State: KERALA Agriculture Contingency Plan for District ...
Transcript of State: KERALA Agriculture Contingency Plan for District ...
State: KERALA
Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: MALAPPURAM
1.0 District Agriculture profile
District agriculture profile1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Central Zone
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) High lands: Central and south Sahyadris, hot moist, subhumid to humid eco-subregion (19.2)Coastal belt: Konkan, Karnataka and Kerala Coastal Plain, hot humid to perhumid eco-subregion(19.3)
Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) West coast plains and ghat region (XII)
Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Central Zone (KE-3)
List all the districts or part thereof falling under theNARP Zone
Malappuram, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Palakkad, Wayanad
Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude
10040’- 11032’ N 75048’- 76033’ E 40 MSL
Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS Pattambi, Mele Pattambi P.O., Palakkad Pin-679306
Mention the KVK located in the district Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tavanur P.O., Malappuram Pin- 679573
1.2 Rainfall NormalRF(mm)
NormalRainydays(number)
Normal Onset( specify week and month)
Normal Cessation(specify week and month)
SW monsoon (June-Sep): 2053.0 81 First week of June First week of September
NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 458.1 13 Second week of October Second week of NovemberWinter (Jan- March) 5.5 1 - -
Summer (Apr-May) 276.5 11 - -
Annual 2793.3 106 - -
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1.3
Land usepattern of thedistrict (lateststatistics)Source:(Farm Guide 2011)
Geographicalarea(‘000 HA)
Forest area Land undernon-agriculturaluse
Permanentpastures
Cultivablewasteland
LandunderMisc.treecropsandgroves
Barrenanduncultivableland
Currentfallows
Otherfallows
Area (‘000 ha) 355.4 103.4 39.5 0.017 5.0 Notavailabl
e
1.8 9.9 4.6
1. 4 Major Soils (common names like shallowred soils etc.,)
Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total
1. Loamy sand soils 20.4 5.7
2. Laterate soils 248.7 70.5
3. Silty clay loam soils 49.0 14.1
4.Clay loam soils 36.6 10.6
Others (specify):1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity %
Net sown area 185.0132%Area sown more than once 59.4
Gross cropped area 244.6
1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha)
Net irrigated area 23.7
Gross irrigated area 26.5Rainfed area 161.4
Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated areaCanals 1.5 5.50
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Tanks NA 2.6 10.0
Open wells NA 12.02 45.2
Bore wells NA 0.312 1.174
Lift irrigation NA 4.4 16.6
Micro-irrigation
Other sources 6.0 22.6Total Irrigated Area 26.8Pump sets 179No. of Tractors 272
Groundwater availability and use* (Datasource: State/Central Ground waterDepartment /Board)
No. of blocks/Tehsils
(%) area
Over exploited nilCritical nilSemi- critical NilSafe 14 61 %Wastewater availability and use N.A.Ground water quality Generally good
1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2008-09)
1.7 Major Field Crops cultivated Area (‘000 ha)
Kharif Rabi Summer Total
Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed
Paddy 1.7 7.7 1.5 11.0
Sesamum 0.2 0.2
Horticulture crops - Fruits Total areaBanana 8.7
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Horticultural crops - Vegetables Total areaCucumber 0.4Pumpkin 0.2Ash gourd 0.2Bitter gourd 0.1Ladies Finger 0.1
Medicinal and Aromatic crops Total areaMedicinal plants 0.04Lemon grass 0.004
Plantation crops Total areaCoconut 105.8Rubber 36.9Arecanut 19.5Pepper 6.0Cashew 5.4
Fodder crops Total areaFodder grass 0.04
Total fodder crop area 0.04
Grazing land -
Sericulture etc -
Others (Specify) Betelvine 0.2
1.8 Livestock Male (‘000) Female (‘000) Total (‘000)
Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 2.2 5.3 7.5Crossbred cattle 24.1 100.3 124.4Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 1.5 2.9 4.4Graded Buffaloes 0.4 5.8 6.3Goat 73.8 78.0 151.8Sheep Nil nil NilOthers (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 1.6 0.6 2.2Commercial dairy farms (Number) 150
1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000)
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CommercialBackyard 772.6
1.10 Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer)
A. Capture
i) Marine (Data Source: Fisheries Department) No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storagefacilities
(Iceplantsetc.)
Mechanized Non-mechanized
Mechanized(Trawl nets,
Gill nets)
Non-mechanized
(ShoreSeines,Stake &
trap nets)
86440 1640 1200 23678 364
ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries Department)No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks
3519 93
B. Culture
Water Spread Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (‘000 tons)
i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/ Fisheries Department) 45.9 1.0 0.04
ii) Fresh water (Data Source: Fisheries Department) 168.0 3.0 0.5
Others
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1.11 Production and Productivity of major crops (Average of last 5 years: 2004, 05, 06, 07, 08)
1.11 Name ofcrop
Kharif Rabi Summer Total Cropresidue
asfodder(‘000tons)
Production('000 t)
Productivity(kg/ha)
Production('000 t)
Productivity(kg/ha)
Production('000 t)
Productivity(kg/ha)
Production('000 t)
Productivity (kg/ha)
Major Field crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)
Paddy7.7 2068.2 17.6
2010.45.2 3377.5 30.7 2183.3
-
Sesamum - - - - 0.1 366.5 0.1 366.5 -
Major Horticultural crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)Coconut - - - - - - 864 million
nuts7788nuts/
ha-
Rubber - - - - - - 50.1 1505.00 -Arecanut - - - - - - 16.6 897.00 -Banana - - - - - - 93.3 7716.25 -Pepper - - - - - - 1.2 119.00 -
Others Cashew - - - - - - 5.4 546.75 -
1.12 Sowing window for 5 majorfield crops(start and end of normal sowingperiod)
Rice Sesamum
Kharif- Rainfed Second fortnight of May – Second fortnight of June -Kharif-Irrigated - -Rabi- Rainfed First fortnight of SeptemberRabi-Irrigated September - October
Summer December - January
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1.13
What is the major contingency the district is prone to? (Tick mark and mention years if known during the last10 year period)
Regular Occasional None
Drought √
Flood √
Cyclone √
Hail storm √
Heat wave
Cold wave √
Frost √
Sea water intrusion √
Pests and diseases (specify) √Others
1.14 Include Digital maps of the district for Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: No
Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: No
Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: No
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2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies
2.1 Drought
2.1.1 Rainfed situation
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)
Major Farmingsituation
Normal Crop/croppingsystem
Change incrop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Delay by 2 weeksJune 3rd week
Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulamseries gravelly clayTreble cropped wetland
Rice- Rice- Rice No change Go for direct seeding in thefirst crop with Shortduration variety like Jyothi.
Adopt mat nurserypreparation and mechanizedtransplanting for 2nd and 3rd
crop with short durationvarieties
The mechanizationpart can beimplemented withDistrict Panchayatand Krishi bhavanprojects
Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulamseries gravelly clay
Double croppedwet lands
Rice-Rice No change Direct seeding with the useof pre emergent herbicidescan be taken up.
Short duration varieties mustbe chosen for the first cropMechanized transplantingand mat nursery preparationcan be adopted in all areasexcept heavy clay soils
Adopt closer spacing andhigher dose of N if olderseedlings are to be used
-do-
Rice-Rice- Vegetables
Rice-Rice-Sesamum
Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulam
Rice-Banana Adopt short durationvarieties; Go for directsowing of Rice to enableearly planting of banana.
Mechanized planting can beadopted in other than heavyclayey areas
Link withPanchayats formechanization
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series gravelly clay
Single cropped wetlands
Rice-Tapioca Adopt short durationvarieties Go for directsowing to enable earlyplanting of Tapioca.
Mechanized planting can beadopted in other than heavyclayey areas
Select short durationvarieties of Tapioca likeVellayani Hraswa
The availability ofSD variety ofTapioca is to beensured withCTCRI
Link withPanchayats formechanization
Rice-Fallow-Pulses Better to go for late plantingwith medium durationvarieties such as Uma as thesecond crop season is fallow
Linkage withPanchayats
Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typicalkole lands)
No measures required asthere is no crop during thefirst two crop seasons
Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulamseries gravelly clayVazhikkadavu seriessandy clay loamGarden lands
Coconut based homesteads withArecanut , Banana and Pepper
No change Do mulching with cropresidues, dry leaves, etc.
Follow Micro sprinklerirrigation.
Do organic manuring withvermicompost.
Linked with SHMscheme on microirrigation
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarlyseasondrought(delayedonset)
Major Farming situation Normal Crop/croppingsystem
Change incrop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Delay by 4weeksJuly 1st
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloam
Rice- Rice- Rice No change. But gofor Short durationvarieties in 3
Wet seeding and sowing ofpre germinated seeds canbe done
Linkage with seed villageprogramme
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week Naduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayTreble cropped wet land
seasonsMedium durationRice for earlysecond crop+Vegetables
Water , if available fromwater harvesting structurechange in cropping systemneed not be adopted
Department schemes onwater harvesting can belinked
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayDouble cropped wet lands
Rice-Rice No change Possible with protectiveirrigation from waterharvesting structures
Do mulching and organicmanuring for vegetables
Adopt mechanization forRice
Department schemes onwater harvesting can belinkedDepartment schemes formechanization + NREGScan be utilized
Rice-Rice- Vegetables Medium durationRice + vegetables
Rice-Rice-Sesamum Medium durationRice + Sesamum
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclaySingle cropped wet lands
Rice-Banana No change Go for short durationpaddy like Hraswaadopting mechanization
Panchayat schemes onmechanization + NREGS
Rice-Tapioca No change Go for short durationvariety of Rice and shortduration variety of TapiocaVellayani Hrawswa
Rice-Fallow-Pulses No change Mulching + selection ofshort duration and hardypulses like Greengram
Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kole lands)
No change
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayVazhikkadavu series sandy clayloamGarden lands
Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Banana andPepper
No change Adopting mulchingpractices
Continue micro irrigationtill the onset of monsoon
Delay fertilizer application Adopt copious organic
manure application Apply lime upto about 2
meters on the trunk of thecoconut palms to protectfrom untimely hightemperature
Department ofAgriculture Microirrigation scheme
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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarlyseasondrought(delayedonset)
Major Farming situation Normal Crop/croppingsystem
Change incrop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Delay by 6weeksJuly 3rd
week
Not Applicable Department schemes onwater harvesting can beutilizedLinked with Pulsesscheme of theDepartment ofAgriculture
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)
Major Farming situation NormalCrop/croppingsystem
Change incrop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Delay by 8 weeks
August 1st week
Not Applicable Linkage with districtpanchayath and Deptschemes on microirrigation
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (Normalonset)
Major Farming situation NormalCrop/croppingsystem
Crop management Soil nutrient & moistureconservation measures
Remarks onImplementation
Normal onsetfollowed by 15-20 days dry spellafter sowingleading to poorgermination/cropstand etc.
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clayTreble cropped wet land
Rice- Rice- Rice
Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose
Apply bulky organicmanures.
Restrict irrigation to criticalstages only
Link with Lift irrigationscheme of Minorirrigation Department
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Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clayDouble cropped wet lands
Rice-Rice Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose
Rice-Rice- Vegetables Select short durationvarieties for secondcropFollow microirrigation andmulching forvegetables.Foliar application ofnutrients.
Rice-Rice-Sesamum Select short durationvarieties for secondcrop.Select varieties likeThilak for thirdcrop. Foliarapplication ofnutrients can bedone
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clay
Single cropped wet lands
Rice-Banana Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose.
Apply bulky organicmanures. Mulching andmicro irrigation for banana
Rice-Tapioca Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose
Apply bulky organicmanures.
Rice-Fallow-Pulses Give irrigation atcritical stages of thecrop
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Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clayVazhikkadavu series sandyclay loamGarden lands
Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Banana andPepper
Insitu greenmanuring andvermicompostapplication
Husk burial, mulching,intercropping with covercrops
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMid seasondrought (longdry spell,consecutive 2weeks rainless(>2.5 mm)period)
Major Farming situation NormalCrop/croppingsystem
Crop management Soil nutrient & moistureconservation measures
Remarks onImplementation
At vegetativestage
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Treble cropped wet land
Rice- Rice- Rice Foliar application ofUrea 2% at 2 weeksinterval.Under semidrysituation, whereinsowing is alreadyover, practicethinning of cropstand, reduce plantpopulation and usethe biomass asmulchLife savingirrigation withavailable water.
Application of P and K as basalReduce N dose.
Link with Dept.Schemes, NREGS
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravelly
Rice-Rice Application of P and K as basal,Reduce N dose.Mulching, microirrigation
Rice-Rice-Vegetables
Rice-Rice-Sesamum
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clayDouble cropped wet lands
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclaySingle cropped wet lands
Rice-Banana
Rice-Tapioca
Rice-Fallow-Pulses
Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayVazhikkadavu series sandyclay loamGarden lands
Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Bananaand Pepper
Life savingirrigation
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMid seasondrought (long dryspell)
Major Farming situation NormalCrop/croppingsystem
Crop management Soil nutrient &moistureconservationmeasures
Remarks onImplementation
At flowering/fruiting stage
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Rice- Rice- Rice If the Rice crop fails it canbe cut and converted to useas fodder/silage. Whereverpossible provide life savingirrigation
Mulching, microirrigation. Dofrequent applicationof low dose of N
SHM, RKVY, NREGS,Dept. schemes
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Treble cropped wet land
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Double cropped wet lands
Rice-RiceRice-Rice-Vegetables
Rice-Rice-Sesamum
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Single cropped wet lands
Rice-BananaRice-TapiocaRice-Fallow-PulsesFallow-Fallow-Rice
(Typical kole lands)
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Vazhikkadavu series sandyclay loam
Garden lands
Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Bananaand Pepper
Life saving irrigation, Huskburial, cover cropping
Mulching, microirrigation.Do frequentapplication of lowdose of N
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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresTerminaldrought
Major Farming situation NormalCrop/croppingsystem
Crop management Rabi Crop planning Remarks onImplementation
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayTreble cropped wet land
Rice- Rice- Rice Give life saving irrigationIf the Rice crop fails it canbe cut and converted to useas fodder/silage
Adopt mulching and microirrigation for vegetables
Adopt micro irrigation forbanana and vegetables
Continue mulchingpractices with cropresidues, dry leaves, etc. forcoconut
Use short durationvarieties for 2nd
crop Maintain the soil
in sub-saturatedcondition, followalternate dryingand wetting
2nd crop of Ricecan be skipped sothat the vegetablescan start early
Banana andTapioca can beintercropped withcowpea in theinitial 3 months
Arecanut, Bananaand Pepper haveto be givenmulching
Linked with minorirrigation Department forpumping water from Liftirrigation schemes
Link with Microirrigation, waterharvesting and seedsupply schemes of theDepartment ofAgriculture
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayDouble cropped wet lands
Rice-RiceRice-Rice-VegetablesRice-Rice-Sesamum
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclaySingle cropped wet lands
Rice-BananaRice-TapiocaRice-Fallow-PulsesFallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayVazhikkadavu series sandyclay loam
Garden lands
Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Bananaand Pepper
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2.1.2 Irrigated situation
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal
Crop/croppingsystem
Change in crop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Delayed releaseof water in canalsdue to lowrainfall
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Treble cropped wetland
Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-sesame/pulses Avoidtransplanting tillsufficient water isreceived.
Follow stressirrigation scheduleas per package.
Exploit harvestedwater
Linked with NREGS forcropping activities ofSesamum and pulses
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Double cropped wet lands
Rice-RiceRice-Rice-VegetablesRice-Rice-Sesamum
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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal
Crop/croppingsystem
Change incrop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Limited release ofwater in canalsdue to lowrainfall
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Treble cropped wetland
Rice-Rice-Rice Rice (shortduration) -hardypulses/Sesamum
Irrigation at critical stages only. Raising community nursery Cultivation of drought tolerant
varieties like Vaisakh,Swarnaprabha, etc
If irrigation water is available atlater stage and transplanting isdelayed adopt closer spacing,increase the number of seedlings to3-4 numbers/hill and give additionalN @ 5 Kg/ha
Bund planting/ Fringe cropping withvegetables such as cowpea can alsobe adopted
Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Double cropped wet lands
Rice-RiceRice-Rice-VegetablesRice-Rice-Sesamum
Rice (shortduration) -hardypulses/Sesamum
Irrigation at critical stages only.
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal
Crop/croppingsystem
Change in crop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Non release ofwater in canalsunder delayedonset of monsoonin catchment
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-pulses/sesame Follow mulchingpractices,Adopt microirrigation forrabi/summer crop
Dept. scheme on pulsesand micro irrigation
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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal
Crop/croppingsystem
Change in crop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Treble cropped wetland Use short duration varietiesfor Rice, vegetables andSesamum
Follow mulchingpractices forvegetables ,Adopt microirrigation forrabi/summer crop
Dept. scheme on pulsesand micro irrigationTriprangode Series loamy
sandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Double cropped wet lands
Rice-RiceRice-Rice-VegetablesRice-Rice-Sesamum
Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal
Crop/croppingsystem
Change in crop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Insufficientgroundwaterrecharge due tolow rainfall
Treble cropped wet landsTriprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravelly
Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-Rice-Sesame Check dams,Percolation pits, Rainwater harvesting,Water conservationmeasures
Water harvesting andmicro irrigation schemesof dept., NREGS
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Double cropped wet lands
Rice-RiceRice-Rice-VegetablesRice-Rice-Sesamum
Rice- pulses/sesame
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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal
Crop/croppingsystem
Change in crop/croppingsystem
Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation
Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay
Single cropped wet lands
Rice-BananaRice-TapiocaRice-Fallow-PulsesFallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)
Rice (short duration) – shortduration Tapioca
Garden landsCoconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Bananaand Pepper
No change
2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)
Condition Suggested contingency measure
Continuous high rainfall in ashort span leading to waterlogging
Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest
Rice Improve drainage facility Improve drainage facility Improve drainage facility,Cultivation of varieties havingseed dormancy, Harvest thecrop at physiological maturity.
Improve storagefacility/godownsHorticulture
Provide drainage facilities to perennials. In case of crop failure (banana, vegetables) plant shortduration varieties of vegetables, pulses, oilseeds, minor millets, tuber crops etc and store the excessrain water
CoconutArecanutBananaPepperVegetables
Heavy rainfall with high speed winds in a short span
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Rice Not applicable for Rice
Provide better storagefacility to store
coconut, Arecanut,
Horticulture
Banana, vegetablesArecanut, Coconut, pepper
Improve drainage facilityProvide Shelter belts, Follow alley cropping, Improve drainage facility, Do propping of banana,Ensure that Crop insurance is done
Outbreak of pests and diseases due to unseasonal rains
Rice Cultivation of resistant varieties, Use disease free healthy planting material. Application of bio-control agents like Pseudomonas against fungal diseases in banana and Trichoderma enriched FYMfor coconut against stem bleeding, Use of disease free seeds, Proper seed treatment, Balancedapplication of fertilizers, Phyto-sanitation, provide better drainage, Crop insurance
Take precautionarytreatment of storagestructures withchemicals againststored product pests
HorticultureCoconutArecanutBananaPepperVegetables2.3 Floods
Condition Suggested contingency measures
Transient water logging/partial inundation1
Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest
Rice Give proper drainage and gap filling in early stages. Prefer to all varieties in areas wheresuch transient water logging is anticipated
Harvest the crop atphysiological maturity,Cultivation of varietieshaving seed dormancy
HorticultureCoconut Timely cleaning, de-silting and deepening of natural water reservoir and drainage channels,
Construction and protection of all the flood protection embankments, ring bunds and otherbunds.
Arecanut
Banana Follow raised bed/mount/ridge planting/mount planting
Pepper Timely cleaning, de-silting and deepening of natural water reservoir and drainage channels,Construction and protection of all the flood protection embankments, ring bunds and otherbunds.
Vegetables Follow raised bed/mount/ridge planting/mount planting and provide adequate drainage
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Continuous submergence for more than 2 days
Rice
Shift to direct seeding of short duration varieties if crop fails.If the crop fails and water recedes grow short duration varieties of pulses, oilseeds, minor
millets, green manure crops, Cultivation of flood tolerant varieties, Crop insurance,Improve drainage facility,
HorticultureCoconut
Improve drainage by deepening and cleaning of drainage channelsArecanutBananaPepperVegetables
2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone - Nil
Condition Suggested contingency measuresHeatwave NA
Coldwave NA
Frost NA
Hailstorm NA
Cyclone NA
2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries
2.5.1 Livestock
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
Drought
Feed and fodderavailability
Feed can be stored and fodderconverted to silage & hay. Storeconcentrates. Cultivation of
Fodder converted to silage and Hay canbe used. Straw also can be used forfeeding. Concentrates stored can be
When rain starts, fodder cuttings can be planted and seedcan be sown for getting enough fodder.
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fodder trees. utilized.
Drinking waterStorage of water in tanks Stored water can be used and cold water
used for drinkingRain water harvesting should be done.
Health anddiseasemanagement
Vaccination of animals Plantingof trees should be done aroundthe shed
Shed should be clean. Allow cool air toflow inside the shed. Proper ventilationof shed. Grazing to be restricted duringcool hours of the day. Spread insulationmaterial over roof.
Construction of sheds with proper ventilation- cleaning ofshed every day.
Floods
Feed and fodderavailability
Storage of feed and fodder in airtight containers to avoid fungalattack.
Feeding good quality feed and fodder Feed and fodder - dry in sunlight
Drinking water Storage of clean drinking water Provide hot water for drinking Storage of clean water - digging of wells.
Health anddiseasemanagement
Provide balanced feed andvaccination of animals at propertime.
Provide dry atmosphere for the sheds.Provide drainage around cattle houses.Removal and proper disposal of carcass.
Mineral mixture feed additives should be given. Sanitationand disinfection of sheds and animals. Repair of shed andother structures.
Cyclone
Feed and fodderavailability
Storage of feed and fodder. Storeconcentrate.
Use the conserved fodder. Concentratestored can be used
Provide balanced feed and fodder
Drinking water Storage of water Provide clean water for drinking Construction of tanks for storing water
Health anddiseasemanagement
Vaccination of animals Provide balanced feed and other feedadditives, medicines and veterinary aid.Removal and proper disposal of carcass.
Provide clean sheds for animals. Sanitation anddisinfection of sheds and animals. Repair of shed and otherstructures.
Heat wave Cold water spraying during heat wave conditions
Shelter/environment management
Construction of sheds withproper ventilation. Planting treesaround sheds.
Feed additives can be given.Confine animals within shed. Spraywater over animals.
Dung should be removed from pits. Cleaning ofsurroundings.
Health anddiseasemanagement
Vaccination providing adequatefeed for animals
Mineral mixture and feed additives canbe given. Anti stress medications.
Proper feeding of animals
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2.5.2 Poultry
Suggested contingency measures
Convergence/linkages with ongoing
programs, if any
Before the event During the event After the event Can be linked withanimal husbandry and
dairy developmentdepartment
programmes, ATMA,RKVY, NREGS
Drought
Shortage of feed ingredientsStoring of feed andingredients
Provide kitchen waste and feedadditives vitamin mineralmixtures
Cultivation of maizeand other feedingredients
Drinking waterStorage of clean drinkingwater
Provide cold clean waterWater harvestingstructures
Health and disease managementVaccination of birds
Medicated water and Balancedfeed should be given. Removaland proper disposal of carcass.
Provide clean coops forshelter. Disinfection ofpoultry house andequipments.
Floods
Shortage of feed ingredientsStoring of feed andingredients
Provide balanced feedCultivation of maizeand fodder
Drinking waterStorage of clean drinkingwater
Provide clean waterConstruction of tanksand wells
Health and disease managementVaccination of birds
Provide medicated water andfeed additives. Removal andproper disposal of carcass.
Provide clean coops forshelter. Disinfection ofpoultry house andequipments.
Cyclone
Shortage of feed ingredientsStoring of feed andingredients
Provide feed and clean waterCultivation of maizeand other fodder
Drinking water Storage of water Provide clean feed and water
Health and disease managementVaccination of birds
Medicated water and feedadditives. Removal and properdisposal of carcass.
Provide clean shelter.Disinfection of poultryhouse and equipments.
Heat wave
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Shelter/environment management
Planting of trees aroundshed. Exhaust fan should befitted on the hoof.
Put gunny bags dipped water inthe direction of wind.
Provide properventilation
Health and disease managementVaccination of birds.Provide water and feed
Close the door and ventilationwhen hot wind comes, during day
Provide clean coopsand balanced feed
2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
1) Drought
A. Capture
Marine Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Inland(i) Shallow water depth due toinsufficient rains/inflow
Rain water harvesting methods tobe adoptedExisting water bodies have to bedeepened and desiltedTurfing can be adopted tostrengthen pond embankments
Raise table sized fishes in enclosurescalled pens of 0.1 to 0.2 ha. Indian majorcarps and freshwater prawns are idealspecies for cultureIn the event of sudden rise in water leveldue to sudden onset of monsoon the heightof the enclosures can be raised temporarily
Farmers can be trained on the frozenstorage techniques and in preparingvalue added products. This will bean answer to the difficulties inmarketing of fish harvestedforcefully anticipating severe watershortageShort term culture of minor carpslike silver barb and fringe lippedcarp can be undertakenThe services of the fish FarmersDevelopment Agency can be utilized
(ii) Changes in water quality Avoid entry of pollutants throughrun off from agricultural land intorivers
Precaution has to be taken while adoptinguse of manures and fertilizers to avoidonset of algal blooms and eutrophication
(iii) Any other Ornamental fish rearing utilizing goldfishes, koi carp mollies and guppies can bedone in summer. This will ensure someincome to the farmers
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B. Aquaculture
(i) Shallow water in ponds due toinsufficient rains/inflow
Follow low stocking density toreduce culture duration
Cost on expensive inputs like feed andmanure can be reduce by taking upintegrated farming involving poultry,duckery and animal husbandry along withcrops.
Practice air breathing fish culture
Adopting minimum feeding to avoidorganic loading
Onset of algal blooms has to bechecked. Otherwise mass mortalityof fishes will occur
Shift the fish brooder stock to deepersafer areas like cement systems andutilize them for breeding on theonset of monsoon
(ii) Impact of salt load build up inponds / change in water quality
Deepening and desilting ofexisting water bodiesRemoval of debrisRain water harvesting
Avoid organic loading by minimizingfeeding
Onset of sudden heavy rains afterthe drought will lead to mortality.This can be avoided by controllingfeeding to avoid waste accumulationon pond bottom soil.
(iii) Any other Monitor water quality regularly Adopt the recirculation of waterUse aerators to overcome build up ofammonia and thermal stratification duringhigh temperatures
2) Floods
A. Capture
Marine Maintain the mangroveecosystems wherever available tomitigate the adverse impact ofdrought and associated problems
Train the fishermen on hygienichandling of fishes, preservationtechniques and on preparation ofvalue added fish products
Avoid fishing in deeper waters Loss incurred to fishermen shouldbe reported to the State FisheriesDepartment for assessment of thedamage and reimbursement
Inland
(i) Average compensation paid due toloss of human life
As immediate measure thecompensation from FishermenWelfare Fund Board can bearranged. Compensation has to bepaid as per the norms of the State
(ii) No. of boats / nets/damaged
(iii) No. of houses damaged
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fisheries Department. Fishermensaving cum relief Fund can bearranged in lean season
(iv) Loss of stock Sell the available fish stock Install gill net and cast net
(v) Changes in water quality
Strengthening of bunds to avoidwater overflow or entry of waterfrom outside
Immediate stocking of fishes shouldnot be carried out because of onsetof toxic gases
(vi) Health and diseasesMonitor water quality parametersby weekly sampling
Fish stock has to be discarded orburied in case of ulcers and poxdiseases
B. Aquaculture
(i) Inundation with flood water In areas prone to frequentflooding initiate fish culture inadvance
Fishes needing long duration ofculture should not be encouraged Harvest the stocked fishes immediately
(ii) Water continuation and changes inwater quality Strengthen bunds Apply lime to stabilize pH
(iii) Health and diseases Water quality management byregular monitoring
Discard diseased stock
Dry up confined water bodies
Pond bottom may be sundried topermit release of toxic gases andother pests
Apply lime to balance pH
(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,chemicals etc)
Feed and medicines have to bestored on raised platforms toavoid loss
Discard stock affected by water toavoid any more fungal infections to9the fish stock
(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,aerators, huts etc) Initiate fish culture in advance in
areas frequently prone to flooding
Procedure for compensation to beinitiated by the governmentdepartment
3. Cyclone / Tsunami
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A. Capture
Marine
(i) Average compensation paid due toloss of fishermen lives
Compensation may be paid to fishermen for their loss of lives, damage to boats and nets and damage to house as perthe existing government norms.
(ii) Avg. no. of boats / nets/damaged
(iii) Avg. no. of houses damaged
Inland
B. Aquaculture
(i) Overflow / flooding of ponds
Inundation due to sea water andcoastal erosion can be avoided byplanting trees like Casuarina
(ii) Changes in water quality (freshwater / brackish water ratio)
Stock fishes that can toleratewide salinity changes like pearlspot Application of lime to stabilize pH
(iii) Health and diseases Manage water quality parametersby regular monitoring
Discard diseased stock
Dry up confined water bodies
Pond bottom may be sundried topermit release of toxic gases andother pests
Apply lime to balance pH
(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,chemicals etc)
Feed and medicines have to bestored on raised platforms toavoid loss
Discard stock affected by water toavoid any more fungal infectionsto9 the fish stock
(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,aerators, shelters/huts etc)
Initiate fish culture in advance inareas frequently prone to flooding
Procedure for compensation to beinitiated by the governmentdepartment
4. Heat wave and cold wave No occurrence