COLUMBUSSTAINLESS

Southern Africas producer of stainless steel is bringing exciting new products into the market

CONSUMPTIONRECOVERSStockists are optimistic as the end of the recession seems to be in sight

September 2010

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CONTENTSSeptember 2010

September 2010 1

STATE OF THE INDUSTRY

REGULARS

ADVERTS

PROFILES

3 Perspective A message from Sassdas Chairman, Sampie Van Rooyen22 Q&A Welding questions with Damian J Kotecki26 Industry News News and events from companies in the industry30 Sassda News News and events from the association32 Personality Profile We talk to Columbuss Charles Cammell

12 Euro Steel Natal The Durban stockist celebrates its 10th birthday14 Columbus Stainless The company strives to provide excellent service24 Macsteel VRN Stainless The stockist is committed to local conversion of product

Columbus StainlessCronimetEuro Steel NatalFischerKulungile Metals GroupMacsteel VRNNDERimex

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Consumption

African growth revives lackluster stainless steel figures, according to latest market statsDemand

Demand for stainless steel is still subdued due to the recession, says Afrox Solar Tanks

Kwikot is providing a solar water heating system solution for the low-income market

Certification

Sassda programme facilitates ISO certification for small- and medium-sized businessesLean Duplex

Columbus duplex range provides an alternative to conventional austenitic stainless steelTraining

The FoodBev Seta Programme has proven to be a major success

PERSPECTIVESeptember 2010

September 2010 3

Publisher Maverick MarketingEditor Melissa Rowlston Tel: 011 483 0941 melissar@polka.co.zaSales Dalya Ketz dalsrab@hotmail.comPhotographs Marc Rowlston marc@pulpfilms.co.zaPrinters Goldfields Press Tel: 011 627 7740 Fax: 011 627 7741

Letters, comments and subscription requests to melissar@polka.co.za

SASSDAActing Executive Director Bernard MaguireMarketing and Communications Yumna EmeranEnterprise Develpment Specialist Janelle GravettMarket Intelligence Lesley MortimerMechanical Service Diego SellaRegulatory Relations Mayleen KysterExternal Relations Martin NelSassda W Cape Michel Basson

Tel: 0861 SASSDA (727732) Fax: 086 639 4280

e-mail: info@sassda.co.zawww.sassda.co.za

Stainless Steel is published every second month and is distributed to stockists, distributors, fabrica-tors, specifiers, consulting engineers, architects, mining, petrochemical and chemical industries, food beverage and pharmaceutical industries,

consumer outlets, end-users, educational institutes and provincial and government departments. Neither Maverick Marketing nor Sassda are

responsible for any of the opinions expressed by individuals. The circulation is 3 500.

The past two years have been difficult for the stainless steel industry. The recession has hit all businesses and Sassda, as a non-profit association, was not excluded. In times of trouble it is normal for a company to look at imple-menting changes to make sure that it can sustain its business. With Sassda it was no different. The Board started brainstorming ideas to see what would be best for the organisation. Once these issues were identified, they would then have been brought up for approval at a members meeting.

The board evaluated the association to identify priority areas that required support and were of real value to members. Any changes identified would then go through member approval prior to adoption. Included in this was the boards review of the mechanisms for levy collection and the current funding structure of the association and whether these were in line with changing legislation and best practice. It was unfortunate that during this review and prior to any agreement, rumours spread regarding these changes. These rumours proved to be disruptive with further damage by manage-ments failure to deal with the issues appropriately. As a result of a small group of members expressing their concern, the board decided to implement management changes and reinstated operations of Sassda that were previously aban-doned. Sassda now continues to operate as it has for the past number of years. Main committee meetings have been re-instituted and some sector meetings will continue to take place on a regular basis. We encourage all members of the association to become involved on a more regular basis and welcome greater participa-tion from everyone. Sassda remains committed to its purpose which is to increase conversion of stainless steel in South Africa. The Board will continue to review the best practices to ensure Sassda is not only sustainable but able to focus on imple-menting sound strategic direction and communication with all of its stakeholders.

Sampie Van Rooyen Sassda Chairman

focus onCONSUMPTION

September 2010 5

After a lacklustre period for stainless steel in the year to end 2009, the Southern Africa Stainless Steel Development Association (Sass-da) and the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) have forecast a revival following renewed interest in African projects and a re-covery in consumer confidence. Apparent consumption of domestic stainless steel fell 32% from 2008 to 2009 as a result of the worldwide recession ac-cording to figures released by Sassda. Significant downscaling in industries such as the global automotive industry, which fell 40%, consumption of luxury goods, such as washing machines and other consumer products, as well as major reductions in project related business were all negatively affected due to the pressure on consumer spending. However, the organisation believes total consumption to July 2010 should recover from this low base by about 25% to 29%. In the period 2007 to 2008, world crude stainless steel production dropped 7% and in the period 2008 to 2009, it fell a further 5%. The ISSF in May this year reported stainless steel produc-tion levels at just below 7.5 million tons during the first quarter of 2010, which is one of the highest recorded figures for the first three months of any given year. The South African market saw a significant recovery in February 2010; increasing month on month, due to renewed inter-est in local and African projects. Projects into Africa included mining exploration in the DRC, Ghana and Zambia after feasibility studies in the regions were suspended in 2008 and 2009 due to a lack of funding. Food and beverage processing equipment in Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya was also identified as a key driver for African growth. continued ...

African growth revivesstainless steel production

After a period of de-stocking, stainless steel suppliers are feeling more CONFIDENT in the industry and beginning to

rebuild their inventories, helping boost consumption figures

6 September 2010

In the local market fabricated exports look set to rise with renewed investment in the automotive sector, Transnet and Petro SA. While fabricated exports were down by nearly 30% in 2009, we are looking at an estimated growth in the sector of about 50% for 2010, says Sampie Van Rooyen, the chairman of Sassda. Finished product imports de-clined slightly in 2008/2009 and primary imports decreased. These are forecast to a net increase of about 20% for finished imported product from 2008 to 2010. The latest statistics reveal an in-crease in primary import of long prod-ucts, which are forecast to increase further for the 2009/2010 year. Flat product is forecast to rise substantially. Wire product, forecast to grow by more than 200%, will see renewed buoyancy predominantly due to its ex-port to Zimbabwe, possibly as a result of re-investment in game tourism in the country. The ISSF reports that a year-on-year comparison shows that produc-

tion in the first quarter of 2009 was the lowest in a decade as a result of the ef-fects of the global recession and heavy de-stocking. Subsequently market con-ditions improved, which may have en-couraged many fabricators and stainless steel stockists to replenish their stocks. In addition, the global economy began to recover in the second half of 2009 and manufacturing activity in stainless steel

sectors, such as automotives, has seen renewed activity. The ISSF expects the stainless industry, on a worldwide basis, to con-tinue to return to its normal production on a reasonable level over the following quarters of 2010 and 2011. For the full year, the ISSF expects between 11% and 12% rise in the volume of stainless steel production globally.

There is a substantial demand for stain-less steel in South Africa, but owing to the global economic crisis experienced over the past 18 months, this demand has been subdued, says gas and weld-ing equipment supplier Afroxs Kim Brightwell, business manager for weld-ing consumables. He says this has been espe-cially evident in the automotive sector where demand has dropped by up to 60%. When it comes to welding stainless steel, local supply is capable of meeting demand for covered elec-trodes for the more common grades, but local manufacturers need to import the more exotic grades as the volumes of these grades are relatively low, says Brightwell. Welding wire for stainless steel is a different story, as there is no local manufacturer and it is all import-ed. Demand for this wire is only about 1500 TPA and does not really justify the capital required to set up a manufactur-ing line in this country. Afrox is the leading sup-plier of welding consumables in southern Africa, covering the full range of welding consumables for the stainless steel industry and exporting these products to 17 African countries. It was the first African company to produce welding consumables from specialised stainless steel alloys and has maintained its position as the countrys largest manufacturer of stainless steel electrodes since production began at its special consumables factory in Spartan in 1968. While high volume products are manufactured at Afroxs state-of-the-art electrodes plant at Brits, outside Pretoria, the Spartan facility produces smaller vol-umes of specialised welding consuma-bles in 19 different grades of stainless steel electrode, with approximately five different diameters for each product.

The factory, formerly owned by Oerlikon Electrodes, has the capacity to produce about 120 tons a month of all types of electrode. The specialised manufacturing process is accredited to ISO 9000 and ISO 14000, with the main grades of stainless steel 308L, 309L and 316L carrying TV approval. Afrox has an exclusive tech-

nology agreement with Oerlikon which allows it to manufacture many of their products under license. Oerlikon is a global pre-mium brand of welding consumables for applications ranging from mild steel to highly specialised material such as creep re-sistant, stainless and nickel based consumables.

Local demand for stainless

focus onDEMAND

subdued after economic crisis - Afrox

September 2010 7

Kwikot is responding to South Africas need for alternative energy solutions with the introduction of its solar water tanks for the low income market. The tanks are 110 litre, low pressure, stainless steel geysers. Herman Weber, the technical director at Kwikot, says: The geysers are perfect for low income and rural areas. No electricity or high pressure plumbing needs to be installed for them to work. The solar tanks are made from grade 304 stainless steel; providing a cheap solution to alternative energy in South Africa. Kwikot is currently the only local supplier and manufacturer of low pres-sure solar tanks, a market previously ca-

tered to by imported product. With the government committed to installing 1 mil-lion solar water heaters by 2014, there is clearly a market for local producers. The Department of Energy re-cently launched its Market Sounding Exercise, which aims to ascertain the market capacity and capability for ser-vices such as the provision of solar water heater systems, installation and mainte-nance of solar water heater systems and measurement and verification of savings realised. In addition, the Department of Energy, through its Standard Offer Pro-gramme will incentivise solar water heat-er installers for every kWh of electricity saved. The suggested rebate of 54c/kWh would be paid to the solar water heater installer.

The rebate on introducing solar tanks ranges from between R2 000 and R12 000. The rebate on Kwikots 110 litre low pressure geyser is R4 240 off an installed cost of about R5 000, which makes the product the most cost effective solution for the low income market. After other subsidies and cardon credits are factored in, the system ultimately ends up costing the consumer nothing, says Weber. The Stainless Steel Solar Water Heating System Conference, which took place in February this year, created the perfect platform for Kwikot to pursue its in-terests with the right partners. The confer-ence, which included associations, local industry companies, parastatals and the government, was initiated by Sassda to

Kwikot provides solarsolutions for low cost housing

focus onSOLAR TANKS

8 September 2010

September 2010 9

promote local capability and capacity for stainless steel solar water heater systems. At the beginning of manufacture this year, Kwikot installed a pilot produc-tion line that produces seventy 110 litre low pressure solar water heaters a day and the company has committed to the local production of 105 tons of stainless steel solar water tanks over the next five months. By the end of September the production line will have been expand-ed to produce 200 units a day. A fur-ther R15 million line is on order, which will boost capacity to 1 000 units per day. This line will be operational by July 2011, says Weber. The government is committed to the national implementation of solar

water geysers and Kwikot is perfectly situated to provide local product to this market. The current project in Nelson Mandela Bay is one such example of the installation of Kwikots geysers through a government initiative partnered with Tasol Solar. The initiative provides free solar systems for community upliftment and carbon credits. Kwikots announcement of in-creased production comes shortly after Sassda submitted an amendment to SANS 151, the specification for gey-sers. This amendment requested the in-clusion of stainless steel as a material in the production of solar water tanks, essentially opening up the rest of the mar-ket for local production. Kwikot is well positioned to

embark on a delivery of this nature and as the stainless steel association we look forward to further supporting our mem-bers through various training and skills development initiatives, says Sampie Van Rooyen, Sassdas chairman. Local manufacturing was losing out to imported products, says Van Rooy-en. The latest import statistics revealed that over a two year period, 2008 to end 2009, just over 12 570 tons were imported. Kwikot, a market leader in do-mestic and industrial hot water storage systems, started producing the solar tanks at the beginning of the year. It has been a major supplier of traditional ce-ramic, carbon steel lined geysers for the past 100 years.

Solar tank installers can recoup the costs of installation through the Department of Energy

Energy Engineered Products and Multi Alloys were ISO 9000 certified in December last year with the help of Sassdas new company certification scheme. The scheme was launched in October 2008 and originally intend-ed to provide members without ISO 9000 certification with basic quality management system awareness and an understanding of the underlying phi-losophy. The proposed scheme was not intended as a quality management sys-tem certification, but rather an informal recognition of the participants capabil-ity and competence in the application of best practices and a high code of eth-ics in the supply; design; specification; construction; and installation of stainless steel products. There was little interest in the scheme by fabricator sector members because many of them already have, or are in the process of obtaining, ISO 9000 certification, while others held valid international certifications such as ISO 3834; the PED Certification; ASME Stamping; etc. Sassda developed a specific programme, aimed at small and me-dium enterprises (SMEs), particularly the stockist and distributor sector, which in-tends to assist companies by providing a stepping-stone to formal ISO 9000 certification. Sassda aided Multi Alloys and Energy Engineered Products with their certification through a mini-audit, which reviewed the status of the existing sys-tem. It transpired that both companies were in the process of obtaining the ISO 9000 series certification. The formal Sassda findings were addressed ahead of the formal ISO audit. The end result was a successful ISO 9000 certification for both companies.

focus onCERTIFICATION

The United Nations Industrial Develop-ment Organisation (UNIDO) has made steady progress into benchmarking the South African stainless steel industry, through its Subcontracting and Partner-ship Exchanges Programme (SPX). UNIDO entered South Africa through a bi-lateral partnership agree-ment with the Department of Trade and Industry in 2007 and has the objective of reducing poverty through sustainable industrial growth. The SPX project is an initia-tive that facilitates sustainable linkages between industrial buyer networks and suppliers of locally manufactured prod-ucts, essentially expanding their market access globally. In addition it assists lo-cal suppliers with access to global sup-ply chains. The SPX Support Centre part-ners with key local industrial associa-tions, such as Sasda, to provide direct supplier benchmarking. The profiling of suppliers is placed in a database that specifies the local products manufac-tured and their capacity. This database is linked to the UNIDO international website and used to promote localisa-tion within procurement procedures at parastatals and other project tender processes. It provides UNIDO with an

understanding of what the South African Stainless Steel Industry has to offer. The expertise of the industry associations are used to benchmark suppliers to assesses and rate the quality of manufacturing and their capacities. A Supplier Devel-opment Support is put in place to link suppliers themselves to appropriate ser-vices, such as those that improve manu-facturing or management. Training of benchmarkers that will execute the program at various companies in the Western Cape, re-cently took place with the assistance of Productivity SA and the Western Cape Department of Economic Affairs and Tourism. Interested members will be prioritised in terms of the sectors that will be matched faster with SOE procurement.

Sassda facilitatesISO 9000 certificates for SMEs

10 September 2010

UNIDO benchmarks stainless industry

Sassda helped us prepare for the ISO audit, says Graham Whitty of Energy Engineered Products. The soft run outlined what we would face at the audit as well as identifying any areas of weakness. The feedback from Diego Sella at Sassda was ex-tremely helpful. I would definitely recommend that companies seeking their ISO 9000 series certification use this service at Sassda, says Whitty. Ken Perel of Multi Alloys ech-oed these sentiments: I would recom-mend this service. Sassda was able to offer tremendous industry knowledge with particular cognisance of SMEs. The benefits of ISO certifica-tion are immense. Energy Engineered

Products have passed a number of au-dits and been able to increase its cus-tomer base and new business thanks to the Sassda accreditation, says Whitty. The company has also been able to improve the efficiency of its processes, how it buys materials and how it oper-ates strategically. The benefits have also extend-ed to our staff, says Whitty. People enjoy working for a company that takes quality seriously. Prior to the launch, Sassda had investigated the mechanism for having the Sassda scheme accredited, but discovered that this was not possi-ble because the criteria against which the companies would be evaluated would have to be of a national or inter-

national standard. Sassda would have to be as-sessed and accredited by SANAS in terms of ISO 17021 as an accredita-tion/certification institution and the peo-ple involved in the actual evaluations and audits would have to hold recog-nised and valid accreditations. They also found that there is no existing national or international stand-ard that covered the rather modest crite-ria of the Sassda Company Certification Scheme. In fact the ISO 9000 series is inclusive of all existing international quality and safety related systems. If companies are interested in having Sassda assist them with their ISO certification, they can contact Diego Sella at Sassda on 0861 72 7732.

September 2010 11

ISO CERTIFICATION facilitation programme is directed at small- and medium-sized stockists and distributors

The Euro Steel group is just over 18 years old, however, Euro Steel Natal is celebrating its 10th year of trade be-ing exactly a decade old in August of this year. Even in volatile conditions the company is thriving and has gained the reputation of being the most com-prehensive supplier of stainless Steel in KwaZulu-Natal. A subsidiary of the Euro Steel group, the local operation has grown into the market leader with its focus on non-corrosive metals, namely stainless steel and aluminium, which are essen-tial in KZN as the climate is hostile to ferrous metals. Dave Wilson, Euro Steel direc-tor, says: Euro Steel has a unique style that differentiates us from our competi-tors. As world economies move into the information age and with the increasing commoditisation of products, we have recognised that we need to provide the best product offering in the market as a minimum requirement. With speed to market becoming a key success factor across industries, par-ticularly for Euro Steels customers, quality of product and service has become vital to achieve this. Customers increasingly require reliability from their suppliers and expect a quality management system to qualify for vendor accreditation. Euro Steels ISO status has giv-en the company opportunities to service new market sectors. The Euro Steel team are taking the Quality Management Sys-tem seriously. Says Wilson: We are making progress toward our goal of zero defect, if we can get there. We dont like it when we screw up. In 2006, after careful considera-tion, it was decided to consolidate the collection of companies referred to as the Euro Steel Group under one company. There were a number of reasons, not least being the need for a meaningful Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment

(BBBEE) partner. Other important drivers for the consolidation were economies of scale, unified purpose across the group and the development of a strong and recognis-able national brand. Euro Steel believes that as mar-ket leaders it has an obligation to be-come the leading agent for change and transformation. The new BBBEE partner, headed up by Dr Zolile Maqetuka of the Isitali consortium, has added consider-able synergy to the union, not least as a user of stainless steel. Importantly from the outset, Euro Steels BBBEE transaction was much more than the meeting of a legal requirement or a moral obligation. Maqetuka says: While em-powerment deals are a step in the right direction, they do not in themselves achieve the ultimate purpose of the coun-trys transformation objectives. What we need is a sustainable economy that meets all our citizens needs and expectations. Such an economy can only be achieved

if we utilise and develop people in all of our communities. Quite simply, societies characterised by inequalities and wealth disparities are not likely to be socially and politically stable. Considerable emphasis is be-ing placed on attracting skills and de-veloping people. Euro Steel has always recognised the importance of having the best people in the industry. It was largely due to the skills and expertise of the management team that the company has thrived and grown, says Wilson. I had anticipated a slower start when we opened KZN op-erations in August 2000. What I had not anticipated was the momentum you get when you kick off with the A Team. I attribute the success of the company largely to the skills and abili-ties of the current directors; Gavin Weyer and his team of Willy Naicker and Roy Moonilal, who had previously headed up Stalcor, the then market leader. Many in our industry claim and

Euro Steel Natalcelebrates 10 years in business

12 September 2010

companyPROFILE

September 2010 13

advertise their excellence in customer ser-vice and reliability, however, Euro Steels track record of growth and position has set us apart as the countrys pre-eminent service provider, largely due to the skills and experience of quality people we have been fortunate enough to have at-tracted. Given the backdrop of an ever shrinking skills pool this can make or break any business, says Wilson. Considerable emphasis is now being placed on developing human capital within the group, enabling em-ployees to build worthwhile careers. Wilson says: As transformation is about much more than ownership, the group has also focused on uplifting its own employees and their families. It is not sufficient to rely on a good manage-ment team. A company needs depth of talent and skills and this is likely to be our greatest challenge going forward. Against South Africas dire skills shortage Euro Steel is presently investing further resources into training and development of its people. Euro Steels range of products and services is extensive, including: stainless steel and aluminium flat prod-ucts such as plate sheet and coil, and long products such as angle, flat and round bar, wire, tubing, electrogalva-

nised sheet and coated metals. More re-cently the full range of pipe, pipe fittings and valves has been added. We are pretty much a one-stop shop and we are grateful for the quality

relationships and partnerships we have formed with our customers and our sup-ply chain. As in all businesses without our customers and suppliers we are nothing. From a procurement point of view, Euro Steels investment into value-added equipment and the service centre concept provides its customers with the ability to outsource some production. There is a point reached when we may be competing with our own cus-tomers and that is where we draw the line, says Wilson. We value our customers and want them to succeed. The manage-ment is confident in the future of Euro Steel and for South Africa as a whole. We are proud to have a strong customer and supply base evi-denced by the support we have re-ceived in this market. With solid busi-ness like these supporting us we are confident and optimistic about South Africas future, and will continue to in-vest and develop our people and busi-ness beyond 2010, he says. Colin Wilson, Euro Steels group chief executive officer, says: We believe that partnerships and joint ven-ture type relationships are the key to South Africa positioning itself as an ad-vanced manufacturing economy.

FOUNDERS OF THE A TEAM Euro Steel Natals directors (from left) Roy Moonilal, Dave Wilson, Willy Naicker and Gavin Weyer (seated)

THE KZN OFFICE is committed to providing the best service centre, with a zero defect goal

companyPROFILE

Columbus Stainless an aerial view of the Middelburg plant

September 2010 15

Columbus Stainless, a member of the Acerinox Group, is one of the worlds largest producers of stainless steel. With expanded production facilities over the past few years, it is the only fully integrated stainless steel plant in Africa and one of only two in the southern hemisphere. The Acerinox Groups Excellence Plan focuses on customer service, plant optimisation and working capital management. Every facet of the busi-ness is scutinised to ensure business improvement and competitiveness. The company mission at Columbus Stainless is to be a globally competitive and preferred supplier of stainless steel. The company therefore aligns its goals to this mission. Columbus Stainless continuously strives to improve competitiveness to meet the challenges that the local and international stainless steel industry faces. Like all other manufacturing sectors, the international stainless steel markets are equally affected by the weak and varied global economic situ-ation. De-stocking, as a result of the credit crisis, has resulted in volatile raw material prices, affecting normal supply and demand patterns. With significant new stainless steel production capacity in China, the worlds larg-est importer has become a net exporter. Charles Cammell, the senior commercial manager for the local industry at Columbus, says: Central to our strategy is to develop the local market, first in South Africa and then to the surrounding regions. The key to the success of Columbus will be the strength and long term viability of the South African domestic market. Our long term strategy as a company is to provide competitive products to South African fabricators to ensure we continue to grow local conversion of stainless steel and thereby sustain em-ployment in the manufacturing industry. South Africa is capable of supplying plant and equipment into the burgeoning mining and energy sectors in neighbouring countries and other developing areas on the continent. A large consumer group requiring do-mestic ware, food and beverage equipment and other stainless steel items is also expected to develop in the coming years. Although the current demand for stainless steel is under pressure, Columbus remains committed to its strategy while facing the industry chal-lenges. Selling product to end-user and project customers, building strong relationships with our distributors, continually looking at how we can strength-en South Africas position in the global stainless industry, developing the use of duplex and other new products and continued focus on value adding are our core focus areas, says Cammell.

Columbus producesstainless steel for Africa & the world

The company constantly strives to improve COMPETITIVENESS to meet the challenges

of the local and international industries

Columbus Stainless produced the first stainless steel coil on the new Sendzimer cold rolling mill, ZM4, in March 2009. The project, approved in January 2007, resulted in an investment project of R681 million and was completed within the forecasted project schedule. This second cold rolling expan-sion, since becoming part of the Acerinox

group in 2002, increased the Middelburg plants cold rolling capacity to 545 000 tons annually. This capacity increase com-plements the steel making capacity poten-tial of 1 million tons per annum. Civil construction commenced in February 2007 with the relocation of roads and environmental dams. In April 2007, the main civil and structural works

were started by Stefanutti & Bressan (now Stefanutti & Stocks). Cooling water and power utilities were expanded to supply the new equip-ment, and mill installation commenced in August 2008. The contract, signed with Japans Sojitz Corporation, was for the installation of a 1300mm wide cold roll-

16 September 2010

Columbus Stainless increases cold

September 2010 17

rolling capacity at Middelburg planting mill, which is specified for thin gauge bright anneal (BA) products. The mill has met all of its performance guarantees dur-ing a very successful commissioning and reached 5 000 tons per month in August 2009, only 5 months after the first coil. The mill is performing well and continuous improvements in productivity are evident. This places Columbus in a good

position for an upturn in demand with the ability to fully utilise the current available bright annealing capacity, servicing the needs of customers in South Africa and across the world. Charles Cammell, Columbus Stainlesss senior commercial manager for the local market comments: The invest-ment further enhances Columbuss ability

to meet the stringent quality requirements associated with BA products. We are now even better placed to meet the upturn in demand for BA products required for critical end-user markets. This capital investment once again reflects Acerinoxs continued con-fidence in Columbus Stainless and South Africa.

Lean duplex stainless steels are a subset of the duplex family and characterised by good corrosion resistance, high strength and reduced nickel content. They are leaner alloys than the conventional du-plex stainless steels such as the second generation 2205 and have less chro-mium, nickel and molybdenum and often have higher manganese contents. The term duplex refers to their mixed microstructure of about equal proportions of austenite and ferrite. This microstructure ensures that they are more resistant to stress corrosion cracking than conventional austenitic stainless steels such as 304L and 316L. Lean duplex stainless steels are currently experiencing significant market growth, which is being driven by increas-ing alloy costs and a need for improved corrosion resistance and strength when compared to conventional austenitics. Columbus Stainless has added two lean duplex grades to their product range, namely, UNS S32001 (2001) and UNS S32304 (2304). The chemi-cal compositions of these additional grades can be seen in table 1 below. The common austenitic grades 304L and 316L as well as the standard du-plex grade 2205, have been added for comparative purposes. The general corrosion resist-ance of 2001 and 2304 will be similar

Columbus offers newlean duplex range

Table 1: Chemical Composition

All values are maximum unless a range is indicated. The chemical composition requirements are according to both ASTM A240 and EN 10088-2

18 September 2010

focus onLEAN DUPLEX

168m3 ethanol receiver vessel in 2304/1.4362

to 304L and 316L respectively but the localised corrosion resistance will be bet-ter as indicated by the higher PRE numbers (a measure of pitting resistance in chlo-ride environments). 2001 can be seen as a substitute for 304L and 2304 as a substitute for 316L when considering chloride environments. The lean duplex stainless steels have approximately double the yield strength of the conventional austenitic grades and have good ductility and toughness. The fabrication of lean duplex stainless steels is different but not difficult and they can be successfully welded in thick gauges. Lean duplex stainless steels can provide a cost effective alternative to austenitics in many instances. Table 2 above shows the relative price range, based on historical data, as a percent-age, based on the cost per ton of the substituted conventional austenitic. The increased strength of the lean duplex stainless steels allows

down gauging, which depending on Youngs Modulus and buckling limita-tions, is typically between 15% and 40%. This weight (and thus cost) sav-ing, together with the price per ton dif-ference are presented in Table 2. Further benefits include greater price stability due to lower exposure to nickel price fluctuations, less welding and easier handling due to the reduction in mass. Lean duplexes are used exten-sively for process tanks and vessels, wa-ter tanks, food and wine storage tanks, industrial cookers, piping, structural ap-plications, reinforcing bar, roofing and solar heating water tanks. In South Af-rica, Zambia, the DRC and Namibia, lean duplexes are being used exten-sively in the mining industry for process tanks and cathode plates in hydrometal-lurgical and solvent extraction / elec-trowinning (SX/EW) plants. 2001 and 2304 lean duplexes are available from Columbus Stainless in

Table 2: Potential Savings when using Lean Duplex Stainless Steel

September 2010 19

1000l process tank in 2001/1.4482

2000l juice mixer in 2001/1.4482

2B cold rolled sheet and coil from 1 mm up to 3 mm gauges. They are available in No.1 finish in coil gauges from 4 mm to 6 mm and from 4 mm to 30 mm plate. It can be seen that duplex stainless steels can offer a cost effec-tive alternative to conventional austen-itic stainless steels such as 304L and 316L, by down gauging with result-ant cost savings. They can be used in applications where the conventional austenitics are susceptible to stress cor-rosion cracking and in applications which require more resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.

The FoodBev Seta may extend a memo-randum of understanding with Sassda for its highly successful apprentice pro-gramme that was initiated in 2008. Sassda and the FoodBev Seta entered into a Memorandum of Un-derstanding (MOU) in 2008 whereby Sassda member companies were able to place their employees on a 2-year ap-prenticeship programme that is funded by the FoodBev Seta. Apprentices in the programme must be in possession of a N2 certifi-cate. The programme is targeted at ap-prentices who may have completed all the theory related to the artisan trade, but have very little practical experience or alternatively have taken a trade test and not passed. If Sassda companies met the criteria, they were able to sign up their apprentices to take part in the Artisan Training Programme. The Sassda mem-ber companies were paid R60 000 per apprentice over the 2-year period. This grant was paid by the FoodBev SETA in 3-month tranches. An additional R12 000 was available to the company once the apprentice successfully passed their trade test. We are very pleased that some of our member companies took up this opportunity, says Sassdas En-terprise Development Specialist, Janelle Gravett. To date eight apprentices in both companies have gone through their training and are due to take their tests in the next 3 months. As a result of the success of this programme the FoodBev Seta has indicated that it would like to extend the MOU with Sassda for another two years. Sassda affiliated companies can benefit from the programme as they receive funding to pay for the appren-

tices practical training. As the appren-tice must already have their N2, there is no requirement for theory training. Companys also benefit by tak-ing on an apprentice as it allows a com-panys experienced artisans to focus on crucial jobs that have to be completed immediately, and gives the apprentice the opportunity to work on the non-priority jobs under guidance of an artisan. When the apprentice has com-

pleted all training and trade tests, the member company has the opportunity to employ the apprentice in a full-time capacity. The apprentice has previ-ously been on a fixed-term contract, with no cost to the company, and has learned all the required methods and processes. You now have a skilled and qualified artisan available to your company, says Gravett.

20 September 2010

Sassda companiesbenefit from artisan programme

focus onTRAINING

ARTISANS learn the on the job and may be employed permanently at a later stage

Q&Awelding

Question: I understand that a little ferrite in a nominally austenitic stainless steel weld is very helpful in preventing so-lidification cracking. But why are there two measures per-cent ferrite and Ferrite Num-ber? What is the difference? Does it matter which I specify?

Answer: You are quite correct that a little ferrite in a nominally austenitic stainless steel weld metal, such as 308L or 316L, is very helpful in preventing solidifica-tion cracking. So, of course, the various organizations involved in provision of a welding filler metal have a vested interest in how the ferrite requirements for a weld filler metal are specified. This has an im-portant bearing on whether or not a given lot of filler metal is accepted for use. At least by the time of World War II, the desirability of ferrite in nomi-nally austenitic stainless steel welds, as a means of preventing solidification cracking, was recognized. The ferrite was originally detected by metallo-graphic examination. The weld metal examined had to be cut into a specimen suitable for polishing, etched carefully to differentiate between ferrite and aus-tenite, and then some means of deter-mining the volume fraction of ferrite had to be applied. Most usually, this involved point counting, in which a grid of orthogonal intersecting lines would be overlaid on a photograph of the microstructure. Then the percent ferrite would be obtained as the number of grid intersection points falling on ferrite as a percentage of the total number of grid intersection points. The method of point counting to esti-mate volume percent of a given phase is defined in the ASTM E 562 standard. Manual point counting is laborious, but the job can be automated by using an image analyzing microscope, following the method of ASTM E 1245. A major drawback to point counting is that it is a destructive test

the weld metal actually sampled cant usually be the weldment put into ser-vice. A second major drawback is that point counting results are very sensitive to the quality of the etching of the sam-ple, and to interpretation of points fall-ing on boundaries between phases. Several laboratories might measure anywhere from 3% to 8% fer-rite on a single sample of weld metal. So it was difficult for several organiza-tions to agree that a specification like 5% to 10% ferrite was actually met. When they didnt agree, de-lays in construction resulted, while the disagreeing parties attempted to re-solve their differences. Besides etching appearance, ferrite has another property that allows it to be differentiated from austenite fer-rite is ferro-magnetic, while austenite is not. To a first approximation, the mag-netic properties of a ferrite/austenite mixture of weld metal are proportional to the ferrite content. There is also a compositional effect in general, ferrite that is higher in alloy content has a somewhat weak-er magnetic response than lower alloy ferrite, but this effect is not important in interpreting the measurements.) A mag-

netic scale for ferrite determination was developed by the Welding Research Council, and was published as the AWS A4.2 standard in 1974. The A4.2 standard has been updated several times since 1974, and the latest edition was published in 1997. The magnetic method has become an international standard, ISO 8249, which was first published in 1985, and was updated in 2000. ISO 8249 was adopted as AWS A4.2 in 2006. The magnetic scale describes its measurements in terms of Ferrite Numbers (FN), which were originally believed to numerically approximate percent ferrite. However, it is quite clear to-day that, at least at higher Ferrite Num-bers, the FN overstates the volume per-cent ferrite. From the point of view of whether or not a specification require-ment is met, the exact amount by which the FN overstates the percent ferrite is unimportant. Of primary importance is that the various parties in the supply and consumption chain for weld metal can reproduce the ferrite measurement results, so there is no disagreement about whether or not the specification was met. And, of course, links must be established between the specified ferrite range and acceptable weld properties. After more than 35 years of experience with Ferrite Numbers, the links between FN and properties are well established. Round robin studies of FN de-termination by the Welding Research Council, and by the International Insti-tute of Welding, for samples in the 5 to 10 FN range, demonstrated that the re-producibility among a number of meas-uring laboratories is better than plus or minus 1 FN. So the reproducibility of FN measurements is considerably bet-ter than that of percent ferrite determina-tions. In addition, FN measurement is non-destructive. That is, the actual weld-ment can be evaluated, rather than a pre-fabrication weld sample. Predicting diagrams for welds,

22 September 2010

with Damian J Kotecki

relating Ferrite Number to chemical composition, have been developed experimentally. The DeLong Diagram (Welding Journal, 52(7): 281-s to 297-s) of 1973 was updated by the Welding Research Council in 1988 (Welding Journal, 67(12): 289-s to 298-s), and again in 1992 (Welding Journal, 71(5): 171-s to 178-s). Today, the WRC-1992 Diagram is the official method of the ASME Code, for predict-ing FN when FN cannot be measured. But FN measurement is preferred to pre-diction from a Diagram. So, to summarize, Ferrite Num-ber measurement is more reproducible than ferrite percent measurement. Fer-rite Number is more conveniently meas-ured than ferrite percent. And, because the Ferrite Number measurement is a non-destructive test, it is suitable for in

process quality assurance, while ferrite percent is generally not. Specification of a Ferrite Num-ber minimum, or of a FN range when necessary, is far preferable to specify-ing a percent ferrite minimum or range. For most weldments in nominally aus-tenitic stainless steels, where the main concern is freedom from solidification cracking sensitivity, specification of 3 FN minimum is all that is necessary. For 347 weld metal, and for some higher alloyed weld metals such as 317L and 309LMo, 5 FN minimum provides as-surance of freedom from sensitivity to so-lidification cracking. Where elevated temperature service and/or postweld heat treatment are to be applied, an upper limit of 10 or 15 FN is often ap-propriate to avoid embrittlement due to phase transformations at high tem-

perature. And for duplex ferritic-aus-tenitic stainless steel weld metals such as 2209, a specification range of 30 to 70 FN has been found to correlate well with good corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. The Welding Research Coun-cil, the International Institute of Welding, and the ASME Code strongly recom-mend specification of ferrite in stainless steel weld metals by Ferrite Number, not by percent ferrite.

If you have any stain-less steel questions, even if you have the answers but feel they will help the rest of the industry, please send them through to melissar@polka.co.za and our technical desk will answer them and run them in our new Technical Column.

September 2010 23

STAINLESS STEEL WELDING can be problematic if you do not know how to prevent solidification cracking

companyPROFILE

THE FIMI hot rolled cut to length line, which is capable of coping with coils of 2m wide and 6mm thick

24 September 2010

LASER PROFILER, which is capable of cutting up to 25mm thick stainless steel

TUBE POLISHER, which can handle diameters from 15mm to 100mm

September 2010 25

Macsteel VRN Stainless has commissioned a second cold rolled cut to length line for its stainless steel operations in Roodekop, just outside of Johannes-burg. This latest piece of world-class equipment is the final part of the puzzle for the massive expansion of its service centre. The company now has the best service centre offering in the country, rivalling most operations in the world as well. Our options were clear, says Kit Williamson, Macsteel VRN Stainlesss managing director. We knew we needed to install the equipment in order to have a sustainable business model. Through dedication and a commitment to the local market and in-stalling state-of-the-art equipment, the expansion programme that was start-ed in 2003 has finally been completed. 2010 saw the culmination of a vision of becoming a world-leading service centre. The 14 000m facility is able to compete with the best the world has to offer, says Williamson. Its investment in the sophisticated equipment has taken the company to the next level. The service centre now boasts the following offerings: slitting, cut to length, drilling, rolling and weld prep, laser and plasma cutting, sheet polishing, tube polishing, precision shearing and bending. The new cold rolled line compliments the Fimi hot rolled line. The relatively new scotch bright sheet polishing line offers an alternative finish to the conventional No 4 finish. The centre also boasts top-of-the-line laser and plasma profiling machines, as well as a full range of CNC, bending, rolling and drilling equipment. Macsteel VRN Stainless can cater for any customers precise re-quirements. Our CNC rolls mean we can roll stainless for drums and cones, therefore helping supply more complete product to a broad range of indus-tries. This has opened opportunities for a number of fabricators, says Mike Hall, director of marketing and business development. Macsteel VRN Stainless is far more than a stockist or supplier. Cus-tomers seeking additional value can have all their needs met by a facility that offers true flexibility. Companies can now move away from standard size products, says Hall. Anything, at any length, in any shape, with any holes, is now a possibility straight from the supplier. Macsteel VRN Stainless is committed to sourcing local primary product and driving South African conversion thereof. Williamson believes that supporting local product and conversion is imperative for the South African stainless steel industry. Imports of finished goods are eroding our manufacturing base, he says.

Macsteel VRNs proudly SAservice centre comes of age

The stockist and service centre is committed to driving local CONVERSION of stainless steel

with its equipment expansion programme

We can provide anything, at any length, in any shape with any holes, for any client

26 September 2010

NEWSsassda

Maguire appointed acting head In June this year, Bernard Magu-ire, a director of Cronimet RSA, was elected by the Sassda board for the po-sition of acting executive director of the stainless steel association. In this role, he will head up the day-to-day running of the association un-til a new executive director is appointed and takes office. Maguire will split his time be-tween Sassda and Cronimet, the lo-cal arm of the international Cronimet Group, a leading stainless steel recy-cling company.

Sassda teams up with NCPC-SA In 2009 the National Cleaner Production Centre of South Africa (NCPC-SA) through the Metals Fabrication, Capital & Trans-port Equipment Sector approached Sassda to establish a working relationship to obtain buy-in and support of the Cleaner Production Programme. Following the road show, NCPC-SA has recruited the follow-ing companies who are interested in Cleaner Production Assessments:Fabrinox, Cape Town Cape Stainless, Cape Town Tenneco, Port Elizabeth Metso ND Engineering, Durban Elgin, Durban Bohler Uddeholm Africa, Durban Flexi Cast, Durban NMC Exquisite, Durban For more information con-tact The Metals Fabrication Sector Project Manager, Ms Azwihangwisi Takalani on (012) 841 2475 or email ATakalani@csir.co.za

Sassda welcomes PEMA The recently launched Pressure Equipment Manufacturers Associ-ation (PEMA) was welcomed by Sassda chairman, Sampie van Rooyen at the Sassda Main Committee Meeting held in July. Speaking at the meeting, Peter Viljoen, PEMAs newly elected chairman, explained that larger pressure equipment manufacturers needs were best met with a focussed approach. Sassda looks forward to a beneficial working relationship and wishes PEMA success for its future.

SASSDA

PEMA

NEWSsassda

King Shaka International Airport The King Shaka Interna-tional Airport has presented some great opportunities for the stain-less steel industry. Balustrading at the airport was mainly supplied in grade AISI 444 stainless steel, which allowed the designers to take advantage of its mechanical and corrosive properties. It was used in applica-tions such as counters, bump rails, flooring and stairways, which will prove to be a cost effective solution in these high-traffic areas due to the minimal maintenance requirements and practicality.

Sassdas Jewellery Initiative The Sassda Jewellery Initiative was formed to address the low skills level of local communities in order to create sustainable jobs. During an economic summit held in the Overberg region it was decided to assist a local community in the region with manufacturing arts and crafts from stainless steel and abalone shells. These products are created with a definite local flavour and export potential. Sassda aims to facilitate the engagement of academic institutions, such as the Arts Department at the University of Stellenbosch and the Jewel-lery Department at Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), local business, members and relevant non-governmental organisations to create a program that will deliver the necessary skills, designs, equipment and knowledge to the local community. Although the consumption of stainless steel in this project will be low, the exposure to the alternative uses of stainless steel will contribute to sustainable jobs in the region. This is a great example of the stainless steel industry delivering value to the South African community and promoting the national agenda of mineral beneficiation.

AIRPORTJEWELLERY

28 September 2010

NEWSsassda

Sassda Regional KZN head concludes his tenure Sassda has announced that Ian Elsdon-Dew of the KwaZu-lu-Natal regional office has concluded his service with Sassda as of 1 July 2010. Sassda will continue to serve the KwaZulu-Natal region including its membership. In the meantime all queries should be referred to the Sassdas head office in Johannesburg on 0861 727732 or comms@sassda.co.za.

8 SeptemberFree IDC workshop, MSP Chambers, CT9 September IDC workshop, Kelway Hotel, PE15 September IDC workshop, The Albany, Durban16 September Golf Day, Irene Country Club, Pretoria21 & 22 September IDC workshop, IDC Head Office, JHBOctoberConsumer Protection Act breakfast seminarOctober 12, 13Basic Stainless Steel Course, KZNOctober 19Columbus Mill VisitOctober 19, 20, 21Basic Stainless Steel Course, East London28 OctoberGauteng Sports Day, Glen Vista Club4 November End of Year Social Function, KZNNovember 8, 9, 10Basic Stainless Steel Course, Bellville November 9, 10Basic Stainless Steel Course, Richards Bay 11 November End of Year Social Function, Cape Town18 NovemberEnd of Year Social Function, PE25 NovemberEnd of Year Social Function, JHB

EVENTS

Consumer Protection Act The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) was passed by Parliament and will affect all marketing, sales and service activities taking place after 24 October 2010. The act will apply not only to South African suppliers but includes foreign suppliers and services providers, non-profit agencies, associations, trade unions, clubs, governments and para-statals. Moreover warranties are now required from importers, distribu-tors and retailers. Sassda is preparing to host the Consumer Protection Act Work-shop in October/November 2010. For more information, please join us at the CPA roadshow, which will be held in the main regions, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth and Johannesburg. Contact Mayleen Kyster at Sassda for further information.

NEWS

Sassda Sponsors SAIW Young Welder of the Year Competition Sassda is proud to announces its sponsorship of R25 000 for the Young Welder of the Year Competition hosted by the South African Institute of Welding (SAIW). The competition, to be held in October 2010 and aimed at promoting skills excellence in welding, synergises with Sassdas mission of promoting quality local manufacturing.

Sassda AGM The Sassda Annual General Meeting (AGM) will be held on 30 Sep-tember 2010 at 3M South Africa, 146A Kelvin Drive, Woodmead. Voting for the Main Committee Members will take place at this years AGM. Board members are then elected from members of the main committee. We urge all members to attend, however, proxy forms have been e-mailed should you be unable to attend. For further information, please contact Sassda.

ISO 9001 for Small Businesses A new edition of the successful handbook, ISO 9001 for Small Busi-nesses, has been jointly published by ISO and the International Trade Centre. The handbook has been updated to take into account the latest edition of ISO 9001, published in 2008. This standard, which gives the requirements for quality management systems, is among ISOs most well known and widely implemented standards. Through numerous concrete examples from a wide range of sectors, ISO 9001 for Small Businesses aims to help small and medium-sized enter-prises understand and implement the standard. Copies of the handbook are available directly from the SABS Stand-ards Sales office in Groenkloof, Pretoria.

LEGISLATION

NEWSindustry

Fischer advert

Reduction of duties Minox Trading has ap-plied to Itac for the reduction of duties on stainless steel nuts imported into South Africa. This application has been made on the basis that there is no local manufacturer of stainless steel nuts in South Africa and would result in a more com-petitive stainless steel nut industry. This initiative was embarked upon al-most two years ago and a decision is imminent.

Bohler Uddeholm Africa opens Austrian Welding Academy Bohler Uddeholm Africa have opened a new welding training centre in Isando, Johannesburg, offering a range of practical welding courses based on international and local welding standards of both short- and medium-term duration. Focused personal instruction by qualified, professional instructors en-sure students benefit from detailed training standards. The welding centre is supported by its founding members Bohler Welding SA and Fronius International, world leaders in the design and manu-facture welding equipment and consumables technology. The Austrian Devel-opment Agency has also played a key role in championing the vision of the academy. As a result students benefit from the latest welding solution technol-ogy and the most widely-preferred welding processes and positions in local and regional industry. Safety and environmental health practices form part of the instruc-tion. A typical process course includes classroom technical theory training and practical welding exercises. State-of-the-art welding booths are used to simulate job site applications. Advanced programs include Aluminium MIG, Pulse and Cold Metal transfer processes, Maintenance & Repair, Stainless Steel MIG, Pulse and GTAW TIG welding.

MINOXBO

HLER

30 September 2010

NEWSindustry

Artist designs stainless steel whistleArtist Duncan Stewart designed and manufactured a stainless steel whistle for the Soccer World Cup. He created the sculpture after reflecting on how a small piece of metal controls millions of people by dictating when the opening game of the World Cup would kick off. Stewart says: The humble in-strument, which is operated by wind and hence spirit, directs and guides play for the enjoyment of the fans and to ensure a fair contest between the teams. Consider then, should the whistle blow a player off-sides, and he continues to dribble and score, is the goal allowed? Of course not. Any advantage gained after the whistle has been blown is inva-lid, worthless and has no bearing on the final outcome of the game. My hope is that as people see their reflections in this sculpture, the question may arise: Who is blowing

ARTIST

the whistle on every decision I am making in my life? When conviction comes, where does it come from?. The whistle was showcased at a exhibition held at Hyde Park Shopping Centre in Johannesburg. The whistle is now up for sale. Stewart is currently designing and manufacturing a 30m-long stainless steel sculpture from tubing for the city of Port Elizabeth, which is scheduled to be completed in August.

FREESUBSCRIPTION

Interested in getting your favourite stainless steel magazine delivered to your client?Contact us for a subscription.E-mail: melissar@polka.co.zaor call: 0861 727732

NEWSindustry

Imperial buys share in Goscor Imperial Holdings Limited, through its subsidiary AMH, announces that it has acquired a majority sharehold-ing in the Goscor Group of companies, a diversified indus-trial and engineering group. Founded in South Africa, the Goscor Group has been supplying the local market with state-of-the-art industrial equipment and world-class solutions for the past 26 years. It consists of 6 key divisions, and is an exclusive distributor of leading and world-class brands of industrial equipment. Goscor employs 250 personnel and has a national footprint and distribution network, supplying to a blue chip customer base across various sectors of the market. Neil Wilson, the CEO of Goscor, says: Being part of the Imperial Group gives us a new platform, allow-ing us to take advantage of Imperials substantial Southern African footprint; it is their financial muscle and solid repu-tation in the market which will help us to further develop our business. Goscor prides itself on its excellent customer relationships, built on a foundation of exceptional service. We take long-term views on everything we do, resulting in Goscor being a strong and sustainable business which is highly respected in the markets in which it operates.

GOSC

OR

We are delighted to have Imperial executives, Manny de Canha and Osman Arbee (pictured above), on our board to add their expertise and experience to our team. Goscor ARC is a leading local sup-plier of welding and cutting solutions. Supplying brands such as Lincoln Electric and ESAB.

JOHANNESBURG6 Fuchs Street

Alrode Ext. 2, Alberton

Fax: 011 864 6604 www.cronimet.co.za

Tel: 011 908 1620

DURBANMason Road

Amanzimtoti, DurbanTel: 031 903 5628Fax: 031 903 2166www.cronimet.co.za

(R.S.A.) (PTY) LTDCRONIMET

Buyers of stainless steel scrap Suppliers of quality graded secondary

raw materials to mills and foundries locally and internationally

A major stainless steel scrap recycler in South Africa

VLEKVRYE STAAL

STAINLESS STEEL

CHARLES CAMMELL

32 September 2010

Charles Cammell is Columbus Stainlesss Senior Com-mercial Manager for the local market. He has been with the South African stainless steel producer since 1986 and is one of the most well-known and recognised peo-ple in the industry. He is responsible for all sales of stainless steel to the domestic market.

What are your career highlights? Far too many to mention. I started off in the public rela-tions field, moved on to market development and over time have progressed through the business to my current posi-tion. I enjoy being able to operate inside a fantastic group, Acerinox, who have added a global perspective to my job.

What is your best personal achievement? Marrying Karen and raising 3 fantastic children.

What is your best career achievement? Being involved from the very beginning in the development and evolution of the automotive catalytic converter industry, from a tiny consumer of stainless steel material to a key sector in local manufacture for local and export markets.

With the Columbus mill operation in Middleburg and offices in Johannesburg, Cape Town, Port Eliz-abeth and Durban, how do you manage all the travelling?Unlike many people who find travelling tiring, I think it is a privilege to do so. I dont know too many people who have the luxury of close to two hours undisturbed time in the early morning just to think about the day ahead, plan and consider issues currently affecting business. I also get to visit interna-tional customers on a fairly regular basis, which also helps broaden my perspective on global business.

You work behind the scenes with the real basics of stainless steel. Is it a purely functional metal for you or do you have a personal favourite stainless steel possession?Stainless steel is a passion and like many people who are involved in the industry, I find it fascinating. My favourite stainless steel item has to be my double wall insulated stainless steel coffee mug after all, there is nothing better than a hot cup of good coffee early in the morning.

What is your favourite stainless steel building? The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. I have been fortunate to view them first hand and if you con-sider the age of the building (1998) and the number of tons of 316 used, they would have made a stainless steel sales-man very happy!

What are you currently reading? I survive on a daily diet of Business Day, Engineering News and I always have at least one novel on the go currently Mark Giminezs Accused.

How do you define happiness? Being able to get up and look forward to the challenges the day will bring.

What cant you live without? Quiet time out, coffee, my family and friends and my I-Touch. Describe your perfect weekend? After a crazy week, I generally like to relax on a Friday evening, get in some exercise, maybe sleep a little late, spend time with my family and friends and most definitely get out on the road on my bicycle.

Why stainless steel? Its a great product, long lasting, recyclable, clean and extremely versatile.