– Collaboration with City, County, and State Govts.

A Similar Layered Architecture is Needed for Defense and Civilian Emergency Response

www.ndia-sd.org/docs/NDIA_20June00.pdf

SPAWARSystemsCenter

San Diego

We Are About to Transition to a Mobile Internet

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Third Generation Cellular SystemsWill Add Mobility, QoS, and High Speeds

Source: Ericsson

Cellular Internet is Already Here At Experimental Sites

• UCSD Has Been First Beta Test Site – Qualcomm’s 1xEV Cellular Internet

• Optimized for Packet Data Services– Uses a 1.25 MHz channel

– 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate– Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family– Can Be Used as Stand-Alone

• Chipsets in Development Support– PacketVideo’s PVPlayer™ MPEG-4– gpsOne™ Global Positioning System– Bluetooth– MP3– MIDI– BREW

Rooftop HDR Access Point

Cal-(IT)2 Is Working on Interoperability of Wireless Internet LAN and WAN

Available Now

6 months

12 months

Wireless LANs

Wireless WANAll of 2001

The FCC Unlicensed Band Can be Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone

• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• A Cal-(IT)2

Academic Partner

• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications

• Enables Internet Deployment to Remote Locations

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

HPWREN Project Demo of Fast Setup Wireless Internet for Crisis Response

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide26.JPG

A Cal-(IT)2

Academic Partner

Cal-(IT)2 Wireless Services Middleware: Emerging Pieces

Cal-(IT)2 Wireless Services Interface

UCI WirelessInfrastructures

UCSD WirelessInfrastructures

Cal-(IT)2 Applications

From Cal-(IT)2 Mobile Software Summit at UCI J. Pasquale, UCSD

Real-TimeServices

Mobile Code

LocationAwareness

PowerControl Security Data

Management

Integrating Wireless, Sensor and Data-Management Technologies

Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner

Cal-(IT)2 Plans Environmental SensorNets

• Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development– Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry– Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO

– Later Add CO2, Ozone, NOx

– Partnering with Graviton

• Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites – UCSD Campus– Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve

– Rapid Prototyping Site– Linked to UCSD via HPWREN

The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges

New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links

Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install

Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to

Crisis Management Control Rooms

Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

Data-Loggers

Se

nso

r

LocalData Hub

ControlCenter

PC104

WirelessInternet

Se

nso

r

Se

nso

r

UC

I

Users

UC

SD

Cal

tra

ns

Workstation

Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering

Real-Time Monitoring of BridgesThrough Wireless Internet

Fleets of Cars Will Become Wireless Sensor Platforms

• Cal-(IT)2 Autonet Concept– Car Becomes a Mobile Internet, Peer-to-Peer Platform– Enables Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control– Goal is Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control

• UC Irvine’s Institution of Transportation Studies– Creating a ZEVNET “Living Laboratory”

– Initially 50 Toyota Zero Emission Electric Cars

– Cal-(IT)2 Adds GPS Tracking, Wireless • Transforms UCI’s Caltrans Advanced Transportation

Management Systems Testbed into a Wireless SensorNet Testbed

Source: Will Recker, UCI

Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots

General Atomics Predator(Air Force, CIA)

300 Inches

UC Berkeley Aerobot(ARO, DARPA, ONR)

20 Inches

UC Berkeley Micromechanical

Flying Insect Project

1 Inch

(DARPA, ONR)

UC Berkeley29 Palms SensorWeb Experiment

• Goals– Deploy a Sensor Network Onto a Road From an

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)– Detect and Track Vehicles Passing Through the Network– Transfer Vehicle Track Information From the Ground

Network to the UAV– Transfer Vehicle Track Information From the UAV to an

Observer at the Base Camp

Smart Dust – UC Berkeley

Cal-(IT)2 Plans for Adding Wireless Sensorsto Systems-on-Chip

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

Applications

Sensors

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE; Rajesh Gupta, UCI ICS

EmbeddedSoftware

Radio

Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems

Internet

Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors

Millions of Video Cameras Are Attaching to the Net

• London Underground– Initially 25,000 Video Cameras– Expansion to 250,000 Possible– British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec.

– Source: Telindus

• British CCTV System– Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times)

– Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day

– Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas

• Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA in 5-7 Years– Privacy International Prediction

Image Processing /

Analysis

Traffic Data

Parking Lot and Traffic Information

to User

User Submits Destination Parking Lot

Query

Handheld Device

Video Feed of Parking Lot to Server

Wireless Camera

Agents Will Intermediate Between Us and the Grid

UCI Campus Parking and Traffic AgentSharad Mehrotra, UCI

Database Repository

However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations

Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms are Needed for Managing Crisis Response

• Integrate– Situational Awareness– Common Operational Picture– Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access– AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases– Spatial Data Analysis – Consequences Assessment Tool Set

Source: Panoram Technologies

Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays for Seismic and Geosciences Monitoring

Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

Building Metro Optical Laboratories to Evaluate Emergency Preparedness Systems

• High Resolution Visualization Facilities– Data Analysis– Crisis Management

• Distributed Collaboration– Optically Linked– Integrate Access Grid

• Data and Compute– PC Clusters– AI Data Mining

• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications– Civil Infrastructure– Environmental Systems– Medical Facilities

SDSCSIO

UCSD

Linking Control Rooms

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM,TeraBurst Networks

UCSD HealthcareSD Telecom Council

California’s CENIC is Providing High Performance Optical Backbone Networks

CENIC Optical Network Infrastructure (ONI) Initiative

NSFTeraGrid

Cal-(IT)2 Metro Optical

Testbed

From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings

Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

Creating a Virtual Crisis Management TeamUsing Broadband Optical Fiber

Web Browser - Portal Interface

Portal Engine User PreferencesState Values

Data Gather

XML HTML

Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature

Analysis Tools:- Pattern Recognition- GIS Queries- Data Mining- Multi-Sensor Fusion

Applications:- Epidemiology- Transportation Systems- ...

Common Portal ArchitectureCustomized for Crisis Management

Built on Prior SDSC and NCSA Work

Mediation of Information Using XMLAllows Federation of Heterogeneous Databases

Source: Gupta, Marciano, Zaslavsky, & Baru (SDSC)

Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step

CRIMINALJUSTICE

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

PUBLICHEALTH

SECURITY

INTEGRATEDINTELLIGENCE

SYSTEM

Local

State

Federal

INFORMATIONSOURCES

Cal-(IT)2 is Partnering With SAIC On Emergency Preparedness

The Salt Lake City Olympics SAIC Solution

GIS Based Crisis Management Software Tools--SAIC’s Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS)

• Prediction of Disaster Evolution– Hurricane, Earthquake, Terror

• Casualty Distribution Probabilities• Response Management

Source: SAIC

CATS California Governmental Users

• Burbank Fire Department

• Chino Valey Independent Fire District

• City of Anaheim

• City of Bakersfield Fire Department

• Colton Police Department

• Fremont Fire Department

• Kern County Fire Dept

• Idyllwild Fire Protection District

• Kings County Fire Department

• Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department

• Marin County Fire Department

• Metro Water District of Southern CA

• Red Bluff Police Department

• Sacramento Reg. Fire/EMS Comm Center

• San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Depart.

• San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District

• San Diego County of Environmental Health

• San Diego County Health and Human Services

• San Diego County Office of Disaster Preparedness

• San Diego Fire and Life Safety Services

• San Diego Police Department

• Shasta County Sherrif

• Yuba City Fire Department

HOTLINKs for Damage Locations using GPS and Digital Photos on

GIS

Integrate Remote Reconnaissance with Satellite Imagery and Ground SensorNets

Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering

HPWREN Can Provide High Speed Wireless Internet to Remote First Responders

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide24.JPG

California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention

Handheld Devices Can Have Supercomputers & Huge Databases “Inside Them”

802.11b Wireless

Interactive Access to:• State of Computer• Job Status• Application Codes

Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread Use of Wireless PDAs

• Makes Campus “Transparent”– See Into Departments, Labs, and Libraries

• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PC PDAs – Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and Engineering

• Software Developed– ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions– ActiveCampus: Geolocation and Resource Discovery– Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On

• Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002– Sixth College Will be “Born Wireless”– Theme: Art, Culture, and Technology– Study Adoption and Discover New Services

Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabrielle Wienhausen

ActiveCampus Explorer:PDA Roamer / FindMe Interface

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE

Text/SMSText/SMS

Text/MailText/Mail

ImagesImagesMMSMMS

VideoVideoDownloadDownload

VideoVideoSteamingSteaming

The 3rd Generation Cellular InfrastructureWill Enable Broadband Personal Devices

Source: Ericsson

3G Is Estimated to Grow From 1.3% of the Wireless Market in 2002

to 23% in 2007

Cross Linking Fixed and Mobile Video Cameras--Making Collaboration Mobile

Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD

Researching the Use of Internet Robots in Disaster Assistance

Heads Up Displays for First Responders-Augmented Reality Overlaying the Physical and Cyber Realities

Source: Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT, Univ Washington, UCSD