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Stairs

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Objectives Be able to calculate size needed for a staircase Apply staircase calculation to own stairs Identify types of staircase designs Gain knowledge of general size information

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Stairway Series of steps with or without landings or platforms which is installed between two or more floors of a building Provides easy access to various levels All styles of homes have stairs except ________? Ranch Design

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Main stairs vs. service stairs Main stairs Generally prefabricated parts and are of a much better quality than the service stairs Typically made from hardwoods (oak, maple, birch) Service stairs Typically constructed on site of Douglas fir or pine (construction lumber)

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Seven types of stairs Straight run L stairs Double-L stairs U stairs Winder stairs Spiral stairs (Circular stairs)

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Straight run stairs No turns Not as expensive as other types to construct Require a longer open space

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L stairs One landing at some point along the flight of steps long L Used when there is not enough space for straight run

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Double L stairs Two 90 degree turns along the flight Typically not used in residential construction Expensive and break up the floor plan

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U stairs Wide or narrow U Two flights of steps parallel to each other Landing between the two flights of steps

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Winder stairs Pie shaped steps Width of the triangular/pie shaped steps? Sufficient at midpoint Not as safe as other stairs

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Spiral stairs Gaining in popularity Used where little space is available Most are made from steel and welded together Not very safe

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Circular stairs Custom made Trapezoid shaped steps Large homes. Probably too big for your two-story houses

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Terminology Open Stairs-stairs that have no wall on one or both sides Enclosed stairs-have a wall on both sides (housed or box stairs)

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Terminology Landing-floor area at either end of stairs and possibly in between

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Terminology Rail (handrail)- Designed to be grasped by the hand. They are supported by posts or fixed directly to a wall. Baluster- Vertical member that supports the handrail.

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Terminology Newel-main posts of the handrail at the top, bottom or points in between where stairs change directions

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Newel Handrail

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Terminology Stringer (string er)- structural member that supports the treads and risers Two are usually sufficient. But if width exceeds 3 feet, a third stringer is needed Housed/ closed stringer Plain stinger

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Plain Stringers Made from fir Risers and treads nailed directly to the stringer Service stairs, main stairs if they are carpeted Sturdy Squeaky and do not have a finished appearance Risers are 1in and treads are typically 2in

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Housed Stringers Made from finished lumber Generally precut or preassembled Stringer is routed to hold the treads and risers Wedges are driven in to hold in place Glued and nailed in place

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Terminology Nosing-rounded projection of the tread that extends past the riser

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Terminology Tread- horizontal member of each step. Usually 1 thick. Either 10(most popular) or 11 deep Run-the distance from the face of one riser to the face of the next Total Run-total horizontal length of the stairs 10-1/2

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Terminology Riser-vertical face of a step. Usually thick, between 7 and 7 5/8 high Rise-distance from the top of one tread to the same position on the next tread Total Rise-total floor-to-floor height 7 7 5/8

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Terminology Headroom-shortest clear vertical distance between the nosing on the treads and the ceiling (6-8 minimum) 6-8 min.

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Rules Stairs should be minimum 3-0 wide (traffic circulation rule) The slope of the stairs (rise-run ratio) should be between 30 and 35 deg The sum of two risers and one tread should equal approximately 25 in The product of the riser height multiplied by the tread width should equal appox. 75in The sum of one riser and one tread should be 17-18 inches

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Procedures What is your Ceiling Height of your first floor? (Standard ceiling height: 8 - 12) _________ Add together: finished floor to finished ceiling (Ceiling Ht.) ________ thickness of ceiling material (drywall).5 width of floor joists (2 x 10)9.5 thickness of subfloor (.5 plywood).5 thickness of finished floor.75 Total Rise = ________ Ceiling Height Example Problem: 10-0 10-11

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Procedures Convert Total Rise from feet to inches. [ _________ x 12 ] + _________ = __________ Divide Total Rise (inches) by 7 (min. riser height) to find the total number of risers for your stairs. _________ 7 = __________ # of feet leftover inchesTotal Rise (inches) # of Risers 1011 131.25 18.75

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Procedures If your Total Riser # is a decimal, plug the whole number into the equation below, WITHOUT the decimal part: Example: If the Total Riser # is 22.18, plug in 22 _________ _________ = __________ The numbers below would allow you to draw elevations How many Risers do your stairs have? ________ What is the Height of Each Riser? ________ Total Rise inches Height of Each Riser (inches) # of Risers (w/out decimal) 131.25187.29 18 7.29

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Procedures Calculate Total Run _________ x [_________ - 1] = __________ Convert Total Rise and Total Run back into Inches. _________ 12 = __________ (For Elevations) _________ 12 = __________ (For Floor Plans) Tread Depth Total Run # of Risers ***THERE IS ALWAYS ONE LESS TREAD THAN RISER Total Rise (in)Total Rise (ft/in) Total Run (in)Total Run (ft/in) 10.518178.5 131.25approx. 10-11 178.5 approx. 14-10

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Neat-looking Stairs

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