EGVIA 2014

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Standardization and testing of powertrain components

Van den Bossche Peter

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

IEC TC69

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

EV Standardization Landscape

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Connective InterfacesIEC 62196(SC23h)

Fixed installationsIEC 60364 (TC64)

EV electrical aspects(if not charging)ISO 6469 (TC22 SC21)(when charging)ISO 17409 (TC22 SC21)

Data transfer ISO/IEC 15118 (JWG)

Battery cells IEC 62660 (TC21)Battery assemblyISO 12405 (TC22SC21)

Charging interfaceIEC 61851 (TC69)

AssembliesIEC 61439-7(TC17D)

Wireless charging interfaceIEC 61980 (TC69)

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

The House of Standardization

STANDARDSSA

FETY

CO

MPA

TIBLI

TY

PERFO

RM

AN

CE

3PERFO

RM

AN

CE

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

ISO versus IEC

•Cultural differences

–Automotive sector

–Electrotechnical sector

•Division of labour

ISO TC22 SC21 IEC TC69

Aspects related to the electric vehicle as a whole

Aspects related to electrical components and electric supply infrastructure

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Vehicle performance standards

•ISO 8714:2002 Energy consumption and range for battery-electric vehicles

–Based on regional test cycles

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EU

USA

Japan

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Vehicle performance standards

•ISO 23274 Hybrid-electric road vehicles - Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements

–Part 1 Non externally chargeable vehicles (2013 Ed.2)

–Part 2 External chargeable vehicles (2012 Ed.1)

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Drivetrain Component Standards

•Extensive standardization for industrial traction motors (IEC 60349)

•No demand from automotive industry !

•No tradition in automotor standardization

• IEC TC69 WG2 disbanded

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• ISO: Vehicle-centric

–Battery system

–ISO 12405 family

• IEC: Battery-centric

–Battery cells

–IEC 62660 family

–IEC 61982

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RESS standards

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Battery system

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Bus

in

out

Battery SystemBattery

ControlUnit

LVConnections

HVConnectionsHV Electric

CircuitContactors,

Fuse,Wiring

ServiceDisconnect

(optional) Cell - Electronics

Normal use Impact Case

Cooling Device & Connections

Cell / Module

AssemblyCells,

Sensors,Cooling

equipment

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Battery technologies

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Ragone chart (cell level)

Spec

ific

pow

er (W

/kg)

Specific energy (Wh/kg)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

100000

10000

1000

100

10

1

Lead-acid

Supercapacitor

NiCdNiMH

NaNiCl

Li-PolymerLi-Ion

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Battery performance

•Energy performance (Wh)

–Capacity test

–Test cycle reflecting actual use

–Battery-electric versus hybrid

•Power performance (W)

–Peak power

–Internal resistance

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EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Battery-electric capacity

•IEC 62660-1 and ISO 12405-2

12

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480

Time [s]

RatioofPm

ax[%]

charge

discharge

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Hybrid capacity

•IEC 62660-1 and ISO 12405-1

•Charge-rich or discharge-rich microcycles

•State of charge evolution

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-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Δ

Curr

ent (

C)

Time (s)

discharge

charge

SOC

t

discharge rich charge rich

80%

30%

0 1h 2h 3h

EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Power test

•For BEV and HEV applications

10s 1/3 It

10s 1/3 It

10s 1 It

10s 1 It

10s 2 It

10s 2 It

10s 5 It

10s 5 It

10s Imax

10s Imax

Time

Brake

Current (A)

Rest time

Discharge (+)

Charge (-)

10s 1/3 It

10s 1/3 It

10s 1 It

10s 1 It

10s 5 It

10s 5 It

10s 10 It

10s 10 It

10s Imax

10s Imax

Time

Brake

Current (A)

Rest time

Discharge (+)

Charge (-)

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EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Other RESS

•Electric double-layer capacitors: IEC 62576

•New components: hybrid capacitors

–New standards needed?

•New applications: second-life

–Test cycles for stationary applications

–State of health determination

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Conclusions

•Performance test standards essential for assessment of vehicles and components

•Need for accurate test cycles

•Response to new developments

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EGVIA 2014 Van den Bossche P.

Thank you!

•pvdbos@vub.ac.be

•mobi.vub.ac.be

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