Unit VI – State and Local Government Part I – North Carolina State Government.
State and government notes
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Transcript of State and government notes
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Government: What? Why? How?A BASIC STARTING POINT FOR GOVERNMENTAL STUDY
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What is a state?
The state—a body of , living in a organized and with the to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority
PEOPLE
POWERPOLITICALLYDEFINED TERRITORY
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What are the necessary qualities of a state?
• POPULATION• TERRITORY• SOVEREIGNTY—the possession of
supreme and absolute power within its boundaries
• GOVERNMENT
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What is government?
the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
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Why did governments come about?
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish
Justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do
ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
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So…
• Form a more perfect union
• Establish justice
• Insure domestic tranquility
• Provide for the common defense
• Promote the general welfare
• Secure the blessings of liberty
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How did governments come about?
FORCE THEORY—the strongest rule
THEORY 1
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How did governments come about?
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY—governments build from simpler groups (family…clan…tribe, etc)
THEORY 2
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How did governments come about?
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY—God created the state; God ordained those with royal standing the “divine right” to rule
THEORY 3
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How did governments come about?
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY—in the state of nature, life was “nasty, brutish, and short.” Humans agreed to a mutual agreement between the rulers and the ruled for the benefit of all.
THEORY 4
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Three ways to classify governments
• DEMOCRACY—supreme political authority rests with the people
METHOD 1: By who can participate
DIRECT—the will of the people is directly turned into public policy
INDIRECT—the will of the people is represented by appointed leaders
Also known as REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
Impractical Poor decisions
ELITIST THEORY OF DEMOCRACY
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Three ways to classify governments
• DICTATORSHIP—those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people
METHOD 1: By who can participate
AUTOCRACY—a single person holds unlimited power
MONARCHY—heredity determines ruler
MILITARY—force determines ruler
OLIGARCHY—power is held by a small, usually self-appointed group
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Three ways to classify governments
• UNITARY—all powers by the government belong to one central government
• FEDERAL GOVERNMENT—powers are divided between a central government and a local government (division of power)
• CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT—an alliance of independent states
METHOD 2: Geographic distribution of power
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Three ways to classify governments
• PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT—executive and legislative branches of the government are elected by the voters
• PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT—the executive branch is elected by the legislative branch
METHOD 3: Relationship between the legislative and executive branches
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Zoom in on re
presen
tative dem
ocracy
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
Karl Marx
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
CAPITALISTS (BOURGEOISE) WORKERS
POLITICAL POWER
ECONOMIC STRUGGLE —WHOEVER CONTROLS ECONOMY, CONTROLS GOVERNMENT
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
Max Weber
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
POLITICAL POWER
TRUE POWER IS HELD BY POSTION AND STRUCTURE RATHER THAN ECONOMICS
(BUREAUCRACY)
LEADERS BUREAUCRACY
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Who has the power? To what ends to they the power?
C. Wright Mills
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
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SELECT MILTARY AND BUSINESS LEADERS (WEALTH, POWER, PRESTIGE) WEILD POWER ON
SELECT POLITICIANS
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
Pluralist
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
MANY LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT; MANY COMPETING INTERESTS/GROUPS/PEOPLE
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Who has the power? To what ends do they use the power?
• POWER—the ability of one person to get another person/group to do what the first person wants
• AUTHORITY—the right to use power
• LEGITIMACY—the source from which power comes