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ETSI IoT Workshop 2019 1

Standards for the Global Internet of ThingsHow 3GPP Enables Massive Machine Type Communications

Georg Mayer, Huawei, 3GPP SA Chairman

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ETSI IoT Workshop 2019 2

Content

3GPP Overview3GPP & LPWA IoT

5G Overview 5G & IoT3GPP Rel-17 & IoT

Summary

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3GPP Overview

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TSG RANRadio Access Network

RAN WG1Radio Layer 1 spec

RAN WG2Radio Layer 2 spec

Radio Layer 3 RR spec

RAN WG3lub spec, lur spec, lu spec

UTRAN O&M requirements(Radio CN Interfaces)

RAN WG4Radio Performance

Protocol aspects

RAN WG5Mobile Terminal

Conformance Testing

RAN WG6GSM EDGE

Radio Access Network

TSG SAService & Systems Aspects

SA WG1Services

SA WG2Architecture

SA WG3Security

SA WG4Codec & Media

SA WG5Telecom Management

SA WG6Mission-Critical Applications

TSG CTCore Network & Terminals

CT WG1MM/CC/SM (lu)

(end-to-end aspects)

CT WG3Interworking with external

networks

CT WG4MAP/GTP/BCH/SS

(protocols within the CN)

CT WG6Smart Card Application Aspects

Project Coordination Group (PCG)

3GPP Organisation

3GPP – The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (“the project”)PCG – Coordination of 3GPP by the Organizational Partners (OPs)Technical Specification Groups (TSGs) covering different aspects of 3GPP system & processTSGs are organized into Working Groups (WGs)TSGs meet 4 times a year in the so-called “Plenary meetings” (co-located)WGs meet once or more per plenary cycle (mostly not co-located)Each TSG and each WG elects its own leadership (2 year terms / 2 terms)Technical work is mostly done in WGsOverall planning and coordination in TSGs

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3GPP works based on• Participation in face-to-face meetings• Pro-activity & Contributions – you need written

proposals to get attention• Consenus – nobody says “no” in order to progress

Work organization• Study Items, Work Items • Releases with fixed time-lines, which are partially

overlapping• Work Plan (good overview)

3 stages, often overlapping• Stage 1: Requirements• Stage 2: Architecture• Stage 3: Protocols

3GPP – How It Works

685 Companies actively participate in the 3GPP work• From all over the world• All major telecommunication companies – operators, network/device/chipset

vendors• More and more vertical industry representatives bring their work directly to 3GPP

Amazing Track Record • 3GPP started 1998, since then all major standards projects were deployed• E.g. 3G/UMTS, 4G/LTE, VoLTE/IMS, NB-IoT, 5G• Seamless migration from “old” to “new” technology generations

A new Release every 15 to 24 months• Allows for resonably fast standardization & deployment of new ideas• Strong commitment to time-lines guarantees reliable planning and time-to-market• New technologies get easily introduced (IP, IoT, AI ...)

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3GPP & LPWA IoT

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ETSI IoT Workshop 2019 7

Low Power Wide Area IoT @3GPP

eMTC (“LTE-M”) – Machine Type Communication• Radio access for M2M / IoT devices• Data rate: Down 4 / Up 7 Mbit/s (system bandwidth 5MHz)

Down 1 / Up 3 Mbit/s (system bandwidth 1.4MHz)• Mobility & voice• More bandwitdth, more costly than NB-IoT

NB-IoT – Narrow Band Internt of Things• Indoor coverage• Peak Data rate: Down 126.8 / Up 158.5 kbit/s• Low cost devices• Long battery life• High connection density

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Low Power Wide Area IoT @3GPP

Four KPIs for 3GPP LPWA IoT solutions

Connection density1 000 000 UEs/km2

UE battery life up to15 years (2AA Batteries)

Coverage extension 164 dB MCL @160 bps

UE complexity and costUltra-low

SmartElecLimited

0235

• Reduced RF and baseband bandwidths of 1.4 MHz for eMTC and 180 kHz for NB-IoT

• Relaxed signal processing requirements, with further relaxations in NB-IoT

• Optimised for small infrequent packet transmissions e.g. 50-200 bytes few times/day

• Transfer data earlier with fewer transmissions, and less battery consumption

• Maximise time UE can spend in low-power states and eliminate avoidable UE RX/TX

• Repetition, PSD boosting, and low-PAPR transmissions

• In good coverage, NB-IoT and eMTC do not need repetitions

• Small resource allocations, 3.75 kHz subcarriers (NB-IoT), scalable network capacity

• Reduced signalling overhead to free-up resources for connecting more devices per cell

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2016 2018

#74 #75 #76 #77 #78#71 #72 #73 #79 #80 #81 #82

2019

#83 #84 #85 #86

R13 NB-IoT

R15 NB-IoT-- Wake up signal-- UL Early data transmission-- Physical layer SR/BSR-- SIB1 acquire reduction-- RRM measurement enh.-- NPRACH enhancement-- Small cell-- TDD

20162015

#67 #68 #69 #70

Cellular IoT SI

R13 eMTC WI

Rel-14 NB-IoT Rel-15 NB-IoT Rel-16 NB-IoT

Radio Access evolution

#63 #64 #65 #66

R12 MTC WI

R12 eMTC-- Single RE-- HD-FDD

R13 eMTC-- BW reduction 1.4MHz-- 15dB CE-- Low cost Cat-M1

R13 NB-IoT-- Coverage-- Latency-- Battery life-- Massive connections-- Ultra low cost Cat-NB1

R14 NB-IoT-- Positioning-- Multicast (SC-PTM)-- Paging-- Mobility enhancement for cell re-establishment-- 15dBm low power class UE-- Cat-NB2

Rel-14 eMTC

R14 eMTC-- Larger BW-- Positioning enh.-- VoLTE enh-- Multicast enh.

R15 eMTC-- Rapid access-- Wake up signal-- UL Early transmission -- Early feedback

R16 NB-IoT & R16 eMTC-- DL enhancement: UE group wake up signal / DL early data transmission-- UL enhancement: uplink transmission in preconfigure resource-- Scheduling enhancement: scheduling multiple DL/UL transport blocks with or without DCI-- Coexistence with NR-- Connectivity to 5G-CN -- others for NB-IoT or eMTC individual enhancement

Rel-15 eMTC Rel-16 eMTC

2014 2017

NR coexistencefunctionality & performance enhancementsLPWA Framework

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CoreNetwork evolution2016 2018

#74 #75 #76 #77 #78#71 #72 #73 #79 #80 #81 #82

2019

#83 #84 #85 #86

R15: TEI15- Service Gap Control- CN assistance for NB-IoT UE

Uu operation optimization- Identification of LTE-M

(eMTC) traffic- UL Early Data Transmission- Reliable Data Service with

PtP SGi Tunneling

20162015

#67 #68 #69 #70

Rel-13: CIoT Architecture Framework

#45 #46 … … #66

Rel-10 ~ Rel-12: MTC Enhancement

R13: AE_CIoT SI/WI- NAS signaling simplification- Small data (CP/UP optimization)- Non-IP data

R14: CIoT_Ext SI/WI- Authorization of use of

Coverage Enhancement- Reliable Data Service

between UE and SCEF- Location Services

architecture- MBMS architecture- CIoT Rate control- Inter UE QoS for NB-IoT- Inter RAT mobility

to/from NB-IoT

Rel-14: Architecture extension

R16: 5G_CIoT SI/WI- Infrequent/Frequent small data- High latency Communication- Power Saving Functions- Management of Enhanced Coverage- Overload Control for small data- Reliable Data Service- Common north-bound APIs for EPC-

5GC Interworking- Network Parameter

Configuration/Expected UE Behavior- Monitoring- Inter-RAT mobility to/from NB-IoT- QoS Support for NB-IoT- Core Network selection for CIoT- Group communication and messaging- MSISDN-less MO SMS

Rel-15: Further enhancement

Rel-16: CIoT Evolution for 5G

2009 ~ 2014 2017

R10: NIMTC SI/WI- Congestion control in

MME/PGW- SGW downlink Paging

throttling- Request RAN for RRC

rejection/EAB- Longer PTAU/RAU timer

R11: SIMTC SI/WI- Addressing: IPv6- Identifier/MSISDN less- PS only: SMS in MME- Device trigger with SMS

R12: MTCe SI/WI- CN assisted RAN tuning- Power saving Mode (PSM)

R13: GROUPE SI/WI- Group ID in HSS for NAS congestion

control- Group message delivery using

MBMS

R13: eDRX/HLCOM SI/WI- Extended Idle mode DRX- DL data delivery for power saving UE

R13: AESE/MONTE SI/WI- Network capability exposure (SCEF)- UE Monitoring event exposure

R13: DECOR SI/WI- Dedicated Core Network for CIoT

R14: eDECOR SI/WI- UE assistance for DCN

selection

NR coexistencefunctionality & performance enhancementsLPWA Framework

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EC-GSM-IoT

Extended Coverage GSM for support of Internet of Things Rel-13 and onwardsevolution of EGPRS providing, streamlined protocol implementation and reduced MS complexity compared to GPRS/EGPRS

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Northbound APIs

Triggered by interactions with oneM2M, 3GPP started with Rel-15 to specify the northbound APIs / Network Capability ExposureFunctionalities offered via APIs are e.g.• Group Message delivery• Monitoring of specific events in 3GPP network• MT communication for UEs using power saving functions (eDRX)• Information about potential network issues• …

Northbound APIs are upgraded with every 3GPP Release

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Overview

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ETSI IoT Workshop 2019 14

IMT-2020 Requirements

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Overview

Internet

Enterprise

W

H

AA

RR

ED

LTE

A P I

Public Safety

Medicine

Smart City AutomotiveSmart

Factory

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& IoT

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ETSI IoT Workshop 2019 17

mMTC/mIoT & Vertical Industries

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IMT-2020 Self-Evaluation

Technical feature ISD (m) Scheme and

antenna config.

Sub-carrier spacing

Channel model A Channel model B

Connection density

(device/km2)

Required bandwidth

(kHz)

Connection density

(device/km2)

Required bandwidth

(kHz)

NR500 1x2 SIMO

OFDMA 15 kHz35,569,150

18035,082,937

1801732 1,267,406 1,529,707

NB-IoT500

1x2 SIMO 15 kHz43,691,789

18043,626,653

1801732 2,335,319 2,376,936

eMTC500

1x2 SIMO 15 kHz35,235,516

18034,884,438

1801732 1,212,909 1,511,989

Connection density evaluation results (full buffer method)

“Connection density is the total number of devices fulfilling a specific quality of service (QoS) per unit area (per km2). […] The minimum requirement for connection density is 1 000 000 devices per km2. ” [M.2410-0]

“The requirement is fulfilled if the 99th percentile of the delay per user Di is less than or equal to 10s, and the connection density is greater than or equal to the connection density requirement... ” [M.2412-0]

Requirement of 1 000 000 devices/km2 is met in all evaluated cases

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NB-IoT / eMTC & 5G

Co-existence of NB-IoT and eMTC with 5G is enabled based on Rel-15 and Rel-16 work items3GPP RAN self-evaluation of NB-IoT and eMTC shows that both technologies fulfill the IMT 2020 requirements.Though both were initially defined for 4G, the recent 3GPP efforts make NB-IoT and eMTC two cornerstones of 5G IoT solutions.

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3GPP Rel-17 & IoT

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3GPP Rel-17

Rel-17 is the continuation of 3GPP’s 5G standardization

Rel-17 content & timeline will be decided by SA and RAN in December 2019Initial prioritized list of items has been agreed

For the following slides please note• Most of the items are in their early discussion phase in 3GPP RAN & SA. • Currently no official study or work items exist for these new features. • The decision if these new items will be part of R17 will be made in 12/19.

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Rel-17: NR-Light

Stripped-down version of 5G New Radio (NR) with IoT in its focus.Low-cost / Low-complexity deviceDevices with e.g. higher bandwidth (e.g. surveillance cams), mobility (e.g. wearables) and/or latency demands, compared with NB-IoT/eMTC.Middle ground between NB-IoT and NR.No LPWA, no URLLC-specific enhancements.

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Rel-17: industrial IoT (iIoT)

Solutions for cyber physical control applications (e.g. for factory of the future) were already developed in R16, this new item now focusses on additional, IoT related requirements of such use cases.Enhanced support of integration with IEEE TSN.• Uplink Time Synchronization (with TSN GM clock on the device side)• Support for 5G System integration with fully distributed configuration model.

Support for Deterministic applications.• TSC related Optimizations for UE – UE communication via 5GS.• Exposure of network capabilities to support deterministic QoS, Time Synchronization to AF

Time Sensitive communication (sync, QoS) related enablers for AV Production.

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Rel-17: NB-IoT/eMTC Enhancements

Peak data rate enhancements for NB-IoTFurther improved multi-carrier operation for NB-IoT

Scheduling and latency enhancementsPower consumption further reductionRelaying

Mobility enhancements including inter-RAT to/from NRMulticast/broadcast with connection to 5GCSatellite• Proposal to adapt for Satellite use with minimal radio, protocol and implementation changes• Promoting companies expect the reuse of NB-IoT/eMTC device hardware while preserving the

fundamental characteristics i.e. high energy efficiency and low cost structure

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Summary

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Summary

NB-IoT and eMTC are 3GPP standardized technologies which serve the needs of state-of-the-art IoT devices. They both integrate into the 5G System and therefore are a long-term guarantee for device-vendors and IoT service providers. 3GPP today looks beyond the LPWA requirements and standardizes solutions for areas, in which IoT technologies are part of converged and more demanding (data rate, latency, reliability) solutions.Tough Rel-17 content has not been approved yet, items like NR-light, industrial IoT and NB-IoT via satellite show that 3GPP will provide high-grade IoT solutions as part of the global 5G Eco-System.

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Thank You!

Georg Mayer3GPP SA Chairmanmail: georg.mayer@huawei.comphone: +43 699 1900 5758