Stages of Child Development Final Episode (1)

8/13/2019 Stages of Child Development Final Episode (1)

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Stages of Child Development

Child development studies is a studies towards all aspects of development and changes

of people from the mothers womb to teenagers (Rohani Abdullah, 2001)!t is also a scientific

studies of the biological, social, cognitive, and emotional behavior of the children

("etherington # $ar%e, 1&&')his studies help to improve %nowledge on their childrens

development where parents could monitor and observe whether the development of their

childrens are normal or not hus, this could resulted tothe earl detection and prevention of

deviant behaviour development !n addition, certain researchers find that the studies of

children allows for the understanding on the behavior of an adult ("etherington # $ar%e,

1&&', p2) here are several stages of child development and man factors that can influence

them including during the prenatal stages, phsical, emotional, intelectual, sociological,

language, emotional and morale stages of development his studies have been done b man

researchers for a long time

he first stages that will be discuss is prenatal development *enerall, prenatal

development is & month of pregnanc and are divided b three phases, this include germinal

stages that is period of ovum from fertili+ation to 1 das, embronic stages that is 2nd to -th

wee% which the organs start to develop and fetal stages is the last period which is -th wee% to

birth (Clar%e./tewart, riedman, # och, 1&-, p12)3uring this period of time there are

man things that can influence the development of the babies As mention b /teuer (1&&),

during pregnanc the nutrition of mothers give an effect to the development of the bab

(p1') "istor of nutrition, pills, alchohol and drugs that had been consumed b the mother,

her phsical condition, radiation and anthing dangerous e4posed to her has a ver high

effects (/tewart at al, 1&-, p1'5) 6verthing that can give a negative effect must be

avoided *enetics also can influence the development of a child According to ail (2010)

genetics can bring effect in two was, which is b inheritence or the number of chromosome

in sperm and eggs less or greater than 2' (p)

he second stages that will be discuss is phsical development As Rohani Abdullah

(2001) said, Children phsical growth include the changes of bodies, head and hand

measurement, teeth growth and bones (p2) heir social behavior, personalit and cognitive

development also give an impact to their phsical development process (ail, 2010, p10)

Rohani Abdullah (2001) said that the average weight of health newborn is ' %ilograms or 5

pounce, and a single borned bab is heavier than the twin /he also said that the babies of

diabetic mother are heavier than normal babies (p2) 7owre (as cited in Clar%e./tewart,

1


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and it shows someone feeling at that moment (Rohani Abdullah, 2001, p1:1) According to

!+ard and Ac%erman (as cited b ail, 2010) emotions is important from the view of

functional approach because it help people to fit in the situation (p'1) 6motion develop

through stages based on emotional e4perience and b age (Clar%e./tewart, riedman, #

och, 1&-, p2:)

he fifth stages is languages development 7anguages is important for the

childrendevelopment because it will ma%e it easier for the adults to understand the message

from the children 8 understanding of what their listening and followed b abilit to spea%,

the children can mastership the languages (Rohani Abdullah, 2001, p1') Rice and

;oodsmall (as cited b Rohani Abdullah, 2001) stated that the abilit to build the concept of

human and nature in their surrounding and can encourage a closer relationship towards others

because of the abilit to tal% and the usage of languages (p1') 8loom (as cited b Rohani

Abdullah, 2001) also said that during - to 1- month the babies ma%e their first words whether

from a different race and what languages been spo%en heir languages evolve rapidl after

the first word and it become long and comple4 (p1) As "allida ("etherington # $ar%e,

1&&') discusses that interact b new communication, e4plore, understanding situation, %nows

realit, attitudes, e4press their emotions, views and wishes All this s%ills gain b

development process of their languages (p22) rom sounds and become words, the words

itself, words meaning and emerging words to ma%e sentence are the level to defining the

languages (/teuer, 1&&, p'') ail (2010) as well discuss about the different subsstem of

languages, it is $honolog refers to the sound of a language, /emantics is stud about the

words and meanings, *rammar refers to the regulation of how to describe the structure of

languages and snta4 is a element of grammar to specif or to form a sentence, and

$agmantics is studies of the used of language to interact effectivel rom what he sas, the

children must master each of the elements "e also defines that the relationship of sound to

meaning is a sstem of language and are e4pressed in man was, through speech, writing

and gesture (p2:-)

7enneberg (as cited in Clar%e./tewart, riedman, # och, 1&-) found the milestone

of children language development At months of ', the infant smile,ma%e s


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=mamma or dadda> at 12 months he %now more than ' but less than 0 words but still

much babbling, but still cant understand the meaning of words as an e4ample =than% ou> or

=come here> at the age of 1- months At 2 months the can spea% more than 0 words and

mostl can name things around them At the age of '0 months the can spea% well but not

ver good et here will be an increase in their vocabular with new addition of words

everda and can understood the meaning of the words (p2)

(ARA)?oral development of children also will be discuss Rohani Abdullah(2001)

defines that, the ac


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References

Clar%e./tewart, Alison (1&&) !hild "evelopment, # $opical #pproach Canada ohn

;ile # /ons

"etherington, 6 ?avis # $ar%e, Ross 3 !hild %sychology America ?c*raw."ill

ail, Robert B (2001) !hildren and $heir "evelopment ew erse $earson 6ducation

Rohani Abdullah (2001) %erkembangan &anak-&anak, %enilaian secara portfolio

?alasia Dniversiti $utra ?alasia

/teuer, ae 8 (1&&) $he %sychological "evelopment of !hildren California 8roo%sE

Cole

Stages of Child Development Final Episode (1)

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