Standards-Based Curriculum Support! - Triumph · PDF fileStandards-Based Curriculum Support!...

Florida Coach

, Gold E

dition, S

tandards-B

ased Instruction

, Scien

ce, Grade 5

19

5FL Developed in Consultation

with Florida Educators

Standards-Based Curriculum Support!Coach is the leader in standards-based, state-customized instruction for grades K–12 in English language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies. Our student texts deliver everything you need to meet your state standards and prepare your class for grade-level success!

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PLUS Chapter Reviews and Laboratory Investigationsthat target assessed skills

Used by more students in the U.S. than any other state-customized series, Coach books are proven effective. Triumph Learning has been a trusted name in educational publishing for more than 40 years, and we continue to work with teachers and administrators to keep our books up to date—improving test scores and maximizing student learning.

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978-1-60471-673-3This book is printed on paper containing a minimum of 10% post-consumer waste.

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Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law. 3

Table of Contents

Florida Benchmarks

Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Test-Taking Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Correlation Chart . . . 7

Chapter 1 Scientific Knowledge and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Lesson 1 Scientific Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SC.5.N.1.1, SC.5.N.2.1,

SC.5.N.2.2

Lesson 2 Supporting Scientific Understanding . . . 16 SC.5.N.1.1, SC.5.N.2.2

Lesson 3 Observations, Opinions, and Inferences . . 20 SC.5.N.1.1, SC.5.N.1.6,

SC.5.N.2.1

Lesson 4 Scientific Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 SC.5.N.1.1, SC.5.N.1.2

Lesson 5 Displaying and Interpreting Data . . . . . . 28 SC.5.N.1.1

Lesson 6 Conducting Scientific Experiments. . . . . 32 SC.5.N.1.1, SC.5.N.1.3,

SC.5.N.1.4, SC.5.N.1.5,

SC.5.N.2.2

Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Chapter 2 Earth Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Lesson 7 The Milky Way Galaxy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 SC.5.E.5.1

Lesson 8 Planets of the Solar System . . . . . . . . . . 48 SC.5.E.5.2, SC.5.E.5.3

Lesson 9 Other Objects of the Solar System. . . . . 53 SC.5.E.5.3

Lesson 10 Earth’s Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 SC.5.E.7.1, SC.5.E.7.2

Lesson 11 Influences on Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 SC.5.E.7.3, SC.5.E.7.4

Lesson 12 Weather and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 SC.5.E.7.5, SC.5.E.7.6

Lesson 13 Preparing for Weather Emergencies. . . . 68 SC.5.E.7.7

Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Chapter 3 Properties of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Lesson 14 Atomic Theory of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 SC.5.P.8.4

Lesson 15 Physical Properties of Matter . . . . . . . . . 82 SC.5.P.8.1

Lesson 16 Making and Separating Mixtures . . . . . . 86 SC.5.P.8.3

Lesson 17 Water and Solubility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 SC.5.P.8.2

Lesson 18 Comparing Physical and

Chemical Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SC.5.P.9.1

Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

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4 Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.

Chapter 4 Energy and Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Lesson 19 Forms of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 SC.5.P.10.1, SC.5.P.10.2,

SC.5.P.10.4

Lesson 20 Understanding Charges . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 SC.5.P.10.3

Lesson 21 Electrical Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 SC.5.P.10.4, SC.5.P.11.1

Lesson 22 Conductors and Insulators . . . . . . . . . . 118 SC.5.P.11.2

Lesson 23 Forces and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 SC.5.P.13.1, SC.5.P.13.2,

SC.5.P.13.3, SC.5.P.13.4

Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Chapter 5 Living Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Lesson 24 Comparing Plants and Animals . . . . . . 130 SC.5.L.14.2

Lesson 25 Human Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 SC.5.L.14.1

Lesson 26 Adaptations and Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . 138 SC.5.L.15.1, SC.5.L.17.1

Chapter 5 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Investigation 1: How Water Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Investigation 2: Exploring Electric Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163



Getting the Idea

If you could view Earth from space, you would

see that it is a mostly blue planet. This is because

water covers nearly three-fourths of Earth’s surface. In this

lesson, you will find out all about how Earth’s water moves

and changes.

The Water PlanetEarth is a special place. It is the only known planet covered

mostly by liquid water. On Earth, water occurs naturally

in three different states. You will learn more about these

states in Lesson 15. Water does not exist naturally as a

solid, a liquid, and a gas on any other known planet. Liquid

water is one of the reasons why life can survive on Earth.

Earth’s temperature is just right for liquid water. One reason

for its ideal temperature is Earth’s distance from the sun.

Another reason is Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is

the blanket of air and dust particles that surrounds Earth.

The atmosphere keeps Earth warm by trapping some of the

heat energy of the sun and holding it close to Earth.

SC.5.E.7.1, SC.5.E.7.2

Key Wordsatmospherewater vaporwater cycleevaporationcondensationprecipitation

Earth’s Water Cycle1010



Did You Know

Earth is covered by about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers of water. Most of it is salt water. The air, or atmosphere, holds about 12,000 cubic kilometers of water. The land holds about 36 million cubic kilometers of water in groundwater and the polar ice caps.

Earth’s WaterNearly 97% of Earth’s water is contained in its salty

oceans. Very little of Earth’s water is usable fresh water.

Fresh water is not salty. Liquid fresh water is found in

larger bodies such as lakes, swamps, and rivers. However,

there are solid forms of fresh water, too. Most of Earth’s

fresh water is stored as ice, or frozen water. Frozen forms

of fresh water include polar ice caps, masses of moving

ice called glaciers, and snow.

There are other sources of fresh water that you cannot

see because they are under the ground. This underground

water is called groundwater. Water from rain, ice, snow,

and hail seeps into the soil. The water makes its way

deep under the ground, where it collects in layers of

rock and sand. In fact, much more fresh water occurs as

groundwater than in all the lakes, rivers, and swamps on

Earth’s surface. Earth’s air also contains some fresh water.

This water is in the form of the gas called water vapor.

Groundwater30%

Lakes, rivers,atmosphere, etc.

1%

Salt water(seas and oceans)

97%

All Water Fresh Water

Fresh water3%

Icebergs,glaciers,

snow, permafrost69%

Water on the MoveWater on Earth is constantly moving and changing. Many

different things can happen to Earth’s water. It can be a

solid, liquid, or gas. It can sink into the ground to become

groundwater. It can fall from the sky into a lake or ocean.

Gravity can pull the water downhill to flow over Earth’s

surface. Water travels from mountaintops into rivers that

eventually empty into oceans. Some water from rivers and

oceans and returns to the air. In this way, water constantly

moves among the air, land, and oceans.

Lesson 10: Earth’s Water Cycle



Water travels among the air, land, and the oceans in

a continuous movement called the water cycle. The

water cycle is the series of steps by which water moves

between Earth and the atmosphere. The diagram below

shows a model of the water cycle.

Ocean Lake

Ground

Cloud

Condensation:Air cools water

forming droplets.Precipitation: Water

falls to Earth’s surface.Precipitation: Water

falls to Earth’s surface.

Evaporation: Waterturns into a gas.

The Water Cycle

Both the sun’s energy and the oceans play an important

part in the water cycle. As the sun shines on and warms

up the oceans and other bodies of water, some water near

the surface changes into water vapor. This change from

liquid water into water vapor is called evaporation. The

water vapor rises into the air.

As water vapor rises, it cools and changes back to liquid

water. This change from water vapor to liquid water is

called condensation. Tiny water droplets collect on

specks of dust floating in the air. This forms clouds.

When water droplets in clouds get too big and heavy, they

fall back to Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is any

form of water that falls from the sky. It includes rain, snow,

hail, and sleet. You will learn more about precipitation in

Lesson 11.



Lesson 10: Earth’s Water Cycle

DISCUSSION QUESTIONHow is the ocean important to the water cycle?

LESSON REVIEW

1. Where is most of Earth’s water found?

A. underground

B. in Earth’s oceans

C. in rivers and lakes

D. in polar ice caps

2. Which of these is a process in which water vapor becomes water drops?

A. evaporation C. freezing

B. precipitation D. condensation

3. Rain, sleet, snow, and hail are all examples of what?

A. precipitation C. condensation

B. evaporation D. groundwater

4. Which of the following BEST describes a way in which water moves in the water cycle?

A. Water falls from the sky as rain. It stays where it falls until it evaporates.

B. Water falls from the sky as snow. As the snow melts, the water runs up to Earth’s mountains.

C. Water falls from the sky as rain. The water then flows downhill.

D. Water falls from the sky as hail. The hail is eventually buried in the ground.


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