Standby Plante140704
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Transcript of Standby Plante140704
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2003, Exide Industries Limited. All rights reeserved.
Welcome
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2003, Exide Industries Limited. All rights reeserved.
Seminar On Stand! "atteries
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Selection Of Batteries For GeneratingStation And Substation
Application :
Unit Battery
Substation Battery
PLCC
24/26v C & Battery
UPS Battery
Battery !or "#$ set
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Battery Is Considered To Be TheHEARTOf The !o"er !lant
Battery provi%es te ulti'ate an% !inal (C bac)*up !or operatin+ e'er+ency e,uip'ents -icpo-er te turbo +enerators .vi0 e'er+ency oilpu'ps etc01
(C po-er !or operation o! all s-itc+earprotection relays in%icatin+ la'ps an% !acia
Po-er !or e'er+ency li+tin+ -itin te+eneratin+ station buil%in+
Uninterrupte% po-er !or controllin+ C &
e,uip'ent an% associate% ups syste's Po-er !or vital co''unication e,uip'ent .plcc1
essential !or resyncronisin+ te unit -it te +ri%or !or revivin+ te +ri% in te case o! a 'a3or +ri%
!ailure
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#hat If The Battery Fails In AnE$ergency %
Unit Battery
e e'er+ency oil pu'p -ill not operate -ic
coul% lea% to seiure o! te rotor bearin+s
Loss o! un%re% o! crores o! rupees to-ar%s
repairin+ te rotor an% +eneration revenue loss-ile te unit is out o! co''ission
S-itc+ear associate% -it +enerator 'ay not trip
-ic coul% lea% to +eneratin+ trans!or'er
%a'a+e $ailure o! instru'entation an% control
otal %ar)ness in te po-erouse
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#hat If The Battery Fails In AnE$ergency %
Substation
S-itc+ear an% relays -ill not operate causin+
e5tensive %a'a+e to trans!or'ers an% po-er lines
PLCC
5tre'ely %i!!icult to resyncronise te unit -it te
+ri%
7a3or setbac) in te process o! revivin+ te +ri% in
te event o! a re+ional +ri% !ailure
! te battery !ails -ile te unit is in operation it'ay beco'e essential to sut%o-n
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The Single &ost I$'ortant Feature OfBatteries For !o"er Sector A''lication Is
8eliability
8eliable stan%by po-er source
(eliver po-er as an% -en calle% !or
$ull capacity at any point o! ti'e in service li!e
Pre%ictability
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#hat Is A Battery %
A battery is an array o! si'ilar electricalstora+e cells
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#hat Is an Electrical Storage Cell %
An electrical stora+e cell consists o! t-o %issi'ilar
electro%es i''erse% in an electrolyte0
t stores electrical ener+y in !or' o! ce'ical
ener+y0
9en te circuit is 'a%e bet-een its positive &
ne+ative electro%es tere is a ce'ical reaction
in te cell an% it %elivers electricity (irect
Current .(0C1 trou+ te circuit0
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Pri'ary Cell
Litiiu' A''oniu' Silver
5i%e Clori%e 5i%e
Secon%ary Cell
Al)aline Lea% Aci%
Cells Cells
;i Ca% ;i$e
SL or n%ustrial
Auto'otive
Stan%by 7otive Po-er
"8LA $iat Paste% ubular Plant
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#hat Is A (ead Acid Battery %
Basic electroce'ical reaction participants :Positive lectro%e Pb2
;e+ative lectro%e Pb
lectrolyte #2S4
SOF
T(
EA)
(EA)
)IO*I)E
H+S,- . E(ECTRO(/TE
+
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Ho" )oes A (ead Acid Battery #or0 %
Car+e% (iscar+e%
=ve *ve electrolyte =ve *ve
Pbo2 = Pb = 2#2S4 PbS4 = PbS4 = 2#2
Lea% Spon+y (ilute Lea% Lea% 9ater
Pero5i%e Lea% SulpurAci% Sulpate Sulpate
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Ty'es Of !lates
A1 !ositi2e
Plant< ype : Cast out o! >>0>>? pure Lea%
as a !ine la'aellar structure
$lat Paste% ype : @ri% ol%s te active 'aterial an%
carries te current
ubular ype : 8e% lea% .Pb41 an% @rey
o5i%e .Pb1 'i5ture is !ille%
in tubes an% spine o! lea%*
alloy runs trou+ te centre o!
entire tube len+t0 ube retails
te active 'aterial !ir'ly an%spine carries te current
B1 3egati2e
$lat paste% type al-ays
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Flat !asted !late . &or'hology
# SUPP8 S8UCU8 S ;
# $87 $ A 98*7S# L
@8( CAS $ A SUABL LA(
ALL
# AC" 7A8AL S PAS(
; # @8( S8UCU8 $87
US(
A C#7CAL B;(;@ #L(S #
AC" 7A8AL ; PLAC
#8U@#U # S8"C L$
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Features Of Auto$oti2e Flat !late
@ri% : .Current Collector1 cast into a lattice
structure
Active 7aterial : Paste% on to te lattice
Suite% $or :
#i+ current %iscar+e
Sort bac)up ti'e .Sallo-1 %iscar+e
;on*cyclic application
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Tubular !late
*
(4G/
T4BE
CO3STR4CTIO3 OF T4B4(AR
!OSITI5E !(ATE
BOTTO& BAR/
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Cross.Section Of Tubular !late
SECTIO3 6 7//8 SECTIO3 6 7**8
CO3STR4CTIO3 OF T4B4(AR !OSITI5E !(ATE 9contd1:
RESI3 SHEATH
S!I3E
ACTI5E &ATERIA(
T4BE
BOTTO& BAR
S!I3E 9(EA) A((O/:
ACTI5E &ATERIA(9(EA) O*I)E:
T4BERESI3 C4RE)9TER/(E3E GA43T(ET:
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Tubular !ositi2e Structure
# SUPP8 S8UCU8 S ;
# $87 $ CAS 8(
LC8(S CALL(S!I3ESD;( A # P B A BUS BA8
;("(UAL SP;S ;@UL$( ;
A 7C8P8US PLU8UBULA8
GA43T(ET
A;;ULA8 SPAC B9; SP;
A;( @AU;L $LL(9#ACTI5E &ATERIA( 9!bO+:1B7$ # @AU;L SAL( 9#
A PLASC PLU@CALL(BOTTO&BAR
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!lante !ositi2es 6 4ni;ue Structure
!(A3TE HAS THE &OST 43I !4RE (EA)9#; ALL;@ L7;0
(A&E((AR@8( C;S8UC;;#A;CS SU8$AC A8A
LA8@LE
$$C" SU8$AC A8A?+ TI&ES#A $ @78C SU8$AC
A8A
; F8;AL A((; $ AC"
7A8AL0 @8( SU8$AC
C;"8( Pb2#8U@#
C;8LL( C88S;
8AC; (U8;@ PLAP8CSS;@
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!lante !ositi2e !late
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2%
!lante 3egati2e !late
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SA3 Container
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!lante @@@11 Salient Features
Ecellent )ischarge !rofile
5ery (o" &aintenance
Fast Recharge and !ossibility Of High Rate Of
Charging 3o (oss In Ca'acity Throughout its (ife S'an
(ong (ife e'ectancy Of ?.+, /ears In FloatA''lication
Trans'arent Container Easy 5isual &onitoring
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!lante (o" &aintenance
Lo- oppin+ 8e,uire'ent Acieve% rou+
Anti'ony $ree Ultra Pure Lea%
"ery lo- e,uilibriu' !loat current
"ery lo- -ater loss Lo- oppin+ 8e,uire'ent
Acieve% rou+ ;o Leacable 'purity
;o poisonin+ o! ne+ative
;e+li+ible rise in e,uilibriu' !loat current %urin+
entire service li!e
#u+e pool o! electrolyte
5cellent ter'al 'ana+e'ent
7a)es up !or lost -ater
TO!!I3G 4! O3CE I3 ?+ 6 ?D &O3THS
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!lante . 3o (oss In Ca'acity
-ontinuous regeneration o active material
/otal Leaddioxide content airl! constant
throughout the lie s#an indicating a constant
ca#acit! out#ut
Lo1ering o internal resistance due to thinning
O #arent material ma! ex#ect higher ca#acit!
A##reciation as the cell ages
/hus consideration o lie actor in ca#acit!
ot necessar! as acce#ted ! IEEE '*& %$$)
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!lante 6 Easy &onitoring
/rans#arent SA ;S/
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!lant Cells
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&aintenance
oppin+ up
Car+in+
Cec)in+ an% cleanin+ o! ter'inals
n a lea% aci% battery car+in+ & cleanin+ /
cec)in+ o! ter'inals cannot be avoi%e%
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3%
&aintenance
TO!!I3G 4!
9A8 LSS
LC8LSS "AP8A;
(8CL P8P8;AL
A;7; C;; ;
# PLA
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(o" &aintenance
#o- s t Acieve% K
Lo- anti'ony alloy0
Less lectrolysis * lo- -ater loss
7icroporous vent plu+
Bi++er Container -it 'ore electrolyte / i+ aci%
ea% roo'
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Cera$ic )o$e
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#hat Is 5R(A %
"alve re+ulate% lea% aci% battery )no-n to
co''on users as
Seale% 'aintenance !ree batteryM
perates -it a sa!ety !or escape o! +asses
unavoi%ably +enerate% %urin+ operation
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S&F 5R(A Batteries
;o !ree electrolyte0 lectrolyte is )ept absorbe% in +lass
'at separators
nsu!!icient buoyancy !or o5y+en +as to travel up-ar% by
ne+ative +ravitation
5y+en travels oriontally & reaces ne+ative plate to
react -it 'etallic lea%
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5enting Arrange$ent Of A 5R(A Battery
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#hy 5R(A %
Seale% N Can be )ept in any orientation
;o toppin+ up re,uire% ever
A ero e'ission pro%uct
Battery co'es car+e%
Co'pact
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The Sealed &aintenance Free 75R(A8Battery
Battery is %elivere% rea%y to use
;o toppin+*up re,uire% ever
Oero e'ission un%er nor'al car+in+ con%itions Co'pact
Lo- !oot*print
asy to an%le
I3HERE3TA)5A3TAGES
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5ulnerabilities
#i+ te'perature
(eep %iscar+e
Cyclin+
Car+e sensitive
8ecovery !ro' over %iscar+e
er'al 8una-ay an% (ry out
Unpre%ictability
S l i C i i Of A B
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Selection Criteria Of A Battery
Pri'ary $actors
Current loa%
Bac)up ti'e
7ini'u' volta+e re,uire'ents o! te syste'
e lo-est e5cepte% operatin+ te'perature
S l ti C it i Of A B tt
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Selection Criteria Of A Battery
Secon%ary $actors 5pecte% !re,uency o! %iscar+e
(ept o! %iscar+e
A'bient te'perature
7eto% o! car+in+ constraint i! any
Li'itation on space
7aintenance li'itation
$loor loa%in+
T h i l C i
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Technical Co$'arsion
;o'inal "olta+e
ubular 2"
"8LA 2"
Plant
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Technical Co$'arison
8C#A8@
ubular Capable o! ,uic) recar+e by boost
car+in+ upto 20Hvpc an% J0G4 CGJ
A'ps recar+e current
"8LA Quic) recar+e li'ite% to !ast car+in+
upto 204vpc an% GI*2J? o! li'it current
Plant
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Technical Co$'arison
SUSCPBL #@# 7P8AU8
;(P ubular Satis!actory operations upto
4/IJJC electrolytic te'perature
"8LA Prolon+e% operation at i+a'bient te'perature curtail battery
li!e severely0
Plant< Satis!actory operations upto
4/IJJ
C electrolytic te'perature;i*C% Satis!actory operations upto
4/IJJC electrolytic te'perature
T h i l C i
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Technical Co$'arison
(iscar+e At $loat perations
ubular Satis!actory
"8LA Best
Plant< Satis!actory
;i*C% ;i*C% %oes not +ive !ull
capacity -en %iscar+e% a!ter
re'ainin+ on !loat !or a lon+
ti'e0 n or%er to obtain te%esire% capacityte capacity o!
te battery nee%s to be
increase% by I?
T h i l C i
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Technical Co$'arison
7;8;@ SA $ C#A8@
ubular Can be %one by 'easurin+ electrolyte
speci!ic +ravity
"8LA Cannot be %eter'ine% e5ternally acts asa blac) bo5
Plant< ter tan 'easurin+ electrolytic speci!ic
+ravity battery con%ition can be
'onitore% visually trou+ te transparentcontainers
;*C( Cannot be %eter'ine% e5ternally acts as
a blac) bo5
T h i l C i
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Technical Co$'arison
A@;@
ubular (e+ra%es +ra%ually %urin+ service li!e &!alls to about J? in *GJ years0 2I?capacity as to be increase% toco'pensate !or a+ein+
"8LA (e+ra%es +ra%ually %urin+ service li!e &!alls to about J? in GJ*GI years0 2I?capacity as to be increase% toco'pensate !or a+ein+
Plant< Plant< capacity %oes not %rop raterincreases in service li!e
;i*C% Capacity re'ains al'ost constant %urin+service li!e
Technical Co$'arison
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Technical Co$'arison
8LABL
ubular Quite reliable
"8LA @enerally reliable o-ever prone to
une5pecte% 'al!unctionin+Plant< 7ost reliable in !loat operations
;i*C% 8eliable %urin+ routine %uty cycles
o-ever prone to une5pecte%
'al!unctionin+ %urin+e'er+ency re,uire'ent
Technical Co$'arison
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Technical Co$'arison
(ife E'ectancyubular GJ*G2 years
"8LA *GJ years
Plant< GI*2J years
#(P ubular GJ*G2 years
;i*C% GI*2J years
Internal Resistance;(P ubular #i+est
"8LA Lo-est
Plant< J*4J?lo-er tan
e,uivalent #(P
ubular Cells
;i*C% Lo-
15
10
VRL
5
Internal
Resistance
L
ifeExpectancy
TUBULAR
TUBULAR
VRLA
VRLA Plante
Plante Ni-Cd
Ni-Cd
Technical Co$'arison
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Technical Co$'arison
oppin+ Up 8e,uire'ent ubular oppin+ up upto *4 ti'es in a year
"8LA ;o toppin+ up re,uire%
Plant< oppin+ up once in G2*G 'onts
;i*C% oppin+ up once a year0 5istin+
electrolyte nee%s to be can+e% every
H* years
Auto* $ill Syste's 8e'oves e ;ee% !
oppin+ Up 8outine 'aintenance is
re,uire% !or all cate+ories
o! batteriesNo.oftim
es/year
4
3
2
1
&yths Of 5R(A Batteries
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&yths Of 5R(A Batteries
7yt G "8LA batteries re,uire no 'aintenance Reality
As per te Clause ;o0 I0H o! GG>*G>>6
By te very nature o! te %esi+ns o! "8LA cells
speci!ic +ravity rea%in+s an% -ater a%%itions arenot practical0 Conse,uently te batteries are o!ten
re!erre% to as 'aintenance !ree0 #o-ever tis is
true only -it respect to te electrolyte0 ter-ise
"8LA battery 'aintenance is si'ilar to tat re,uire
!or !loo%e% batteriesM0
ere e5ists an stan%ar% . GG*G>>61
-ic is %e%icate% !or 'aintenance an% testin+ o!
"8LA batteries
&yths Of 5R(A Batteries
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&yths Of 5R(A Batteries
7yt 2 "8LA batteries can be use% in tropicalcli'ate at i+ te'peratures -itout any a%verse
e!!ects
Reality
As per Clause ;o0 B0 o! anne5ure B o! GG*G>>6
As a +eneral rule continuous prolon+e% use at
elevate% te'peratures -ill re%uce te batteries li!e
by appro5i'ately one*al! !or every J
C above 2IJ
C tat "8LA Batteries operate0 is e!!ect can be
'iti+ate% to so'e e5tent by te use o! te'perature
co'pensate% car+es0 peration at elevate%
te'peratures can also lea% to ter'al runa-ayM0
&yths Of 5R(A Batteries
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&yths Of 5R(A Batteries
7yt "8LA batteries %o not ave te sa'e!ailure 'ecanis's as !loo%e%
Reality As per Clause ;o0 I0 o! GG>*G>>6
e !a'iliar !ailure 'ecanis's o! positive platecorrosion an% +ro-t active 'aterial !ailure postseal lea)a+e an% container / cover seal lea)a+eassociate% -it vente% cells are also present in"8LA cells0 #o-ever in "8LA cell te e!!ects o!
lea)a+e at te post an% / or container cover sealsare 'ore si+ni!icant tan in vente% cells0
"8LA cells are susceptible to t-o !ailure 'o%estat are nor'ally not associate% -it vente% cells0ese are %ryout an% ter'al runa-ayM
#hy Then 5R(A %
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Exide Industries
Limited
2003, All rights reeserved.
Se#temer
$, 20%&
&&
#hy Then 5R(A %
eleco''unications & UPS applications pro%uct
attributes secon%ary re,uire'ent
S'all $oot Print ;o 'issions
;o 7aintenance
!o"er Stations
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Exide Industries
Limited
2003, All rights reeserved.
Se#temer
$, 20%&
&(
!o"er Stations
!roduct Attributes Re;uired Reliability
(eliver po-er as an% -en calle% !or an% !ull
capacity at any point o! ti'e in service li!e
!redictability #ealt
'pen%in+ $ailure
5pecte% i'e ! 8eplace'ent
i'e este%
Li!e
A''lication
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Exide Industries
Limited
2003, All rights reeserved.
Se#temer
$, 20%&
&)
A''licationOur Reco$$endation
3)! T4B4(AR
Ideal for fre;uentCharge
dischargecycling duties
5R(A
For relati2elyShort ti$e bac0u'
"ith $oderatede'th of discharge
!(A3TE
Ideal for $eeting dutycycle in float o'eration
!lant
Ideal for $eeting dutycycle in float o'eration
H)! T4B4(AR
Ideal for fre;uentchargedischarge
cycling duties
3I.C)
Can be used in highrate of discharge inabusi2e conditions
The Trade.Off
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Exide Industries
Limited
2003, All rights reeserved.
Se#temer
$, 20%&
&*
The Trade.Off
ere is no lea% aci% battery -it te bestpro%uct attributes in all te cate+ories o!
attributes
A tra%e*o!! as to be 'a%e !or eac
application se+'ent consi%erin+ te
re,uire'ents o! tat se+'ents
Best battery !or
po-er application *
PLA;
Best battery !or
eleco' application
* "8LA
03 June2003
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?:E2
003
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