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StandardsStandards SSUSH16 The student will identify key developments in the aftermath of WW
I. Element: SSUSH16.a Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States
led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction. Element: SSUSH16.c Identify Henry Ford, mass production, and the automobile. Element: SSUSH16.d Describe the impact of radio, and the movies. Element: SSUSH16.e Describe modern forms of cultural expression, including Louis
Armstrong and the origins of jazz, Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance, Irving Berlin, and Tin Pan Alley.
The Roaring 20sThe Roaring 20sChapter 20 1919-1929Chapter 20 1919-1929
How did the United States experience both economic growth and social change in the decade after World War I?
A Booming Economy bb
The Automobile Drives Prosperity Main Idea: A large economic boom in the 1920s was sparked largely by the automobile industry. Henry Ford’s use of mass production and assembly lines lowered car prices and increased the number of Americans who owned cars.
A Bustling Economy
Main Idea: The economic growth of the 1920 impacted both consumers and the stock market.
Cities, Suburbs, and Country
Main Idea: Cities grew in population and size and improved transportation allowed suburbs to expand, but rural areas did not share in this growth.
Continued…
Postwar AdjustmentsPostwar AdjustmentsEconomic
Adjustments◦ Wartime demand
dropped◦ Soldiers faced
unemployment◦ Lower demand◦ Higher cost of living◦ Labor Unrest
increased◦ Discrimination against
blacks
A Booming EconomyA Booming EconomySection 1Section 1
How did the booming economy of the 1920s lead to changes in American life?
Vocabulary: -Henry Ford consumer
revolution -mass production installment buying -Model T bull market -assembly line buying on margin -scientific management
A Consumer EconomyA Consumer Economy
Buying On CreditAge of ElectricityFord and the
AutomobileEffects on the rest
of the economyIndustrial growth
Auto Drives ProsperityAuto Drives ProsperityHenry Ford – assembly line: moving line brought car to the worker, who added parts; reduced production time for a Model T to 90 minutes
Scientific management: process of hiring experts to improve mass production techniques
Ordinary people could afford one
Changes in AmericaChanges in AmericaAuto industry
stimulated other industries related to car manufacture (insurance, steel, glass, rubber, asphalt, wood, gasoline, road construction)
Other forms of transportation declined
Appearance of service stations, diners, motels
Sense of freedom
Suburbs
Consumer RevolutionConsumer RevolutionAdvertisingConsumer credit – installment buying
Bull market, period of rising stock prices
Buying on margin – borrowing money to buy stocks
Cities, Suburbs, and Country
People flock to citiesSuburbs grow, draining people and resources from the cities
Many Americans face hardship; farm incomes declined during the 1920s
The Business of The Business of GovernmentGovernment
Section 2Section 2How did domestic and foreign policy change direction under Harding and Coolidge?
Vocabulary: -Andrew Mellon Herbert Hoover -Calvin Coolidge Teapot Dome
scandal -Washington Naval Disarmament Conference -Kellogg-Briand Pact -Dawes Plan
The Business of Government
The Harding Administration
Main Idea: While in office, Harding reduced regulation of business and turned to others to make decisions, often leading to scandal.
Coolidge Prosperity
Main Idea: Coolidge supported big business, worked to reduce national debt, and oversaw a boom in the nation’s economy. However, he took no action against many social problems occurring at the time.
America’s Role in the World
Main Idea: World War I impacted American foreign policy in the 1920’s, as the government worked with other countries to collect war debts and prevent future wars.
A Republican DecadeA Republican Decade
Warren G. Harding◦ Elected in 1920◦ Scandals◦ Died August 3 1923
Calvin Coolidge◦ Laissez Faire Capitalism
“The business of the American people is business”
◦ Kellogg-Briand PactHerbert Hoover 1928
Harding AdministrationHarding AdministrationAndrew Mellon –
Secretary of the Treasury, advanced business interests
Reduced spending from $18 billion to $3 billion
Raised tariffs, weakening world economy
Herbert Hoover – Secretary of Commerce, sought voluntary advancements between labor and business
Political ScandalsPolitical ScandalsWarren G. Harding
◦ One of the worst Presidents in the history of the U.S.
◦ Advocated anti-lynching laws
◦ allowed Eugene Debs in the White House
◦ Harding’s cabinet was extremely corrupt
Teapot Dome Scandal◦ Worst of the scandals◦ This 1924 cartoon shows
the dimensions of the Teapot Dome scandal
Republican Foreign Republican Foreign PolicyPolicy
Harding Isolationism (leads to nativism) Disarmament – reducing the size and
strength of the military Limiting Immigration – Quota for 350,000
people per year to immigrateCoolidge
◦Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 Aristide Briand and Frank. B. Kellogg
signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact (Pact of Paris). The treaty outlawed war between France and the United States. The US Senate ratified it in 1929 and over the next few years 62 nations signed a similar agreement committing themselves to peace. Unenforceable
Coolidge ProsperityCoolidge ProsperityReduced the national debtTrimmed the federal budgetLowered taxesBoom economyTroubles brewing: -farmers struggled to keep land -labor unions -Discrimination
Collecting War DebtsCollecting War DebtsU.S. refused to join the World CourtDawes Plan – U.S. make loans to
Germany to pay reparation to Britain and France
Britain and France repay debts to U.S. After crash of 1929, Germany stopped
reparation payments, and Britain and France stopped paying the U.S.
After World War II, the U.S. would be more flexible
Social and Cultural Social and Cultural TensionsTensions
Section 3Section 3How did Americans differ on major social and cultural issues?
Vocabulary: -modernism Ku Klux Klan -fundamentalismProhibition -Scopes Trial Volstead
Act -18th AmendmentClarence Darrow -quota system bootlegger
Social and Cultural Tensions
Traditionalism and Modernism Clash Main Idea: In 1920 a noticeable divide appeared between urban and rural areas in the United States, as modern views spread in cities.
Restricting Immigration
Main Idea: Quota laws were passed limiting the number of immigrants who could enter the United States.
The New Ku Klux Klan
Main Idea: The Ku Klux Klan was revived, showing the anger some felt at the new shape America was taking. In addition to showing hatred to African Americans, it now also targeted Jews, Catholics, and immigrants.
Prohibition and Crime
Main Idea: Americans were divided over the Eighteenth Amendment, which made it illegal to manufacture or sell alcohol anywhere in the country, and many people continued to buy and sell alcohol.
Continued…
Traditionalism and Traditionalism and ModernismModernism
More Americans in urban areasUrban Americans open to social
change and science – modernismRural Americans – more
traditional view of religion, science, and culture
EducationReligious fundamentalism (Bible
as literal truth)Clash over evolution
Science vs. Religion Science vs. Religion DebateDebate
Darwin’s Origin of Species
Biblical CreationJohn T. ScopesACLU – Clarence
Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryant
Arguments?
NativismNativismrefers to a widespread attitude in a
society of a rejection of alien persons or culture
◦Believed immigrants could not be fully loyal to the US
◦Did not like Jews, Catholics, or Orthodox Christians
◦City problems (slums,corruption) were blamed on the immigrants
◦Immigrants meant competition for jobs◦Believed they carried dangerous political
ideas Socialism, Anarchy, etc. Most of them came from very politically unstable
countries
National Origins ActNational Origins Act
Number of immigrants of a given nationality each year could not exceed 2 percent of the number of people of that nationality living in the U.S. in 1890
America had closed its “golden door”
Rising Rising IntoleranceIntolerance
Nationwide Racial Discrimination◦ Yellow Peril◦ African Americans in
the North◦ Anti Semitic business
practices◦ Mexicans
The New Ku Klux Klan◦ White, Protestant,
native born, Americans◦ Hiram Wesley Evans –
Imperial Wizard◦ Over 4 million member
in 1924KKK Violence
ProhibitionProhibition
18th AmendmentVolstead Act –
enforced the amendment
Stills, bootleggers
Organized crimeAl Capone
A New Mass CultureA New Mass CultureSection 4Section 4
How did the new mass culture reflect technological and social changes?
Vocabulary: -Charlie Chaplin Sigmund Freud -The Jazz Singer “Lost
Generation” -Babe Ruth F. Scott
Fitzgerald -Charles Lindbergh Ernest
Hemingway
A New Mass Culture
New Trends in Popular Culture
Main Idea: With more free time, Americans turned to movies, radio, and the phonograph as entertainment, creating a mass popular culture for the first time.
An Age of Heroes
Main Idea: Newspapers and radios allowed athletes and other figures of the time to become heroes to the American public.
Women Assume New Roles
Main Idea: Women’s roles changed as they were given more social and political opportunities.
Modernism in Art and Literature
Main Idea: After World War I, writers and artists developed new styles and ideas that appeared in their works.
New Trends in Popular New Trends in Popular CultureCultureMore Leisure
Time -Work week
decreasedMovies -Silent films:
Charlie Chaplin -”Talkies”:
The Jazz SingerRadio,
phonograph
Mass MediaMass MediaNewspapers
◦ Between 1920 and 1930circulation rose from 27.8 million to almost 40 million
Motion Pictures◦ Moviemaking became the 4th
largest business in the country
◦ 1922 40 million viewers per week, 1930, 90 million per week
Radio◦ NBC◦ Medium for the masses◦ United the country…Why?
American American HeroesHeroesLucky LindyAmelia EarhartJack DempseyBabe Ruth and
Lou GehrigGertrude EderleHelen Wills
The Harlem Renaissance
A New “Black Consciousness”
Main Idea: To deal with the racial problems African Americans continued to face, Marcus Garvey started a movement for black nationalism.
The Jazz Age
Main Idea: Jazz, a hybrid of African American and European music forms, originated in the South and spread quickly across the country, becoming a symbol of the twenties.
The Harlem Renaissance
Main Idea: African American writers and artists expressed racial and cultural views, leaving a lasting impact on how all Americans viewed African Americans.
The Flapper and Changes for The Flapper and Changes for WomenWomenStyle
◦ “bobbed” their Hair◦ Wore makeup and
shorter dresses◦ Smoked and drank in
public
Work and Politics◦ Women moved into
office, sales, and professional jobs
◦ Voted in local and national elections
◦ Elected to political office
Charles LindberghCharles LindberghMay 1927, Lindbergh took off from Long Island, New York
Spirit of St. LouisIn 33 hours, he landed in Paris
Lone Eagle
Modernism in Art and Modernism in Art and LiteratureLiteratureAbstract styles in artLiterature: “Lost Generation”
The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem RenaissanceSection 5Section 5
How did African Americans express a new sense of hope and pride?
Vocabulary: -Marcus Garvey Claude McKay
-jazz Louis Armstrong -Langston Hughes Bessie Smith -Zora Neale Hurston -Harlem Renaissance
Marcus Garvey and Black Marcus Garvey and Black PridePrideAlternative solutions to
accepting white supremacy“the first man to give
millions of Negroes a sense of dignity and destiny” MLK
Black PridePublished the Negro WorldBlack Eagle Flying CorpsEmpower blacks worldwide
toward economic, religious, psychological, and cultural independence
Believed in racial separatism
The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age
Jazz Clubs Music emerged from New
Orleans ◦ 500 clubs in Harlem
alone◦ Cotton Club, Connie’s
Inn, The Saratoga Club◦ Jelly Roll Morton Band,
Louis Armstrong (Satchmo), Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith
Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance
African American Literary awakening
Langston HughesZora Neale Hurston