Standard Precautions: Who, What, When, Where, & Why
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Transcript of Standard Precautions: Who, What, When, Where, & Why
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Illinois CTECurriculum Revitalization InitiativeHealth Science and Technology
Standard Precautions:Who, What, When, Where, & Why
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Do you know how to protect yourself and others from infection?
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Do you know what to do if you come in contact with blood?
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Two Types of Isolation Precautions These are precautions that prevent the
spread of contagious or communicable diseases diseases caused by pathogens that spread
easily Include standard precautions and
transmission-based precautions.
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Standard Precautions
Rules developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Every body fluid must be considered a potentially infectious material, and all patients must be considered potential sources of infection, regardless of their disease or diagnosis.
Standard precautions must be observed while working with all patients because health care providers may contact blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions such as mucus, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, feces, vomitus, amniotic fluid, semen, and vaginal secretions; mucous membranes; and non-intact skin.
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Blood
The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal, carrying nourishment and oxygen to, and bringing waste products from, all parts of the body
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Mucus
A viscid, slippery secretion that is usually rich in mucins and is produced by mucous membranes, which it moistens and protects
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Sputum
The matter discharged from the air passages in diseases of the lungs, bronchi, or upper respiratory tract; it contains mucus and often pus, blood, fibrin, or bacterial products
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Saliva
A slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (such as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches
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Cerebrospinal fluid
A liquid comparable to serum but contains less dissolved material that is secreted from the blood into the lateral ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles to the spaces between the meninges about the brain and spinal cord, and is resorbed into the blood through the subarachnoid sinuses; it serves chiefly to maintain uniform pressure within the brain and spinal cord (also called spinal fluid or CSF)
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Urine
Waste material that is secreted by the kidney, is rich in end products (such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine) of protein metabolism together with salts and pigments, and forms a clear amber and usually slightly acidic fluid
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Feces
Bodily waste discharged through the anus
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Vomitus
Stomach contents disgorged through the mouth (also called vomit)
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Amniotic Fluid
The serous fluid in which the embryo and fetus is suspended within the amnion
www.scienceclarified.com
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Semen
A viscid, whitish fluid of the male reproductive tract consisting of spermatozoa suspended in secretions of accessory glands (such as the prostate and Cowper’s glands)
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Vaginal Secretions
The process of segregating, elaborating, and releasing some material either functionally specialized or isolated for excretion from the vagina
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Non-intact Skin
Skin with open breaks
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Interstitial fluid
Liquid that fills the space between most of the cells of the body
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Pleural fluid
Liquid that surrounds the lungs
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The clothing or equipment worn
by an employee for protection against a hazard
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Airborne
Particles that float in the air
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Droplet
A small drop of fluid
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Contact Precautions
Rules that must be followed for any patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct or indirect contact
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Health care facility’s infection control program Immunization of health care workers Training of health care personnel Policies and procedures for device- and procedure-
oriented services Reporting and tracking of the transmission of disease by
the CDC Provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) such
as gloves, gowns, lab coats, masks, and face shields in appropriate sizes and in accessible locations
Prevention of the Transmission of Disease
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Prevention of the Transmission of Disease Provision of adequate hand-washing facilities and
supplies Identification of jobs with high-risk exposure Provision of medical care and evaluation for any
employee who has an exposure incident Provision of appropriate waste and disposal containers
and guidelines for disposal Enforcement of rules of no eating, drinking, smoking,
applying cosmetics or lip balms, handling contact lenses, and mouth-pipetting or suctioning in any area that can be potentially contaminated.