State & markets
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Transcript of State & markets
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States & Markets
Dynamic theme as a World Indicator
By Abhijit Pathak
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State & Markets
Principle indicator which facilitates other indicators to thrive and play
their role in growth and development.
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Indicators Shaping States &Markets Are
• Economic activity - facilitates growth of the economy, helps in reduction of poverty. Economic activity may be determined by the govt regulations, tax rates, credits etc.
• Financial system- stock markets & banks are the source of finance. Lower economy are more relied on banking structure where as higher economy enjoys confidence of investors, so it is more stock market oriented.
• Open economy, effective macroeconomic policies, protection of investors, acute legal system facilitates financial markets.
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Continued…
• Tax revenue- required to cover public expenditures. Low ratio tax revenue shows weak administration and subjected to evasion of taxes.
• Military expenditure- higher military expenditure shows failure of foreign diplomacy and belligerency towards neighbours disrupts the growth of the economy.
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Continued..
• Infrastructure- nature of infrastructure offered by the economy also define the kind and quantity of investment received by the economy.
• High technology exports- shows the advancement of infrastructure and nature of economy whether the product oriented or supply oriented.
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Major changes in last few decades
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Continued _________
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Electricity consumptions many inferences
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Regressive taxation bane for lower incomes and boon for investors.
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Global Links
• Present world is composed of open economy which is mainly characterized with trade of goods & services, financial flows and movement of people.
• Global links measures the size and direction of flows and pick out the few indicators which decides the flow.
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Components of global links
• Trade in goods.• Tourisms.• Migration & personal remittances.• Equity inflows.• External debt.
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Major highlights in last few years
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Relying on domestic non- banking funds shows the churning feature of economy.
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World recession showed moderate effects on middle income economies
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Reduction in debt ratios shows recovery and boom of exports
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Defeat of communal harmony disrupts developmental activities.
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Commodity prices fall means existence of recession in world markets