Stairs and Staircases STAIRS AND STAIRCASES TYPES

7/29/2019 Stairs and Staircases STAIRS AND STAIRCASES TYPES

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By

ANMOL GARG

(Lect. Govt. Polytechnic College, Bathinda)

9914410599

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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STAIRS AND STAIRCASES

-In every building, some arrangement should be made

to provide access to its different floors and roof.

-These levels are connected for communication by

any of the following methods:

1> Ladders

2> Steps-stair

3> Escalators

4> Lifts

5> Ramps and chutes

6> Trolley-rope ways


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Stairs and Stair case: A series of steps which

provides access from one floor to another is called a

stair, and the part of the building accommodating the

stair is known as Stair Case.

> A Stairmay be constructed with steps either rising

continuously or with a break in the form of landing inbetween.

> All the steps should be so designed and

constructed that up and down movement can be

made with ease, comfort, quickness and safety.

> The Stairs can be of any suitable material.


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> Classification of stairs acc. to material used

> WOODEN STAIRS

> STONE STAIRS

> METAL STAIRS

> R.C.C. STAIRS

> BRICK STAIRS


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Wooden Stairs: It consists of wooden members!

> It also consists of various members such as:

Strings or Stringers, Treads, Risers and Nosing.

> Treads and Risers are jointed by tongued and

grooved joints, which are further housed in or fixed to

the strings to form steps of a flight


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> Nosing projection should be 15 mm and not more

than the thickness of the tread in any case

> The Scota or other ornamental mouldings can beprovided under the projection of nosing


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Stone Stairs: The Stairs constructed of specially


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Stone Stairs: The Stairs constructed of specially

dressed Stone Blocks or Slabs are called Stone

Stairs

> These are more Durable, Hard, Fire-Resistant and

Simple in construction

> They are not liable to Decay

> They are commonly used as External Stairs leadingfrom the Ground level to the Entrance of a building at

Ground floor

> They are also used as approaches to Basement,Heating Chambers etc.

> They are formally used in Commercial and Public

buildings


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Metal Stairs: The Stairs having different members

made of Steel or Cast Iron are known as Metal Stairs

> In these Stairs, The Strings are usually in the form

of Steel Channels or Plates

> The Treads consist of Checkered or Steel Plate,Concrete or Stone Slabs, fixed at their ends to the

Strings by means of Angle Iron by Rivets or Welding

> These Steps are suitable where rough Wear andTear and Fire-proof qualities are required like

Factories, Godowns etc.


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The Treads of Metal Stair can be constructed of:

1) Metal Stair with Checkered Plate or Conc. Slab:> It consists ofSteel Strings of Channels or

Troughs with Checkered Plate Treads as shown:

2) Metal Stair with Steel Plate & Stone Slab Treads

> In this, the Treads are ofSteel Plates

> The Stone and Marble Treads can also be usedas shown:


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3) Metal Stair with Concrete Steps: In this Stair, the

Stringers are ofSteel and Steps constructed of

Concrete as shown:

> The Steps are finished with Metal Nosing


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4) Spiral Stair: The Metal Stair consisting of a centralpipe Newel fixed with C.I. Steps around it in a Spiral

form is known as Spiral Stairas shown:

> The Treads are of Checkered Plate Treads forsafety and can be ofPrecast or Cast-in-situ Treads

> Used on Terraces, small Space and Lesser Traffic


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Concrete Stairs: The Stairs constructed of Cement

Concrete, Plain or Reinforced, are called ConcreteStairs

Concrete Stairs are of two following types

1) Plain Concrete Stairs

2) R.C.C. Stairs


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1) Plain Concrete Stairs: The Concrete Stairs

constructed of Precast Concrete blocks or Cast-in-situ

Cement Concrete without using Reinforcement areknown as Plain Concrete Stairs

> TheStepsare mostly of Spandril type and aresupported as in case of Stone Stairs

> These Stairs are constructed in place of Stone

Stairs and are mainly used at entrances to thebuildings these days

2) R C C Stairs: The Stairs constructed of


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2) R.C.C. Stairs: The Stairs constructed of

Reinforced Cement Concrete are known as R.C.C.

Stairs

> The Steps are usually finished with Non-slippery

material as Tiles, Terrazzo, Marble or other finish for

pleasing appearance

> For this, checkered grooves may be provided on it

> The nosing is prevented to damage by fixing Brass,Iron castings or by embedding G.I. pipe at the nosing

or paving the treads with Flag Stones as shown:


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> Balusters are fixed into holes in treads by


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embedding them in Rich Cement Mortar

The Advantages of R C C Stairs are:


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The Advantages of R.C.C. Stairs are:

> Easy to construct into any geometrical shape

> More durable, Fire-resistant and less noisy

> Require comparatively thin sections> With suitable finish, provides pleasing appearance

> Easy to wash and clean so provide better sanitation

> They can be built of any complicated design

The R.C.C. Stairs are further of Three types:

1) R.C.C. Slab and Beam type Stair2) R.C.C. cantilever type Stair

3) R.C.C. Slab type Stair

1) R.C.C. Slab and Beam Type Stair: The R.C.C.


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Stair in which Steps are designed to act as slab

between the Wall and a Stringer or between two

Stringers is known as R.C.C. Slab and Beam TypeStairas shown:

2) R.C.C. Cantilever Type Stair: The R.C.C. Stair in


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) yp

which steps are cantilevered from the wall is known

as R.C.C. Cantilever Type Stair

3) R.C.C. Slab Type Stair: The R.C.C. Stair in whichh fli ht i d i d d t t d I li d


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each flight is designed and constructed as Inclined

Slab is known as R.C.C. Slab Type Stair


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Brick Stairs: The Stairs constructed of brick masonry

are called Brick Stairs

> This type of Stair can be made either Solid or

provided with Arches to reduce the quantity of

brickwork as shown:> The Treads of such Stairs are generally kept 1-1/2

brick in width and rise= two layers of bricks


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THANK YOU


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THANK YOU

????

ANMOL GARG9914410599

[email protected]

Stairs and Staircases STAIRS AND STAIRCASES TYPES

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