SA~ BF.DA COLLEGE COLLF.G.E OF LAW

STATt.:TORY CONSTRUCTION First Year. Section l S, Land N

Prof. lVIaritcss C. Sy 1st Semester 2012-2013

I. BACKGROUND 1.1 TI1e Philippine Legal System

• In re Slwop 42 Phil. :2 13 ( I 920). 1.2 Rules on Legislative Drafting

• L. Gonzaga. Statutes and their Construction, Chapter 3, p. l7-27 (1969) .

II. STATUTES AND THEIR E~ACTl\1£:\'T 1. 1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Laws and Statutes Definition of Statutory ~ onstrnction Construction and I nternrctation. Distinguished .. . ~

Classi'fication of Statutes Parts of a Statute

2.5.1 Title

2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5 .5 2.5.6

1987 Constitution, Article VI, section 26 ( 1) •

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.Lida.mn v. Clmtmi.)'Jion on Elections. G .K No. 29089. October 29.1967. 2 : SCRA 496 ( 1967). Tobias a·. Abalos. G.R. 1\o. 114783, December 8. 1994. 239 SCRA 106(1994}.

Enacting Clause .... Preamble Purviev.· Other Clauses Drafting of a Sample Bill

2.6 Steps in the Enactment of the Statute 1987 Constimtion, Article Vl, sections 26 (~) and 27

• Commi~·sion (~j'lntenwl Revenue v. Court f~( Tax Appeals, G. R.. No. 4742 1 ~ May 14.1990, 185 SCRA 129(1990).

• Tolelltillo v. Secreta/)' of Finance. G.R. Nos. ll 5i~55, 11 5525: 1155343-44, i 15754, 11 5 78 1. 1 15852, I 15873 & 115931 , August 25, 1994, 2J 5 SC RA 630 ( 1994).

• Arroyo 11. de Vellecia, G.R. No. 127255, August 14. 1097. '2.77 SCRA 268 ( 1997).

2. 7 Evidence of Due Enactment of Statutes 2. 7.1 Enrolled Bill Theory

• M(tbmwg ~·. Lopez Vito, No. L- 1123, March 5. 1947. 78 Phil. I (19-'1-7).

• Casco Philippine Chemical Co., Jizc v. Gimenez, L- 1793 l, February 28,1963. 7 SCR.r\ 347 (1963 ).

• Morales l·'· Suhido, G.R. No. 2965 ~~ November ::!9. i 968. 26 SCRA 150 (1968).

2.7.2 Journal Entrv Rule •'

• Astorga v. Vii/ega.'\. U.R. \io. 23475. April 30. 1974. 56 SCRA. 7 !4 (1974).

III.EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF STATCTES 3. 1 Vlhen Statute Bcc01ncs l J Tcdi ve

3 .3

Civi I Code, Article 2 Executive Order No. 20() ( 1 987)~ as incorporated in Executive Order ·.t\o.

292 (Adm. Code of 19S7), section 18. • Taliada vs. Tuvera, G.R. 1\o. 639 15. December 29. 1986. 146 SCRA

446 ( 1986)

When Regulation Be~.:omes Effective '-'

Executive Order Nc:. 292 (rev. Adm. Code o f 1987). Book VfL sections 2-9 • People v. Que Po Lay. 94 Phil. 640 ( 1954). • Taiiada vs. Tuvera. supra. • Yaokasin l '. Commissioner of Customs. G.R. ?\o, 84 11 I. December 22.

1989. 1~0 SCR.A 591 ( 1989).

When Ordinance Takes Effec1. Local Government Code (Republic Act 7160 fl991 1), sections 54-59

• Bagatsing v, Ramirez, G.R. "\"o. 4163!. December 17. 1976. 74 SCRA 306 ( 1976).

3.4 Lan~wage of the Statute That Shall PreY ail .... .... 1987 Constitution .. Article XIV. sections 6-8 Executive Order No. 292 (Adm. Code of 1987). section 20.

3.5 Manner of Computing Time Civil Code. Article 13

• National il1arkefing Corp. ,.., Tecson. G.R. ~o. 291] ]. August 27. i 969 . 29 SCRA 70 ( 1969").

3.6 .l.crritorial Extent o f' Operation 1987 Constitution~ Article 1 Civil Code~ A.rticles 14 & 15 Revised Penal Code. At1icle 2

3. 7 Prospective and Retrospective Operation of Statutes Constitution, Article III, section 22 Civil Code. Article 4 Adm. Code of 1987. section 19

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People JJ. Sumilang, 77 Phil. 764 ( 1946) Salcedo v. CarpitJ, 89 Phil. 254 (195 1) Tiu San v. Republic, 96 Phil. 817 ( 1955) Buyco v. PNB, G.R. No. 14406, June 30. 196 L 112 Phil. 588 ( 1961 ), 2 SCRA 682 (1 961 ) Chavez v. Court t~f Agrarian Relatious, G.R. No. 17814. October 3 1,1963, 9 SCR/\ 412 ( 1963) Tac'an v. Court of Appeals. G.R. No. 3873 6. \ :lay 31,1 984. i 2 SCRA 3 19 (1984) Eugenio v. Drilon, G.R. '!\Jo. 109404: January 22.1996, 252 SCRA J 06 (1996). Altman Ill v. 1l1irasol, G.R. ~o. I 08399. J uly 3 1, 1997, 276 SCRA 501 ( 1997).

IV. AMENDMENTS, REVISIONS, REPEALS 4.1 Arncndmcnts

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Estrada JJ. Cw,ieda. 84 Phil. 791 ( 1949). ilfanila Joekt!y Club, inc. v. Games mul Amusement Board. I 07 Phi l. 151 (1960 ). Sarcos v. Castillo. G .R. No. 29755. Januarv 3 1. I 969. 26 SCRA 853 .. . ~ .

(1969). Erectors Inc. v, NLRC. G.R. ~o. 104215. Tv1ay 8. 1996. 256 SCRA 629 ( 1996).

4.2 Revisions and Codifications • • •

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4.3 Repeals

111 /'b , p·, 97 PI· 'I '} ')o 19" -) 1r.1. onte l a no "· errer~ , 11 . -.:.. o ( , J) . .

American Bible Society v. 1.11anila. I OI Phi l. 38o ( I 957) . ABS-('BjV Broadcasting Corporation v. Court lif. Appeal5. (I .R. 1\o . 52306, October I 2. 1981. IOS SCRA 142 (I 98I ) . Ortiz v. Commi.~·sion on Elections, G.R. No. 78957. June 28. I988: 62 SCRA 612 (1 988). :.'J.fecano l'. Commission on Am/it. G.R. No. I 03982. December l i . 1992~ 2 16 SCRA 500 ( 1992).

Civil Code~ .Article 7 Adm. Code of 1987. sections 21 and 22 (Chapter 5)

• US v. Solimau. 36 PhiL 5 ( 191 7). 1 l/oilo Palay and Corn Planter.5 t '. Feliciano. G .R. ~o. 24022, March 3.

1965 I ., sc·R .~ , ,.n r 196-) · : .) ' .""\ _ ) 1 ' ' - ) .

1 Lagman v. Cio· (~f Ilfrmih~c. G.R. No. 23305, June 30. 1966, 17 SCRA 479 (1966).

• National Power Corporation v. Area~ G .R. \Jo. 23309. October 31,1968, 24 SCRA 23 i (1968).

• Gaerlan, Jr. v:. Catubig. G.R. No. 23964. June I, 1966. 17 SCRA 376 (1 976) .

• People v. Pimentel. G. R. l\o. 100210, April I, 1998~ 288 SCRA 542 ( 1998).

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Hagad v. Go.:o-Dadole~ G.R. No. 108072. December 12. 1995, 25 1 SCR ' " . - -qn - . ,""\. -~- . i 7::- ,_ Republic <~/ 1he Philippines v . .-Harcopper !liining Cmporatiou, G.R . No.l3-l--<.'ul-:.. 10.2000.

V. NATURE AND CO~CEPT OF STATUTORY CO:\STRllCTION •

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Natio11al F~deratiou of Labor (NFL) , ... Eisma. G.R. L-6 1236, January 31 '1984. People v . .-Uapa. (J-.R. No. 22301, August 30, 1967, 20 SCRA 1164 ( 1967). Luzon Sure(r Co. , Inc. v. De Garcia. G.R. "\'o. 25659. October 3 L 1969, 30 SCRA 1 i 1 ( 1 969). J'/atahue11a ''· Cerva11tes, G.R. No. 28771. March 3 L 197 L 38 SCRA 284 ( 1971 ). People v. Nazario. CJ.R. No. 44 143, August 3 1. 1988, 165 SCRA 186 ( 1988).

VI. OB.JECTS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION a. Verba Legis or literal interpretationiplain meaning rule

• Colgate Paimo/b:e Philippines, Inc. v. Gimene::.. C .R. "\'o. 14787, January ·28. ; 96 J. 1 SCRA 26 7 ( 1961 ).

b. Ratio Legis or interpretation by considering the spirit ;:~nd reason of' the law/Golden RuJe

• Hidalgo v. Hidalgo. G.R. Nos. 25326-27. \1ay 29. 1970, 33 SCRA 195 ( 1970).

c. Mens Legislatoris . .-'\hschicf Rule • U.S. v. Toribio, 15 Phi l. 85 (191 0) • 1\lacabental·. Darao Stevedore Terminal Co .. G.R. No. 27489. April 30,

1970, 32 SCRA 553 ( 1970).

d. Equity of the Statulc Civil Code, Articles 9 and 10.

• Amatan v. Aujero, i\M :\o. RTJ-93-956. September 27, 1995, 248 SCRA 511 ( 1995).

VII. l~TER"PRETATIOl\ AND CO~STRUCTION IN RELATION TO LANGUAGE OF THE STATUTE

a. Conunon Meaning Rule • Kuellzle & Streiff l'. Collector of Customs, 32 Phil. 5 1 0 ( 1915). • Song Kiat Chocolate Factory v. Ce11tral Bank of the Philippines~ 102

Phi I. 4 7 7 ( I 9 57). • Tan, et a!. v. People~. G.R. No. 115507. May 19.1998. 290 SCRA 117

( 1998).

b. Terms with LegJ.: \ kaning • Bernardo r. Bernardo, G.R. No. 5872, Novermber 29. 1954. 96 Phil. 202

(1954).

c. Tenns with Multivlc \ feanin£:1: ' ...., • lt1anlayaon , .. Lisiug. G .R. 1\o. 56028. Julv 30~ 1981, I 06 SCRA 237

(1981).

d. Doctrine of Associated \Vords or Noscitur a Sociis • Buena.\·eda \', F/al'if!t. G.R. No . 106719. September :21,1993 .

e. Ejusdcrn Generis Ruie • Verat•. Cuevas. G.R . ~os. L-33693-94, May 31,1979.

f. Exprcssio Unius Exclusio Alterius Rule • San Pablo IWanufacturing Corporation I'S. CIR, C.R. :\o. 147749, June

22. 2006.

g. Casus Omissus R de • People l '. ;HananlmL G.R. No. 14129, Jul~ 3 1. 1962.

h. Ubi Lex Non Distinguit .\cc :Jos Distingucrc Dcbcmos • Ramirez v. Court ofAppeals. G .R. Nos. 93833. September .28. 1995, 24 8

SCRA 590 :: : 995 ).

1. Doctrine of Last antecedent • Florentinn ~'. Philippine National Bank, 9S Ph il. 969 ( 1956) .

J. Reddendo Singuia Singulis • People v. Tmtumi, G.R. Nos. 22160-61, January 21, 1974. 55 SCRA 153

( 1974).

k. Doctrine of Necessary Implication • DAR vs. Philippiue Commrmications Satellite Corporation. G.R. Nos.

152640. June 15.:2006.

1. Verbal or Clerical Errors • Rufino Lopez & Smn v. CTA. G .R. ~o. 9274. February I, 1957, 100

PI ., 8 -0 ( 1 °.:::: 7' 11 . ) \ 7 · ' ; 1 .

111. Number. Gender and Tense • Srmtillon v. J.l.firanda, G.R. No. 19281. June 30. 1965, 14 SCRA 563

( 1965).

n. Cor~junctive and Disjunctive \Vords • Amon Trading Corporation v. Court (~{Appeals. G.R. ~o. 158585.

D b t '"' ")oo- 4'"'"" SC'R\ --, ('00-) ecem er . ·'·- :J, · : / • . 1 ))..,_ ...... ) .

lJ. U :St: U l

• O.ftice r~f rhe Ombudsman v. :l1acahulos. G.R. No. 159395. MctV 7,

VIII. AIDS 1.:\ 1.:\TERPRETATIO:\ A~D CONSTRUCTIO~ 8.1 Intrinsi~ _·\ ids

8. 1.1 Title • Central Capiz v. Ramirez, 40 Phil. 883 ( 1920) .

8. 1.2 Preamble • People v. Purisima~ G.R. Nos. 42050-66. ~0\'Cmber 20. 1978,

86 ('· ' ' {) ·\ - ,.,.., ( 19""18) ::>l .. '\.: • )4..:., . I .

8.1.3 Punctuation lv1arks • U.S. v, /Jar( 26 Phi l. 149 ( 1913).

8.1.4 Definitior: Sections and Interpretation Clauses • People v, Buenviaje. 47 Phil. 536 (1925}.

8.1.5 Capitalization of Letters • Unahia v. Ci~r il1ayor. 9'3 Phil. 253 ( 1956).

8.2 Extrinsic Aids Legislative History Prior to l ~nactrnent

8.2.1 Contt=mporaneous Circumstance • Philippine Sugar Centrals Agency v. Collector of Customs, 51

Phii : 3!(1927).

8.2.2 Policy • Sarcos v. Castillo. supra .

8.2.3 Legislative Historv of Statute .... " • Oliva v. Lamar/rid. G.R. No. 23196, October 31. 1967. 21 SCRA

7"'7 f1 967 \ _;) 1 "· . . I .' '

8.2.4 Contemporaneous and Practical Construction • 1Vest/e Philippines ~~. Court f?f Appeals, G.R. No. 86738,

Nove:nber 13. 199L 203 SCRA 504 (1991).

8.2.5 Other Aids (dictionaries, documents. sc.ienli fie and political writing~ legal treatises etc.)

IX. CONSTRUCTION OF THE STATUTE AS A \VJIOLE, ITS PART A~D OTHER STATUTES

• Araneta v. Concepcion~ G. R. No. 9667, July 31. 1956. 99 Phil. 709 r 1 o.;;hl

• Aboitiz Sltipping Corporation v. Ci(l' (~( Cebu~ G.R. ~o. 14526. ·March 3,1965. 13 SCR/\ 449 ( 1965).

• lt-fagtajas and Cizv l~l Cagayan de Oro v. Pryce Properties Corporation and PAGCOR, Ci.R. No. 111097, July 20.1994. 234 SCRA 255 ( 1994).

• L11guna Lake Deve/opn1en1 Authori(r v. Court (~(Appeals. (i.R. Nos. 120865-71. December 7 , 1995.251 SCRA 42 (l995).

• JVtttional Tobacco A(bninistration v. COA. G. R. '\' o. l 193 85. August 5, 1999. 31 I SCR:\ 755 { 1999).

• Co v. Ch·il Register of .lvfanila. G.R. No. 138496. february .23, 2004, 423 SCRA 420 (200-'1).

X. STRICT AND LIBER.AL C<>NSTilUCTIOl\: MAND.t\TOH.Y A~D

DIRECTORY • People v. Ternulo~ G.R. No . .23625~ November 25. 1983, 125 SCRA 648

(1983). • Bernuu/ez ~.~. E~'\:ecutive Secretary Torres. G . 1< . l\o. 13! 429. August 4.

1999 .,7()D1· ; 7(9' (10<)9) . . · -'- ... 11:. ,} "/ .

XI. THE STA.TUTE AND 'I'HE CONSTITlJTI<lN •

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.. Nitafau l '. Conu11issioner (~( luternal Revenue, G.:z. No. 78780. July 23~ 1987, 1.5:2. SCRA 284 (1987). People v . .:Huiioz, G.R. '!\os. 38969-70, Fehruary 9. 1989, 170 SCRA l 07 ( 1989). Ordillo v. Conlelec. G.R. Nos. 93054, December 4. i 990. l92 SCH.A. ·i 00 (1990). ( , ll ' C l, c· R , . 916"'~6 !\ ··1 )'1 J<)n.., 'Jf)s·· SC.'RA 'J-4 . . a " eron \ , .ara e, J . •• '-os. ··' • p11 LJ_, , '.7~ -- _ _ •. -· ..,)

( 1992). 1l-1anila Price llotel v. GSJS. G.R. No. 122156. February 3. 1997~ 267 SCRA 408 {} 997).

I{CJ!iat in a[[ things, qocf may 6e gCoriJiecf. "