State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners (SCRD): National Overview of Cleanup Strategies in the United StatesWilliam J. Linn, PGFlorida Department of Environmental Protection

State Coalition for Remediation of DrycleanersEstablished in 1998 Supported by U.S. E.P.A. Superfund Remediation Technology Innovation OfficeThirteen Member States + Four Represented StatesSCRD holds annual meetings and teleconferences every six weeks

SCRD Websitehttp://WWW.DRYCLEANCOALITION.ORGProfiles on 118 drycleaning sites in remediationSCRD Papers on Technical & Administrative IssuesDrycleaning Chemical DatabaseVirtual Tour of Drycleaning OperationReference MaterialsMany Links to State and Federal Websites with Drycleaning-related InformationSemi-annual Newsletter

SCRD Members/Year Drycleaning Cleanup Program Initiated1994: Connecticut, Florida1995: Kansas, Minnesota, Oregon, South Carolina1997: Illinois, North Carolina, Tennessee, Wisconsin2000: Alabama, Missouri2003: Texas

Types of Cleanup ProgramsState Lead Programs: Florida, Kansas, North Carolina, Oregon*, South Carolina, Texas

Reimbursement Programs: Alabama, Connecticut, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Oregon*, Tennessee, Wisconsin

State Programs Funding SourcesGross Receipts TaxSales TaxSolvent TaxDeductible FeeRegistration FeePenalties & Fines

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0.6

10

3.7

1.26

0.505

0.7

9.6

0.8

1.6

1.1

3.98

1.05

Annual Funding $ Millions

Millions of Dollars

Annual Funding State Drycleaning Solvent Cleanup Programs

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Annual Funding $ Millions

Alabama0.60

Florida10.00

Illinois3.70

Kansas1.26

Minnesota0.51

Missouri0.70

North Carolina9.60

Oregon0.80

South Carolina1.60

Tennessee1.10

Texas3.98

Wisconsin1.05

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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Annual Funding $ Millions

Millions of Dollars

Annual Funding State Drycleaning Solvent Cleanup Programs

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Pollution PreventionSecondary Containment Closed-loop/Direct Coupled Solvent DeliveryNo Wastewater Discharge to Sewer/Septic SystemNo PCE Transfer MachinesSpill Reporting RequirementsDrycleaning Operator Certifications RequirementsBest Management PracticesFloor drains must be sealed.

Current SCRD Statistics3388 Drycleaning Sites in Member Programs

1449 Contamination Assessments Initiated at Sites

680 Contamination Assessments Completed at Sites

357 Remedial Systems Installed

Remediation Completed at 138 Sites

290 Sites Closed

Problems

Drycleaning Cleanup Program Problems$$$ - Many sites, expensive cleanups, few dollars!Revenue CollectionOngoing Compliance Issues PrioritizationSite AccessPermitting Issues Co-mingled PlumesOffsite Notification of ContaminationVapor Intrusion Remedial Strategies

Range of State PCE Cleanup Target Levels

Soil: 0.030 to 100 mg/Kg

Groundwater: 0.0002 mg/l to no groundwater assessment required

Compliance Issues

Soil Remedial Technologies UtilizedSoil Vapor ExtractionExcavation/RemovalPassive VentingMobile Injection Treatment UnitHeated Soil Vapor ExtractionChemical Oxidation (KMnO4)Hydrogen Release Compound

Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System

TRENCHBOX INSTALLATION

ISR - EXCAVATION

AIR SPARGING BACKFILL W/WELLS

Groundwater Remedial Technologies UtilizedPump & TreatAir SpargingDual/Multi-phase ExtractionRecirculating WellsChemical Oxidation Using: Fentons Reagent, KMnO4, NaMnO4, OzoneBiostimulation Using: Molasses, HRC, HRC-X, ORC, EOS, Potassium Lactate, Ethyl Lactate, Dextrose Biostimulation continued: sodium lactate, corn syrupBioaugmentation Using: EOS B12, Bio-Dechlor Inoculum, PseudemonousCo-OxidationZero-Valent IronCo-Solvent FlushingSurfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR)

Co-Oxidation

Cedarburg Drycleaners - WisconsinSVE, Thermal Treatment of Soils & In-Situ Biostimulation (Molasses)-

Molasses Injection

Horizontal Well Installation Tiger Cleaners, Tennessee

Remedial StrategiesRemediate Entire Plume to Cleanup Target LevelsRemediate the Contaminant Source AreaContain the PlumeRemediate Soil, Utilize Monitored Natural Attenuation for Contaminated GroundwaterEmploy Risk-Based Corrective Action

Costs/StrategiesLow end cleanup costs (assessment + remediation) = $ 250,000High end cleanup costs ???? $MillionsSuccess is dependent on assessing risks, prioritizing work and allocating resources to the sites that represent real threats to receptors.In order to be successful, there must be fundamental changes in the way states approach site cleanup. Cleanup eligibility must be directly tied to regulatory compliance for active drycleaning facilities.

For everyone that says it cant be done