Field and Charge Collection studies on pion irradiated p-type Float Zone strip detectors
Standards and Regulations for LNG Bunkering · 2017. 10. 11. · Tank connection space Zone 1 Fuel...
Transcript of Standards and Regulations for LNG Bunkering · 2017. 10. 11. · Tank connection space Zone 1 Fuel...
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Standards and Regulations for LNG Bunkering
Rich DelpizzoManager, Global Gas SolutionsNov 2014
NOSAC
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Overview
� Why LNG as Fuel?
� Who are the Players for LNG Fueled Regulations?
� Regulations Affecting LNGF Ships and Bunkering Facilities
� ABS LNG Bunkering Study
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Why LNG as Fuel?
� Need for low sulfur fuel
� Need for inexpensive fuel
� Need to meet ECA Requirements
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IMO Regulation – MEPC.1/Circ. 723
Source: www.imo.org
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5Source: www.hapag-lloyd.com
IMO Regulation – MEPC.1/Circ. 723
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IMO Regulation – MEPC.1/Circ. 723
� Titled - INFORMATION ON NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION CONTROL AREA (ECA) UNDER MARPOL ANNEX VI
� Amends MARPOL Annex VI to designate the North American Emission Control Area (ECA) for NOx, SOx and particulate matter
� The requirements within the North American ECA for SOx and particulate matter “will be effective on 1 August 2012”
� While in the ECA, the sulphur content of fuel oil used “on board ships shall not exceed 1.00% m/m on and after 1 August 2012, and 0.10% m/m on and after 1 January 2015”
Source: www.imo.org
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7Source: www.hapag-lloyd.com
IMO Regulation – MEPC.1/Circ. 723
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LNG Class Requirements
� ABS Steel Vessel Rules
� Part 5C, Chapter 8
� ABS Guides
� ABS Guide for Dual Fuel Engines
� ABS Guide for Propulsion Systems for
LNG Carriers
� ABS Guide for Gas Fueled Ships
� IACS
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IACS Members
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IMO LNGC Regulatory Framework
� IMO:
� International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code)
� Revised IGC Code
� International Convention for the Safetyof Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS)
� International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers,1978 (STCW) (Amended 1995)
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Type Ap < 700 mbar
Full secondary barrier
Spherical (Moss)
Prismatic (IHI SPB) .
Type Bp < 700 mbar
Partial Seondary barrier
Cylindrical
Bilobe
Type Cp > 2000 mbar
No Secondary barrier
Independent Tanks
GTT No 96
GTT Mark III
GTT CS1
Membrane Tanksp < 700 mbar
Full secondary barrier
Integral tanks
IMO Classification of LNG Vessels
Sources: Moss Maritime, IHI, TGE, GTT
Based on classical
ship structure
design rules
Based on first-
principle analysis
and model tests
Pressure vessels,
based on pressure
vessel code
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LNG as Fuel - a Proven Technology
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LNG Fueled Ships - Regulatory Framework
� IMO Interim Guidelines on Safety for Natural Gas-Fueled Engine Installations in Ships (IMO Res. MSC.285(86))
� DRAFT IMO International Code for Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code)
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Interim Guidelines - IMO Res. MSC.285(86)
� Ship Arrangements and System Design
� Materials
� Specific requirements for tank rooms, gas compressor room
� Piping
� Emergency Shutdown
� Gas Fuel Storage
� Liquefied
� Compressed
� Bunkering Station
� Ventilation
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Interim Guidelines - IMO Res. MSC.285(86)
� Fire Safety
� Electrical Systems and Area classification
� Hazardous area zones
� Control, Monitoring and Safety
� Compressors and Engines
� Manufacture, Workmanship and Testing
� Operational and Training Requirements
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Draft IGF Code
� Location of Cargo Tanks
� Ship Survival Capability & Tank Arrangements
� Cargo Containment
� Type A, B, C tanks
� Integral Tanks
� Process Systems
� Controls and Instrumentation
� Ventilation and Venting
� Environmental Control
� Electrical and Fire Extinction
� Use of Cargo as Fuel
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Tank Connection Space/Room Requirements
� Gas fueled ships Type C arrangements
Tank connection
spaceZone 1
Fuel storage room
Zone 2
Ventilation
Gas detectorsFire detectors
LNG tank Zone 0
A-60 boundary
to machinery
space
Independent access from deck
Tank connection space:gastight A-60
ventilation & gas detectioncryogenic material
maximum PBU or ventthermally isolated
Source: Cryo AB
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Dual Fuel Safety Concepts
� Prevention of gas leakage
� Double barriers
� Sealing systems
� Prevention of explosive atmosphere
� Ventilation and gas
detection
� Master gas valve and block
and bleed valves
� Purge and inert
� Explosion mitigation
� Design for worst case
� Pressure relief systemsSource: Hoerbiger
� Suitable redundancy
� Fuel supply systems
� Switch to oil mode (DF engines)
� Stable combustion
� Hazardous area classification
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USCG Regulation Development
� Chemical Transportation Advisory Committee (CTAC)
– Working Group for Safety Standards for the Design of Vessels
Carrying Natural Gas or Using Natural Gas as Fuel
– Margaret Kaigh Doyle, Chair
� Task Statement: Identify gaps in current Coast Guard policy and
regulation:
– Design, installation and operation of natural gas fueled systems
for propulsion of commercial vessels
– Design of novel vessels carrying natural gas in bulk
– Fuel Transfer Operation
– Develop acceptable design criteria/ recommendations to help fill
those gaps
Source: CTAC
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Bunkering & LNG Transfers
� USCG - Chemical Transportation Advisory Committee (CTAC):
� CG-521 Policy Letter No. 01-12 dated 19 April 2012: “Equivalency
Determination – Design Criteria for Natural Gas Fuel Systems
� USCG (CG-OES) Policy Letter No. 01-14: Guidelines for Liquefied
Natural Gas Fuel Transfer Operations and Training of Personnel on
Vessels Using Natural Gas as Fuel (Draft)
� USCG (CG-OES) Policy Letter No. 02-14: Guidelines Related to
Vessels and Waterfront Facilities Conducting Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) Marine Fuel Transfer (Bunkering) Operations (Draft)
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Coast Guard Sector Mobile
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Coast Guard Sector Mobile
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Current Gas Fueled Ship Projects in USA
� Six new construction OSVs for Harvey Gulf International Marine being
built at Trinity Offshore, Gulfport, MS
� Two new construction 3,100 TEU Containerships for Totem Ocean
Trailer Express (TOTE), Inc. being built by NASSCO, San Diego, CA
� Conversion of the two ORCA class Trailer Vessels for TOTE, Inc.
� Washington State Ferries – Issaquah Class Ferry conversion program
� Austen Class Staten Island Passenger Ferry conversion pilot program
� Interlake Steamship Co. Laker Conversion project
� Horizon Lines, Inc. Containership Re-powering project
� Two new construction 2,400 TEU Ro-Ro (ConRo) vessels for Crowley
Maritime Corp. being built at VT Halter in Pascagoula, MS
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US LNG Fueled Ship Programs
� Harvey Gulf (6 ships)
� TOTE Container Ships (2)
Source: TOTE, Harvey Gulf
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ABS LNG Bunkering Study Objective
To create a first of its kind guide to assist potential owner/operators of:
� Gas-fueled vessels,
� LNG bunker vessels, and
� LNG bunkering facilities
in the development of LNG bunkering projects in North America by describing:
� Regulatory requirements
� Current and planned LNG supply
infrastructure
� State, provincial, port, and local issues
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Study Overview
� Introduces LNG conversion drivers
� Describes bunkering options
� Introduces hazards, risks and recommended safeguards
� Presents current, applicable regulations, codes, and standards
� Discusses current/planned LNG supply infrastructure
� Provides examples of proposed and ongoing bunkering projects
� Outlines a recommended process for gaining approval of LNG bunkering projects
� Presents local, regional and port-specific issues
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LNG Bunkering Study (www.eagle.org)
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Examples of Other Studies
� Maritime Administration - Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Bunkering Study (DNV-GL)
� Report No.: PP087423-4, Rev 3 (3 Sep 2014)
� LR LNG Bunkering Infrastructure Survey 2014
� Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) study on
the technical procedures for LNG bunkering in the Port of
Singapore (LR)
� BV’s Guidance on LNG Bunkering (NI 618)
� ISO “Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of
LNG as a fuel to ships” (DRAFT)
� ISO TC8/WG8 - LNG Fueled Ships
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LNG Bunkering Options
Vessel to
Vessel3
Terminal Tank
to Vessel1Truck to
Vessel2
Alternative:
Portable Tank Transfer
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LNG Bunkering Risk Drivers
Initiating Events Common Causes
Leaks from LNG
pumps, pipes,
hoses, or tanks
• Corrosion/erosion, fatigue failure, hose failure, & seal failure
• Improper maintenance
• Use of inappropriate hoses (e.g., not LNG rated)
• Vibration
• Improper installation or handling
• Improper bunkering procedures
Inadvertent
disconnection
of hoses
• Improper hose connection or hose failure
• Excessive movement of the loading arm or transfer system
• Inadequate mooring or mooring line failure
• Supply truck drives/rolls or supply vessel drifts/sails away
with hose still connected
• Extreme weather or natural disaster
Overfilling vessel
fuel tanks
• Operator and level controller fail to stop flow when tank is full
External Impact • Cargo or stores dropped on bunkering equipment
• Vessel collides with the receiving or bunkering vessel
• Vehicle collides with bunkering equipment
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Recommended Safeguards for LNG Bunkering
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Bow-Tie Diagram Illustrating Recommended Safeguards for LNG Bunkering Operations
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Liquefaction
Facility Supply Truck
Bunkering Truck
Portable Tank
Transfer
Bunker Ship/Barge
DC
E
B
F
G
A
LNG
Storage
Tank
Gas-fueled Vessel
33CFR 127: Waterfront Facilities Handling LNG and Liquefied Hazardous Gas (USCG)
33CFR 105: Maritime Security: Facilities (USCG)
NFPA 52: Vehicular Gaseous Fuel Systems Code
33CFR 154: Facilities Transferring Oil Or Hazardous Material In Bulk (USCG)
40 CFR 68: Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions (EPA)
29 CFR 1910.119: Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (OSHA)
NFPA 59A: Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of LNG
49 CFR 193: Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities: Federal Safety Standards (DOT)
E
G
F
33CFR 155: Oil Or Hazardous Material Pollution Prevention Regulations for
Vessels (USCG)
46 CFR Sub D/O: Tank Vessels, Certain Bulk Dangerous Cargoes (USCG)
CG-OES Policy Letter No.01-12: Equivalency Determination – Design Criteria
for Natural Gas Fuel Systems (USCG)
46CFR Parts 10, 11, 12, 13, 15: Merchant Marine Officers and Seamen
Credentials & Requirements (USCG)
33CFR 156: Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer Operations (USCG)
AD
B
C
Potentially Applicable Regulations, Codes, & Standards for LNG Bunkering in the United States
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Potential LNG Supply Sources
� Existing LNG import facilities
� Proposed LNG export facilities
� Existing LNG peakshaving/satellite facilities
� Existing and proposed liquefaction facilities supporting other transportation modes
� Proposed bunkering facilities with liquefaction process
� Proposed bunkering facilities supplied via trucks/transportation containers
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LNG Bunkering Facility in Port Fourchon
� Harvey Gulf building first LNG Bunkering facility in US
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LNG America Bunker Barge
Source: LNG America
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Sabine Liquefaction Project (Cheniere Energy)
� Artist Rendition of New Facility
Source: Cheniere Energy, Inc.
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Sabine Liquefaction Project (Cheniere Energy)
� October 2014 Aerial View of Construction Progress
Source: Cheniere Energy, Inc.
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www.eagle.org