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Transcript of Starter Questions (1 paragraph response)… First, let me say that the postings for the Current...
Starter Questions (1 paragraph response)…
First, let me say that the postings for the Current Events wiki look good. I am waiting to make comments until later this weekend when you have responded to your classmates postings.
. Now for the starter... You need to write an answer to only one starter. (1) If you watched Romney's speech last night, take a copy of "Analysis: Romney Speech...". Either refute that article OR provide your own evaluation of the speech. (2) If you didn't, please take a copy of Clint Eastwood articles (1 & 2)
When celebrity endorsements are promoted, what risks do the politician and celebrity face? How is that risk different from an endorsement agreement between a celebrity and corporation?
Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
By Mr. MiguelAcademy of Our Lady of Guam
Overview
What the founders were thinking when they established a role for elections, and the potential roles that elections can play in a democracy
Americans’ ambivalence about the vote and the reasons that only about half of the citizenry even bother to exercise what is supposed to be a precious right
How voters go about making decisions, and how this in turn influences the character of presidential elections
The organizational and strategic aspects of running for the presidency
What election means for citizens
Consider this...
Was the United States in a constitutional crisis in the 2000 Florida election?
Had the will of the people been thwarted?
Could the new president – whoever it may be – govern effectively under such dim circumstances?
Are elections a state matter? Should they be turned over to the national government?
Is the electoral college merely an arcane institution that needs to be replaced?
The Founder’s Intentions
The Function of Elections
Selection of Leaders
Policy Direction
Citizen Development
Informing the Public
Containing Conflict
Legitimization and System Stability
Selection of Leaders
John Stuart Mill
“the natural tendency of representative government…is toward collective mediocrity; and this tendency is increased by all reductions and extensions of the franchise, their effect being to place the principal power in the hands of classes more and more below the highest level of instruction in the community”
The Truth?
Process scares off candidates
Elections ONLY ensure the leader chosen = most popular on ballot
Policy Direction
We do note vote on policies
How responsive are they to our interests?
*elections speed up the process by which changes in public preferences are translated into policy
Citizen Development
Passive -> Active
Political efficacy: citizens feelings of effectiveness in political affairs
Informing the Public
Containing Conflict
Legitimization and System Stability
Exercising the Right to Vote in America
Age
Gender
Income
Education
Race and Ethnicity
Summary: Wealthy, college-
educated, older whites voted at a rate of 95% in 2004
whereas poor, young, minority group members who went no further than high school estimated at 54%
Who votes and who doesn’t?
Why Don’t People Vote?
Legal Obstacles
Attitude Changes
Voter Mobilization
Decrease in Social Connectedness
Generational Changes
The Rational Nonvoter
Legal Obstacles
Registration
Quantity of Elections
National Elections to be held on a Tuesday
Why no changes?
Why Don’t People Vote?
Legal Obstacles
Attitude Changes Psychological
orientation Partisanship
Voter Mobilization Ineffectiveness;
negativity
Decrease in Social Connectedness
Generational Changes
The Rational Nonvoter
Decrease in Social Connectedness
Generational Changes
The Rational Non-voter
Why does anyone vote?
Definition: the benefits of an action outweigh the costs
Is that true of voting?
What are the benefits?
Does Non-Voting Matter
Question
Would election outcomes would be different if nonvoters were to participate? Do higher levels of nonvoting indicate that democracy is not healthy?
Consequences for…
Election Outcomes More support for
democrats?
Democracy Non-voting can
influence the stability and legitimacy of democratic government
Sometimes, as little as 25% of eligible electorate may have voted for the winner
Essential Questions
Are we being properly representative?
Why are the voting turnout rates so low?
How can we fix it? Is it necessary to fix it?
How the Voter Decides
Partisanship and Social Group Membership
Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Issues and Policy
The Candidates
Partisanship and Group Membership
Party Identification Usually stable and long term Carries from one election to another Strong direct influence on voting decisions
Unusual conditions can prompt change JFK in 1960s
Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Unclear
Gender Gap Women tend to support Dem. Married women = more conservative than single
women
African Americans Since Civil Rights movement – 90% Democrat
Ethnicity = less predictive than race as it differs from state to stae
Issues and Policy
Ideal Citizen: Well informed, highly attentive, analytial, casitng votes for the candidate who BEST represents their preferred policy solutions
BUT, we know…Americans generally do not fit this model
Role of Issues People are busy People know where they stand on issues Media is not as substantive as it should be
Issues and Policy
Prospective Voting
PV = voters base their decisions on what will happen in the future if they vote for a candidate
Retrospective Voting
RV = casting votes as signs of approval or to signal their desire for change
Voters decide partly on what candidates promise to do and partly on what incumbents have done
Candidates
Public Image
Stance on issues
Other qualities Obama
Experience – 54% McCain Theme – 54% Obama Temperament - 55% Obama Optimism – 62% Obama
Summary: voters come to a conclusion through a mix of partisan considerations, membership in
social groups, policy information, and candidate image