State Customs Committee of Russian FederationState Customs Committee of Russian Federation

Customs control of ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrapChief of Customs control of fissionable and radioactive materials of SCC of RF

N. Kravchenko

Directorate of Special Technique and Automation of Customs Technologies

11/5, Novozavodskaya str., Moscow, 121087, Russia

Tel.: +7 (095) 730-06-19 Fax.: +7 (095) 449-88-62 E-mail: ustatt_Kravchenko@mail.customs.ru

The threat of ITRM at the border can be minimized by the

implementation of two tasks:–To stop the illicit trafficking of fissionable and

radioactive materials across the Russian Federation border;

–To organize thorough check at Customs clearance of fissionable and radioactive materials of the participants of foreign trade activities (export, import, transit, temporary import) for their identification by name and quantity declared in the documents.

The following conceptual principles are used as well for solving these

tasks:•1. Radiation monitoring of all individuals, goods, and

vehicles crossing the Russian Federation customs border;•2. Priority of radiation safety activities over legal activities

aiming to institute criminal proceedings against law transgressors;

•3. Effective control not deteriorating conditions for the participants of foreign trade activities;

•4. Minimization of additional personnel and funds allocation;

•5. Utilization mostly of national technical facilities.

Stages of radiation Customs control

No.stage

Purpose Measurement Methods,instruments

Results

I Detection Gamma, neutron,bremsstrahlung

Remote, stationary Qualitativeevaluation “YES-

NO”II Localization,

dangerevaluation

Gamma, neutron,alpha, beta

Remote (contact),portable

Localization ofsituation of the

radiation source,quantitative

evaluation ofradiation level

III Identification Gamma Contact, withoutopening of packagestationary (portable)

Determination ofisotope

compositionIV Dose

monitoringGamma Contact, portable Personal (group)

equivalent dose

The technical facilities can be listed as follows:

• Detection:

• 1. Stationary remote automatic equipment for detection of the excess in natural gamma-neutron background;

• 2. Portable universal radiometers of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and neutron radiation;

• Analysis:

• 3. Potable gamma-spectrometers for identification of fissionable and radioactive materials without opening the package;

• 4. Gamma-spectrometers with high-resolution semiconductor detectors for movable customs laboratories;

• Personal:

• 5. Personal dosimeters to provide safety of the personnel;

• 6. Personal protection means.

Algorithm of radiation monitoring at unauthorized transportation of FRM

Site of temporary storage

Inspection area

I stage Detection

II stageEvaluation of radiation danger

III stageLocalization, identification

Automated monitoring (stationary equipment)Inspected by: officer of the checkpoint

«NO»

«YES»

Inspection of goods with portable instruments (radiometers, personal dose monitoring of the personnel)Inspected by: officer of the checkpoint

Composition analysis (spectrometric equipment)Inspected by: officer of the CCFRM service; expert of special organization

ENTRANCE

Presence of radioactive (r/a) radiation

Transfer of goods to competent bodies

EXITCustoms

formalities

Checking of the taken measures for temporary storage of goods

Localization and identification (composition, enrichment)

Determination of the type of radiation and the extent of radiation danger

Approach of implementation TF DR NRM

Border - Detection of minimally possible amounts of NRM with the use of gamma and neutron radiation detectors in accordance with the work technique of check posts.

1. Critical width and height of control zone:

- For transport stationary TF DR NRM – width up to 6 meters, height up to 3.5 meters, carrier speed up to 15 kilometers per hour.

- For pedestrian TF DR NRM – width up to 1.5 meters, height up to 2 meters, object speed up to 5 kilometers per hour.

2. Maximum automation of TF DR NRM control process, reduction of human factor influence on reliability of control.

3. Taking into account the specificity of customs service activities, which is directed to maximum economic benefits for national interests, minimization of the time of control with the use of TF DR NRM along with high reliability of control, obligatory recording of control results, provision and storage of video information about the control object.

- Absence of competent body or specialized services representatives during control with the use of TF DR NRM.

Possibility to implement TF DR NRM in unfavorable climatic conditions (open sites).

   Stationary technical facilities for detection and response to illegal trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials

implemented at borders•Typical national check post and possible places of stationary

TF DR NRM arrangement.

Stationary TF DR NRM are arranged at entrance/exit of check post.

Transport monitor Transport monitor Pedestrian monitor

Examples of placement TF DR NRM

Example of placement of pedestrian TF DR NRM.

Fixed, installed instruments

Hand-held and pocket-typeinstruments

Response to Alarm ActivationОтветные меры при срабатывании системы обнаружения

Alarm (pager, border monitor, intelligence)Сигнал (пейджер, пограничный монитор, данные из отдела

дознания)

VerificationПроверка

False AlarmЛожное

срабатывание

Assess Hazard &Locate Source

Оценка угрозы илокализация

источника

Dangerous Опасный

Activate EmergencyResponse Plan

Приведение в исполнениеплана ответных мер

Notification ProceduresМеры уведомления

Isolate Source Изоляция источника

Confirmed or SuspectedПодтверждено илипредполагается

Safety Procedures Меры безопасности

No DangerОтсутствиеопасности

IdentifySource

Record DetailsЗапись особенностей

Innocent SourceАктивность менее МЗА

StopОкончание процедуры

Seize Materials Задержание источника

In-depth investigation Углубленное обследование

Investigation Report Доклад о проведении обследования

Legal Process Проведение уголовного дознания

Illicit Source Незаконно перевозимый источник

NoОтрицательный

результат

Multi-purpose hand-held devices

Универсальные ручные приборы

MKC-A02-1M, All-in-one Design (Aspect)

•4 modes of operation:– n/g search mode

– n/g dose rate indication

– Gamma spectrometry-isotope identification

– Alpha/beta counting (external detection probe)

•Normal (4 buttons) and expert mode of operation

Detectors: NaI, He-3 (8 at) and external, thin wall, large area ZnS covered plastic szintillator

19%

81%

Detection illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and goods with` a high level of radioactivity (including scrap)

1996-2003

With radiation equipments

other

Prevention of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and goods with` a high level of radioactivity (including scrap)

Export from RUSSIA21,3%

Import to RUSSIA and transit

78,7%

1. IAEA-TECDOC-1311 Prevention of the inadvertent movement and illicit trafficking of radioactive materials.

2. IAEA-TECDOC-1312 Detection of radioactive materials at borders.

3. IAEA-TECDOC-1313 Response to events involving

the inadvertent movement or illicit trafficking of radioactive materials.

4. The sanitary demands of Russian Ministry of Health.

SCRAP(Tariff classification code: 7204, 7404, 7503,

7602 e.c.t.)

 

Customs control of cargo documents

 

Customs control of cargo documents

Customs examination with special radiation

equipment

Customs examination with special radiation

equipment

Main tasks:-To find out local radioactive sources;- To measure dose rate;-Selected measurement of the levels of surface contamination by alpha and beta radionuclide.

Main tasks:-To find out local radioactive sources;- To measure dose rate;-Selected measurement of the levels of surface contamination by alpha and beta radionuclide.

- Sanitary certificate- Transport documents

- Sanitary certificate- Transport documents

- №  and Date of issue of document;- Full name of organization – recipient;- weight and kind of scrap;- Number of transport units, identification №;- Full name of Laboratory of Radiation Control provided measuring;- № of radiation protocols and dose rate;- Conations of using of scrap.

-

CRITERION:Dose rate natural

background

+ 0,2 µSv/h.

All documents are presentScrap meets sanitary demands

All documents are presentScrap meets sanitary demands ISSUE OF SCRAPISSUE OF SCRAP Prohibition of issueProhibition of issue

Sanitary certificate is absent and (or) dose rate is not correspond to criterion

The stages of scrap Customs control

 

                            

The graph which shows how the number of cases of detection of illicit trafficking of scrap depends on the level of equipment

customs houses with the radiation monitoring technique

0

20

40

60

80

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Qu

antit

y o

f th

e fo

un

d o

ut f

acts

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

Th

e le

vel o

f eq

uip

men

t cu

sto

ms

ho

use

s w

ith th

e ra

dia

tion

mo

nito

rin

g te

chn

iqu

e

the level of equipment customs houses with the radiation monitoring technique

the number of cases of detection of illicit trafficking of scrap

The number of cases of scrap return from Russia to other countries and from other countries to Russia

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

The

num

ber o

f cas

es o

f scr

ap re

turn The number of cases of

scrap return from other countries to Russia

The number of cases of scrap return from Russia to other countries